[The semantics of bullous dermatoses (a historical overview)].
The semantic derivation and interpretation of diagnostic terms used in the designation of bullous dermatoses is elucidated.
History, 18th Century↗
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Lymphoid nodules in skin biopsies from dogs, cats, and horses with nonneoplastic dermatoses.
In a retrospective histopathologic study of nonneoplastic dermatoses, lymphoid nodules were found in 0.3% of 3,408 canine, 5.1% of 469 feline, and 4.5% of 325 equine skin biopsies. In all 3 species, the majority of cases wherein lymphoid nodules were found were diseases of presumed immune-mediated nature. In cats and horses, the majority of cases were also diseases characterized by tissue eosinophilia.
Animals↗
[The role of diseases of the digestive organs in the development of dermatoses].
A study of 800 gastroenterological patients revealed dermatoses in 176 of them. Skin lesions were most frequent in chronic hepatitis (84%), rarer in chronic enterocolitis (accompanied by constipation (58%) and chronic gastritis with secretory insufficiency (70%). The expediency is shown of complex treatment including detoxication, immunomodulatory, substitutive and corrective therapy.
Adult↗
[Treatment with topical corticosteroids in severe or resistant dermatoses].
The efficacy and safety of betamethasone dipropionate glycol cream 0.05% and desoximetasone ointment 0.25% were compared in a randomized, double-blind study of 80 patients with resistant or severe corticosteroid-responsive dermatoses. Medication was applied to affected areas at a dosage of 3.5 grams twice daily for 14 days. In each treatment group, evaluation of efficacy was based on results in 35 patients and that of safety in 40 patients. Among betamethasone dipropionate glycol cream 0.05%-treated patients, signs and symptoms of dermatologic disease either cleared completely or markedly improved in 34/35 (97%). Comparable responses were observed in 31/35 (89%) patients treated with desoximetasone ointment 0.25%. Local tolerance to both study medications was excellent; no adverse reactions occurred. Plasma cortisol reduction occurred in few patients (4 resp. 3 patients each group), however this effect was only transient and reversible.
Adolescent↗
[Hemorrhagic pigmentary dermatoses].
According to morphologic differences or provoking factors, variants of hemorrhagic pigmentary dermatoses (HPD) have been reported under numerous names. Common characteristics of these disorders are grouped petechiae, eczematoid dermatitis and, in older lesions, hyperpigmentation due to hemosiderin deposits; these symptoms are usually seen on the lower extremities. Today, we suppose a uniform pathogenesis of the clinically varying types of HPD.
Dermatitis↗
Occupational dermatoses--an update.
Occupational dermatosis is a common occupational disease. Contact dermatitis is its commonest presentation. New chemicals are introduced into the industry every year. Often they are potential skin irritants and allergens. Besides contact dermatitis, these chemicals can cause serious systemic effects which sometimes produce cutaneous manifestations e.g. chloracne and scleroderma. Prevention remains the most effective way of reducing the incidence of occupational dermatoses. Physicians should be familiar with advances in occupational dermatology in order to recognize them. This paper reviews some recent advances in this field.
Allergens↗
Management of life-threatening dermatoses.
The notion of life-threatening dermatoses may seem to be a contradiction in terms, but in fact there are a number of serious dermatologic conditions that require prompt attention to prevent fatal consequences. This article will review four such diseases, for which prompt recognition and treatment will be emphasized.
Adult↗
Dermatoses of pregnancy.
Hormonal alterations contribute to the physiologic skin changes in pregnancy, which include hyperpigmentation and melasma, striae gravidarum and vascular phenomena, such as spiders, palmar erythema and varicosities. Hair, nails and sweat glands may also be affected. Dermatoses associated with pregnancy include herpes gestationis, impetigo herpetiformis, pruritic urticarial papules and plaques of pregnancy and papular dermatitis of pregnancy. Some skin tumors are affected by or are unique to pregnancy.
Female↗
[Roentgenmorphologic findings in systemic dermatoses].
Skeleton and soft tissue findings in systemic dermatoses sometimes allow early differentiation between diseases affecting the skin only and those involving other organs too. Rarely, ossious alterations can be detected even before any cutaneous manifestations have shown up. Apart from a tabular survey, we refer in detail to the frequency as well as the diagnostic value of ossious and soft tissue findings in dermatomyositis, lupus erythematosus, systemic sclerosis, psoriasis, Reiter's disease, sarcoidosis, neurofibromatosis (Recklinghausen's disease), histiocytosis X, and pretibial myxedema. Particular attention is paid to the problems of differential diagnosis with special regard to rheumatoid arthritis.
Bone Diseases↗
[Clinical testing of a 0.1 percent difluocortolone valerianate ointment in various chronic dermatoses].
The object of the present study was to investigate the clinical efficacy of Nerisona fatty ointment in very skin conditions. A total of 37 patients, most of them with chronic dermatoses, was treated. Either very good or good results were achieved in 100% of the cases. The side effects observed were very slight.
Adolescent↗
[Photographic follow-up of the topical use of prednicarbate preparations in inflammatory dermatoses].
In 20 patients suffering from acute or chronic inflammatory dermatoses, topical treatment with prednicarbate (Dermatop) was photographically documented and evaluated. Because of the rapid and pronounced anti-inflammatory and anti-edematous effect of prednisolone-17-ethyl carbonic ester without halogenic groups, therapy took only 7 to 21 days. Since there was practically no suppression of the endogenic biosynthesis of cortisol and no atrophogenic potency, we expected a minimum of side effects along with a maximum of therapeutic results.
Administration, Topical↗
[The spectrum of transient acantholytic dermatoses].
In reviewing the literature, we made an attempt to expand the term "transient acantholytic dermatosis" (TAD) beyond the criteria of classical Grover's disease to a broader spectrum of diseases and to systematically categorize the variety of reported clinical pictures. Moreover, we endeavoured to separate these conditions from Darier's and Hailey-Hailey's disease and from immunofluorescence-positive acantholytic dermatoses. Three patients of our own are presented with a heretofore undescribed bullous exanthematic variant.
Acantholysis↗
[Topical treatment of glucocorticoid-sensitive dermatoses with diflorasone diacetate].
Treatment with diflorasone diacetate ointment and cream (0.05%) was strikingly successful in a multicenter clinical trial involving 4,651 patients in total suffering from various corticosteroid-sensitive dermatoses. According to the clinical evaluation, 93% of the patients were cured or much improved. Approximately 7% of the patients questioned rated the local tolerance of the two forms of administration as good to very good. Only 4% of the patients rated the tolerance of the ointment or cream as moderate or bad. None of the patients showed any systemic side-effects. The molecular structure of diflorasone-17,21-diacetate and the specific pharmaceutical properties of the ointment and cream evidently guarantee a good bioavailability of the glucocorticosteroid in the skin. Clinical and experimental results confirm that diflorasone diacetate belongs to the group of highly active corticosteroids.
Administration, Topical↗
[Bullous dermatoses in otorhinolaryngology (author's transl)].
The early clinical and histological diagnosis of acquired bullous dermatoses (pemphigus, bullous pemphigoid and the cicatricical pemphigoid of mucous membranes) may prove to be difficult when the disease is confined to the upper air and food passages. Histological differentiation between these diseases can also be difficult. In a number of cases it could be shown that the first signs of the disease were frequently mistaken for inflammatory conditions and that routine histological examination rarely confirmed the diagnosis. Only after immunohistological and immunoserological examination could the diagnosis be confirmed. In pemphigus, the treatment can be individually adapted to the titre of antibodies. The typical otorhinolaryngological findings in each of the three diseases are described.
Aged↗
Classification of urticaria and the reactive inflammatory vascular dermatoses.
The common feature of all the conditions discussed in this article is that they are inflammatory vascular dermatoses that may occur as reactive processes in association with other diseases. The histopathologic characteristics of the lesions range from mild, perivascular dermal infiltration with inflammatory cells and vasodilation to various degrees of vessel damage (endothelial swelling to fibrinoid necrosis). The vessel damage is reflected in varying degrees of secondary changes including extravasation of edema fluid, extravasation of erythrocytes, epidermal necrosis, separation of the dermal-epidermal junction zone, and widespread tissue necrosis. The etiology of most of these conditions is still unknown, although strong evidence indicates that type III (circulating immune-complex-mediated) pathogenesis may be responsible for necrotizing venulitis (leukocytoclastic vasculitis) and that a type I (IgE-mediated) pathogenesis may be involved in some types of urticaria. For many of the reactions described, the patients have serum sickness-like systemic signs and symptoms in addition to cutaneous lesions, and a circulating immune-complex-mediated pathogenesis has been considered. Future investigations must address the types of antigens and antibodies present in the circulating immune complexes, the detection of specific antigen in cutaneous blood vessels, the reproduction of lesions in experimental animals, and the mechanisms responsible for the spectrum of clinicopathologic lesions produced, with special attention to the possibility that vessel damage results from circulating immune complex-induced lymphocytic rather than only leukocytoclastic vasculitis.
Angioedema↗
Life-threatening dermatoses.
Four life-threatening dermatoses-Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal necrolysis, Kaposi's varicelliform eruption and purpura fulminans-are unique in their abrupt onset and rapid progress to death, but prompt diagnosis and proper therapy can often cure the condition or prevent undesirable sequelae. Since two of the four conditions can follow the use of a variety of drugs and all may be secondary to an infectious agent, any physician may encounter them in practice and should be aware of their seriousness.
Child↗
Immunofluorescent follow-up studies in patients with bullous dermatoses.
Basement zone antibody titres were studied in two patients with bullous pemphigoid over a period of 1-1/2 and 3-1/2 years. Titres remained almost constantly even after a complete healing of all lesions, without any treatment. Direct immunofluorescence revealed basement zone antibodies in one of these two patients when examined after healing had occurred. Three patients with bullous dermatoses showed pemphigus antibodies at the inception of the disease. Basement zone antibodies were present simultaneously in one patient. In the subsequent course of observation in the two other patients, pemphigus antibodies were replaced by basement zone antibodies and in one case by nuclear antibodies too. These findings make the pathogenetic import of these "auto-antibodies" difficult to understand.
Aged↗
[Dermatoses provoked by opportunistic fungi].
In my exposé I confined myself to the moulds. Generally speaking, there are two groups of fungi. One group that often provokes diseases in otherwise normal subjects (fungi of parasitic-pathogenic character) and a second group that causes diseases in cases of lowered immunobiological resistance (fungi of saprophytic-opportunistic character). Though the biological conditions of the host are important, they are by no means the only prerequisites for the development of a mycosis. Just as important are the enzymatic qualities of the fungus. Ubiquitous moulds can become opportunists and provoke dermatoses under two conditions: (1) The fungus must possess keratolytic capabilities (2) its penetration and growth must be preceded by a lesion due to trauma, or bacterial or viral infection.
Arthrodermataceae↗