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Dermatoglyphics, the study of finger-tip and palmar prints, can play an important role in suggesting or confirming the diagnosis in the case of certain congenital syndromes. The paper discusses the prints in the cases of two important syndromes viz Turner's and Klinefelter's, and shows how to differentiate between the two.
Nine cases of the de Lange syndrome are reviewed. Our findings show that the facial characteristics in the present series and in previously reported cases are remarkably similar. Dermatoglyphically, we have documented an increased incidence of tibial loops on the hallucal area and increased incidence of single flexion creases of the digits from this study series. Our study also supports the previous authors who have recorded an increased incidence in radial loops on the second and third digits and increased incidence of simian lines. We have not been able to document a consistent chromosomal defect.
Rapp-Hodgkin ectodermal dysplasia is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by distinctive craniofacies, cleft lip or palate, oligodontia or anodontia, hypoplasia of the nails, and a decrease in or absence of the sweat glands and hair follicles. We have identified a family in which three children display clinical features similar to Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome. The father and two other sisters of the patient had normal facial features, but had short stature and had dental anomalies, the latter suggestive of ectodermal dysplasia. The overall clinical, dental, and dermatoglyphic findings of these patients are discussed in relation to reports of families with Rapp-Hodgkin syndrome.
Palmar and fingerprints of 122 male children with central nervous system lesion were analyzed for possible prevention of cerebral palsy. Eighteen variables of epidermal ridge count were examined: ten on either hand fingers, and four on either palm, and on a-b, b-c and c-d triradii, with atd angle. Patients were divided into two groups: 61 patients with severe lesion (score range 20-29) and 61 patients with moderate lesion (score range 30-39). Fingerprints of 200 male subjects from the Zagreb area served as controls. Statistically significant differences were found for five variables in the group of patients with severe lesion, i.e. on the second finger of the right hand, between a-b and b-c triradii of the right palm, and between a-b and c-d triradii of the left palm. Accordingly, a clinically severe lesion to the central nervous system was quite probably accompanied by certain deviation in the metric traits of the patients' digitopalmar dermatoglyphics, which might prove useful in the diagnosis and prognosis of the disease, thus also for timely and more successful treatment. In children with the presence of risk factors, palmar and fingerprints should be taken in the immediate postnatal period in order to prevent the development of risk symptoms. In those with risk findings, the treatment with intensive medical exercise should be introduced to minimize clinical manifestation of the central nervous system lesion. It should be emphasized that, due to brain plasticity, the best results are obtained if the treatment is performed within nine months after birth, whereafter considerably poorer results are achieved.
The authors investigated the correlation between the occurrence of certain qualitative dermatoglyphic traits and the susceptibility to ovarian cancer, using the case-control design. A sample of 168 diseased cases, treated at the University Department of Gynecologic Oncology in Zagreb, Croatia between 1996-1997 was compared to 200 healthy females, investigated at the Institute for Anthropological Research in Zagreb. The results showed significant differences between ovarian cancer cases and healthy controls regarding the frequency of arches on the fingers of both hands (10-11% vs. 4-5%, respectively, p < 0.05), and of characteristic patterns on the palms of right hand (33% vs. 54% in 3rd interdigital space (IS), p < 0.001; 39% vs. 47% in 4th IS, p < 0.05) and of the left hand (42% vs. 58% in 4th IS, p < 0.001; 24% vs. 34% in hypothenar, p < 0.01). Although probably neither very sensitive nor specific, these findings could still be used in addition to other diagnostic procedures, as a rough screening method in early detecting of ovarian cancer.
Finger pattern types, pattern intensity indices and finger ridge counts in 110 individuals (54 males and 56 females) from Corte in the central area of Corsica (France) were investigated. The comparison of the Corsican qualitative and quantitative digital dermatoglyphics with those from other samples of Mediterranean and European countries show a clearcut difference between Corsicans and Continental Italian populations and a great affinity between Corsicans and Sardinians. These results are regarded as compatible with the interpretation of archaeological, historical and genetic evidence.
Correlation between asymmetry of total signs of digital dermatoglyphs and general level of physical potential and basic physical qualities was studied. Highly qualified sportsmen were examined: men (231) and women (95) 20-38 yrs old; MPU students--men (106) and women (92) 17-20 yrs old; children with infantile cerebral paralysis, boys (12) and girls (42) 4-13 yrs old and parents of these children, man (12) and women (42) 25-48 yrs old. Variability of asymmetry of basic of digital dermatoglyfied was associated with sexual peculiarities of dominance of right or left hemisphere in functional asymmetry of brain.
The ratios between dermatoglyphic patterns of different types were studied in males and females with and without hereditary diseases of the skin. It was found that ridge patterns of fingers are determined by special polygenes. Patients with monogenic dermatoses (X-linked ichthyosis and autosomal recessive ichthyosiform erythroderma) exhibited a suppressed formation of the loop pattern compared to control subjects.
The authors discuss the perspectives of practical use of morphological method for investigation of psychical diseases and predisposition to them. The method is based on the analysis of picture of finger and palm papillary pattern dermatoglyphs. This marker doesn't change during the life and the authors attribute it to one of the most important directions in professional selection of specialists of military professions.
We describe a retarded female patient with distinct facial dysmorphism (round puffy cheeks, epicanthal folds, ocular hypertelorism, short broad nose, low set and slanted ears), joint laxity, clinodactyly, abnormal dermatoglyphics (bilateral absence of c palmar triradius and single palmar crease) and a peculiar metacarpophalangeal profile. The possibility of a new MCA/MR is discussed.
The paper deals with a study of palmar dermatoglyphics in 1120 schizophrenic patients with different forms of its development. As a control group 1240 normals were studied as well. The females displayed an increased frequency of patterns Au/Ac on the hypothenar and defective patterns on the thenar. Among the males there was an increased amount of displasia, genuine and defective patterns on the thenar, of the loops in III interfinger spaces. These differences are encountered more frequently in patients with progressive forms of schizophrenia.
Fifty persons having nasobronchial allergy diagnosed by a positive skin test were compared with age and sex matched normal individuals for dermatoglyphic palmer patterns. The palmer prints were obtained on white art paper using Kores duplicating ink. In female patients, total number of whorls was less, more so on digit IV of left hand. Digit V of right hand had low frequency of ulnar loops, the d-t ridge count was low. In male patients, ulnar loops were less frequent on digit III of right hand. Total finger ridge count was less in both sexes. High frequency of arches was observed in female patients and in total. Digit V of left hand in females and in total patients revealed high frequency of arches. a-b ridge count was high in males and in total patients.
The localization of an axial triradius and the flexor creases were studied in 173 phenotypically normal mothers and 104 fathers of congenitally malformed children. The most pronounced changes ofdermatoglyphics were found in the parents of children with polygenic determined defects, less pronounced ones-- in the parents of children with multiple congenital non-chromosomal defects and with Down's syndrome. The frequency of the pathological features studied was similar both in children with polygenically determined isolated defects and with Down's syndrome. The frequency of the pathological determined isolated defects and in their parents. In multiple congenital defects and in Down's syndrome the abnormalities ofof the localization of an axial triradius and of the flexor creases were found in children more frequently than in the parents. It is suggested that the above mentioned peculiarities of parental dermatoglyphics may be useful for the genetic counsleling.
The dermatoglyphic hand prints from 19 patients with different types of syndactyly were analysed. It was shown that some digital triradii and palmar lines were missing and replaced by only one triradius with common radiants and one main palmar line in patients with syndactyly. With fingers fused incompletely so called zygodactylous triradius and the main Z line may appear, instead of or alongside with them. It is proposed that the position of local cell death in the interdigital spaces is determined by positional information which is expressed in the system of polar coordinates.
Palmar dermatoglyphics of a sample including 552 males and 701 females from 8 Basque valleys were analyzed. We studied the frequency of palmar pattern types and compared them using correspondence the frequency of palmar pattern types and compared them using correspondence analysis. The results of this comparative study show that there is diversity among valleys and also that this diversity depends on the trait and on sex. Genetic drift could explain this variability found in the Basque population.
To investigate whether the phenotypic resemblance of Down's syndrome patients of different racial origins extended to include their dermatoglyphic characteristics, we made comparisons of dermal pattern frequencies on digits, palms, and hallucal areas of white, black and Japanese patients and matched controls. The results showed similarities in frequencies of digital whorls and ulnar loops in patients of all racial groups, of patterns in hallucal, thenar/I, second and third interdigital areas in white and black patients, and of hypothenar patterns and t" triradii in Japanese and black patients. The frequencies of the digital arches and remainder of the palmar configurations in patients of three racial groups showed significant, though often smaller, differences than those found in their controls.
We studied dermatoglyphic imprints of patients with preaxial or postaxial polydactyly. Development of the additional finger is shown to be always accompanied by the corresponding finger triradius and basic line; postaxial polydactylies are characterized by the circular epidermal ridges around the rudiment of the sixth finger and the presence of the second additional triradius. On the basis of these data we suggest that major lines of the palm and finger triradii serve as landmarks denoting the borders of individual morphogenetic fields of fingers during their segregation from general morphogenetic field of the hand which is related to the polar system of coordinates.
Dermatoglyphic analysis was carried out on 50 cases of Down's Syndrome and 100 normals. It involved the digital patterns, axial triradius and palmer crease on the hands. 94.6% of the digital patterns in Down's Syndrome were the Ulnar loop type against 62.5% in the normals. No arch was reported in Down's Syndrome. There were more whorl patterns in the normals (31.1%) than in the Down's Syndrome group (4%). The mode of the distribution of the digital indices in the Down's Syndrome was at +3.58. More than 84% of the 50 cases of Down's Syndrome have digital index of +3.58 compared to only 12% in the normals.