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PubMed1983

Dermatoglyphic patterns in patients with atopic dermatitis.

Fingertip dermatoglyphic patterns of forty-five patients with atopic dermatitis were compared to those of sixty nonatopic dermatologic patients, twenty-one of whom had hand dermatitis. The average number of digits in which linear grooves were detected was significantly higher in the atopic group than in the nonatopic controls (p less than 0.005). Three or more digits with linear grooves were found in 95.2% of atopic patients with hand dermatitis and in 61.9% of controls with hand dermatitis (p less than 0.005). A greater number of digits displaying linear grooves was found in control patients with hand dermatitis than in control patients without hand dermatitis. However, atopic patients with hand dermatitis had, on the average, an even greater number of digits with linear grooves than did control patients with hand dermatitis (p less than 0.005). These findings suggest that linear grooves, although associated with hand dermatitis in general, are more commonly found in patients with atopic hand dermatitis. Although a significant increase in the whorl pattern was detected in female, but not in male, atopic patients when compared to sex-matched control groups (p less than 0.0025), this increase was significant only in Caucasian females when compared to sex- and race-matched controls (p less than 0.0005).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Etiologic implication of foods in atopic dermatitis: evidence against].

Atopic dermatitis is a typical chronic inflammatory skin disease that usually occurs in individuals with a personal or family history of atopy. Children with atopic dermatitis frequently present IgE-mediated food sensitization, the most commonly involved foods being egg and cow's milk. However, controversy currently surrounds whether food allergy is an etiological factor in atopic dermatitis or whether it is simply an associated factor, accompanying this disease as one more expression of the patient's atopic predisposition. Approximately 40 % of neonates and small children with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis present food allergy confirmed by double-blind provocation tests but this allergy does not seem to be the cause of dermatitis since in many cases onset occurs before the food responsible for allergic sensitization is introduced into the newborn's diet.Studies of double-blind provocation tests with food in patients with atopic dermatitis demonstrate mainly immediate reactions compatible with an IgE-mediated allergy. These reactions occur between 5 minutes and 2 hours and present mainly cutaneous symptoms (pruritus, erythema, morbilliform exanthema, wheals) and to a lesser extent, digestive manifestations (nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea), as well as respiratory symptoms (wheezing, nasal congestion, sneezing, coughing). However, these reactions do not indicate the development of dermatitis.Some authors believe that responses to the food in provocation tests may also be delayed, appearing mainly in the following 48 hours, and clinically manifested as exacerbation of dermatitis. However, delayed symptoms are difficult to diagnose and attributing these symptoms to a particular foodstuff may not be possible.Delayed reactions have been attributed to a non-IgE-mediated immunological mechanism and patch tests with food have been proposed for their diagnosis. In our experience and in that of other authors, the results of patch tests with cow's milk do not seem very specific and could be due, at least in part, to the irritant effect of these patches on the reactive skin of children with atopic dermatitis.The involvement of foods in atopic dermatitis will always be difficult to demonstrate given that an exclusion diet is not usually required for its resolution. Food is just one among several possible exacerbating factors and consequently identification of its precise role in the course of the disease is difficult. Further double-blind prospective studies are required to demonstrate the effectiveness of exclusion diets in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.Apart from the controversy surrounding the etiological role of foods, the most important point in atopic dermatitis is to understand that the child is atopic, that is, predisposed to developing sensitivity to environmental allergens; in the first few years of life to foods and subsequently to aeroallergens. Consequently, possible allergic sensitization to foods should be evaluated in children with atopic dermatitis to avoid allergic reactions and to prevent the possible development of allergic respiratory disease later in life.

Child↗
PubMed1999

Facial dermatitis: patch test results and final diagnoses.

BACKGROUND: Facial dermatitis may result from allergic or irritant contact dermatitis, from endogenous conditions such as atopic or seborrheic dermatitis, or a combination of contributing factors. OBJECTIVE: To determine the final diagnoses in patients referred for evaluation of facial dermatitis, and the relevant allergens in those ultimately diagnosed with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). METHODS: A retrospective chart analysis of all patients patch tested for evaluation of facial dermatitis in an Occupational and Contact Dermatitis referral clinic over a 2-year period from October 1995 to October 1997. RESULTS: Of the 383 patients patch tested, 85 (22%) had facial dermatitis. Of these 85 patients, 55 (65%) had spotty or diffuse facial involvement, 21 (25%) had only eyelid involvement, and in 9 (10%) only the lips were involved. Final diagnoses were relatively equally distributed among three categories: one third had ACD, one third had ACD with other contributing factors, and one third had diagnoses other than ACD. Among patients with ACD, the most common relevant allergens were personal care products, preservatives, and fragrances. CONCLUSION: Allergic contact dermatitis is a frequent cause of facial dermatitis in a referral dermatology clinic. However, in up to two thirds of patients, other diagnoses represent either the primary process or a major component contributing to the eruption. Personal care products, preservatives, and fragrances represent the most common relevant allergens in those diagnosed with ACD. A significant number of relevant reactions would be missed if only the TRUE test standard series were used.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

CC chemokine receptor 4 expression on peripheral blood CD4+ T cells reflects disease activity of atopic dermatitis.

Recent studies indicate that Th1 and Th2 cells differ in their chemokine receptor expression and their responsiveness to various chemokines. Therefore, selective Th2 cell recruitment in Th2-predominant inflammatory diseases such as atopic dermatitis may be under the influence of some chemokines. It is reported that CC chemokine receptor (CCR) 4 is selectively expressed on Th2 cells whereas CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR) 3 is selectively expressed on Th1 cells. In this study we examined CCR4 and CXCR3 expression on peripheral blood CD4+ and CD8+ T cells obtained from adult atopic dermatitis subjects, and compared the results with those from patients with psoriasis vulgaris and healthy controls. CCR4 was preferentially expressed on CD4+ T cells from atopic dermatitis subjects and CXCR3 was preferentially expressed on CD4+ T cells from psoriasis vulgaris subjects. This CCR4 expression was prominent especially in severe atopic dermatitis subjects. CCR4 expression on CD4+ T cells in severe atopic dermatitis subjects decreased on improvement of disease activity. CD25 was preferentially expressed on CCR4+CD4+ T cells but not on CXCR3+CD4+ T cells in atopic dermatitis subjects. Cutaneous lymphocyte-associated antigen was also preferentially expressed on CCR4+CD4+ T cells but not on CXCR3+CD4+ T cells in atopic dermatitis subjects. CD4+ T cells in atopic dermatitis skin lesions were predominantly CCR4+ cells. Taken together, this study strongly indicates that CCR4+CD4+ T cells reflect disease activity and suggests that CCR4 expression is important for T cell infiltration into atopic dermatitis lesions. Thus, CCR4 may be a possible target for therapy of atopic dermatitis in the future.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

An application of the United Kingdom Working Party diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis in Scottish infants.

The United Kingdom Working Party diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis have been characterized in infants and children; however, the need for visual confirmation of flexural dermatitis by a trained investigator limits their use in large epidemiologic studies. We have administered the complete United Kingdom Working Party criteria in a postal questionnaire format to the mothers of year old infants and determined the concordance between mothers' and trained investigator's reports of visual flexural dermatitis. Based on mothers' responses to the questionnaire, 59 infants with atopic dermatitis and 59 controls were identified. In subsequent home interviews conducted by a trained investigator, the United Kingdom criteria questions were repeated and sites of current visible dermatitis were identified by mothers and the investigator as per United Kingdom Working Party protocol. Agreement between the mothers' postal and home interview responses was high: kappa= 0.75-0.94 for individual criteria; kappa= 0.93 for diagnosed atopic dermatitis. Agreement between the mothers' and investigator's observations of visible flexural dermatitis was high for all sites: kappa= 0.88-1.0. The results demonstrate that mothers are able to apply the United Kingdom criteria and accurately report visible flexural dermatitis in their year old infants. The postal application of the United Kingdom Working Party's diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis in year old infants appears to be a practical, reliable, epidemiologic tool in the investigation of atopic dermatitis with results comparable with formal application of the criteria by a trained investigator.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Rarity of hypertension in adult patients with atopic dermatitis.

BACKGROUND: Patients with atopic dermatitis show a tendency for vasoconstriction of the small vessels in the skin. As peripheral vasoconstriction contributes to the cause of hypertension, it is natural to suppose that blood pressures might be on the high side in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. In the literature, however, there was little information on the subject. OBJECTIVES: To study the incidence of hypertension in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. PATIENTS/METHODS: Blood pressure was measured in 521 adult patients with active atopic dermatitis (235 males; 286 females) aged 30-59 years, and 87 adults with "healed" atopic dermatitis (26 males; 61 females) aged 34-52 years. The blood pressures were classified as definite hypertension, borderline hypertension or normal blood pressure. RESULTS: In those patients aged 30-39 years with active atopic dermatitis, the incidence of definite hypertension in the male patients and the female patients was 1.1% and 1.6%, respectively. The incidence remained almost at a plateau for the 30-39-year-old age group through to the 50-59-year-old age group, in both the male and female patients. There was no difference in the incidence of definite hypertension between patients with severe dermatitis and patients with mild dermatitis. Adult patients with "healed" atopic dermatitis also showed a low incidence of definite hypertension. CONCLUSIONS: These findings indicate that hypertension is rare in adult patients with atopic dermatitis. It is most probable that the rarity of hypertension is a primary feature of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Risk factors for atopic dermatitis in infants at high risk of allergy: the PIAMA study.

BACKGROUND: It has been suggested that the period immediately after birth is a sensitive period for the development of atopic disease. OBJECTIVE: We investigated whether birth characteristics and environmental factors are associated with the development of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life. METHODS: Seventy-six children with and 228 without atopic dermatitis, all children of mothers with respiratory allergy or asthma (PIAMA birth cohort study) were included in the study. Atopic dermatitis was defined as a positive history of an itchy skin condition with at least two of the following characteristics: visible dermatitis, history of outer arms/leg involvement, or general dry skin. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to study the independent effects of various risk factors. RESULTS: A birth weight >/=4000 g compared to 3000-4000 g was a significant risk factor for atopic dermatitis (odds ratio (OR)=2.4; 95% CI: 1.1-5.1) as was day care attendance (OR=2.9; 95% CI: 1.5-5.9). Exclusive breastfeeding in the first 3 months was negatively associated with atopic dermatitis (OR=0.6; 95% CI: 0.3-1.2), especially with visible dermatitis (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-1.0). Gender, gestational age, the presence of siblings or pets, and parental smoking were not significantly associated with atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSION: This study shows that a high birth weight and day care attendance increase the risk of atopic dermatitis in the first year of life, while exclusive breastfeeding is a protective factor when dermatitis is found on inspection.

Birth Weight↗
PubMed1999

The profile of atopic dermatitis in a tertiary dermatology outpatient clinic in Singapore.

BACKGROUND: Atopic dermatitis is a common, chronic, relapsing, pruritic, eczematous skin condition occurring in patients with a personal or family history of atopy. The aim of this study is to describe the profile of atopic dermatitis seen at a tertiary referral skin center in a tropical multiracial country. METHODS: A retrospective chart review was conducted of all the patients with atopic dermatitis seen during the first six months of 1994. RESULTS: There were 492 patients, age range from 1 month to 74 years, with an equal sex ratio. The prevalence was 2%. The onset of the disease occurred before the age of 10 years in 61.2% of patients. In 13.6% of patients, the onset was after the age of 21 years. Two hundred and fifty four patients (52%) had "pure" atopic dermatitis without concomitant respiratory allergies; 238 patients (48%) suffered from a "mixed" type, with 23% having allergic rhinitis, 12% having asthma, and 13% having both asthma and allergic rhinitis; 231 patients (47%) had at least one first-degree family member with atopy: atopic dermatitis (17%), asthma (15%), and allergic rhinitis (15%). Most of the patients, 416 (84.5%), had subacute dermatitis at presentation. Ichthyosis vulgaris was present in 38 patients (8%) and pityriasis alba in 13 patients (3%). The most common infective complication was bacterial infection (impetiginized dermatitis, folliculitis, cellulitis) present in 95 patients (19%), followed by viral infections (dermatitis herpeticum, viral warts, and molluscum contagiosum) in 17 patients (3%). Allergies were noted in 43 patients (9%). The most common was drug allergy (penicillin and cotrimoxazole) in 28 patients, followed by food allergy in 11 patients. Common aggravating factors reported included heat, sweating, stress, thick clothing, and grass intolerance. Most patients could be controlled with a fairly simple regimen of moisturizers, topical steroids, and antibiotics for acute flares. Short courses of systemic steroids were used in 78 patients (16%). Three patients were treated with phototherapy: two on combined UVA and UVB (UVAB) and one on oral psoralen photochemotherapy (PUVA). CONCLUSIONS: The pattern of atopic dermatitis in Singapore is similar to that reported in the Western literature, except for a lower prevalence and a significant proportion of adult-onset atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Atopic dermatitis is associated with a decrement in health-related quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Although atopic dermatitis is a chronic skin disease that can have a major impact on a patient's life, the burden of illness associated with this condition has not been well characterized. OBJECTIVE: To determine the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of patients with atopic dermatitis by disease severity and to compare it with that of the general public and of patients suffering from other chronic illnesses or skin disorders. METHODS: Two hundred and thirty-nine atopic dermatitis patients aged 4-70 years completed the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 Health Survey (SF-36) and the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) or the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index. These HRQL scores were compared by self-reported patient disease severity ratings. Health-related quality of life scores were compared with those of the general population and those of patients with other chronic conditions (clinical depression, hypertension, type 2 diabetes) or skin disease (psoriasis). Dermatology Life Quality Index scores were also compared with those of other skin diseases (such as psoriasis, Darier's disease, and Hailey-Hailey disease). RESULTS: Patients with atopic dermatitis had inferior scores on the SF-36 vitality, social functioning, and mental health subscales compared with individuals in the general population. In seven of eight subscales, individuals reporting more severe disease had inferior DLQI and SF-36 scores. Patients with atopic dermatitis had inferior mental health scores compared with those with diabetes or hypertension, and inferior social functioning scores compared with patients with hypertension. When compared with a psoriasis cohort, patients with atopic dermatitis had inferior scores in the role-physical, vitality, social functioning, role-emotional, and mental health SF-36 domains. Patients with atopic dermatitis had similar DLQI scores to patients with other chronic dermatologic diseases. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that atopic dermatitis has an impact on HRQL, particularly in social functioning and psychological wellbeing. Patient-assessed severity of atopic dermatitis correlates with HRQL decrements, indicating greater HRQL impact with greater disease severity. Atopic dermatitis has as large an impact on HRQL as several chronic conditions and other dermatologic conditions.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

The etiology of allergic-appearing foot dermatitis: a 5-year retrospective study.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this 5-year retrospective investigation were threefold. (1) Among patients with dermatitis of the feet consistent with allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), what were the final diagnoses of those with dermatitis only on the feet and those whose foot dermatitis was accompanied by other cutaneous involvement? (2) Among those patients determined to have ACD, what were the relevant allergens? (3) Have the allergens in shoes in the United States changed as a consequence of modifications in footwear manufacture and style design? METHODS: Of 704 patients patch-tested at the University of Kansas Medical Center with the North American Contact Dermatitis Group's standard allergen tray and/or the University of Kansas "shoe and rubber" tray, 70 patients presented with a clinical pattern suggestive of ACD of the foot. RESULTS: Compared with those without foot dermatitis, these patients were more likely to be atopic and male with bimodal age distribution: <19 and 41 to 60 years. Despite clinical evidence suggesting allergy, only 23 (32.9%) patients had ACD to components of shoes, whereas 30 (42.9%) had psoriasis. Among the remaining patients, 4 (5.7%) had a non-shoe allergy, 3 (4.3%) had dyshidrosis, 2 (2.9%) had nummular dermatitis, 2 (2.9%) had tinea pedis, and 1 (1.4%) each had pityriasis rubra pilaris, juvenile plantar dermatosis, atopy, id reaction, and traumatic/frictional dermatitis as their primary diagnosis. One patient had not received a diagnosis when last seen. CONCLUSIONS: When evaluated by sites of involvement, psoriasis was diagnosed as often as ACD to shoes when the dermatitis was confined to the foot but was more frequent than ACD when both the hands and feet were involved. With respect to shoe dermatitis, rubber components were the principal allergens, followed by chromated leather and adhesives. Iatrogenic ACD was also common, and among all allergens, bacitracin caused the most frequently observed relevant reaction.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Evolution of clinical pattern of parthenium dermatitis: a study of 74 cases.

Our aim was to study the evolution of clinical pattern of parthenium dermatitis. Patients with clinical picture consistent with parthenium dermatitis for 3 years or more along with positive patch test to parthenium were studied. Patients were questioned regarding the site(s) of dermatitis at the onset and change in localization in the following years. Patients were classified into airborne contact dermatitis, chronic actinic dermatitis (CAD) pattern or mixed pattern dermatitis. There were 74 patients (49 men and 25 women) with an age range of 22-70 years and the mean duration of 7.7 years. 60 (39 men and 21 women) patients had airborne contact dermatitis, 5 mixed pattern and 9 CAD pattern at the onset. Of the 60 patients with airborne contact dermatitis, 27 (19 men and 8 women) changed to CAD pattern and 11 (6 men and 5 women) to mixed pattern after an average period of 4.2 years. Of the 19 patients photopatch-tested with parthenium, 3 showed photoallergic reaction and the other 3 showed photoaggravation. Our results suggest that the clinical pattern of parthenium dermatitis undergoes a significant change after the onset, i.e. progresses from airborne contact dermatitis to mixed pattern or CAD pattern.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

An assessment of the role of Candida albicans antigen in atopic dermatitis.

An immediate hypersensitivity reaction to Candida albicans (C. albicans) antigen has been observed in patients with atopic dermatitis. Recent data from a comparative study of the immune response to C. albicans antigen in patients with atopic dermatitis and non-atopics suggest a shift form type 1 helper T cells to type 2 helper T cells in the immune response to C. albicans antigen in atopic dermatitis. To delineate the role of C. albicans in the pathogenesis in atopic dermatitis, we evaluated skin reaction of C. albicans antigen, as well as the serum IgE antibody level against C. albicans in patients with atopic dermatitis, patients with nasal allergy, and non-atopics. In addition, the clinical effect of antifungal drugs was evaluated in the patients with atopic dermatitis. As a result, we found that immediate hypersensitivity to C. albicans antigen is strongly correlated with the patients with atopic dermatitis. On the other hand, the delayed-type hypersensitivity to this antigen, which is highly prevalent in atopics without dermatitis as well as non-atopics, was reduced in most of these patients. Antifungal drugs markedly improved the skin manifestations in patients with atopic dermatitis that have IgE antibodies against C. albicans, and the serum IgE levels also decreased. These results suggest that C. albicans antigen is a potent intrinsic factor in inducing skin lesions in atopic dermatitis because of IgE-mediated hypersensitivity of C. albicans antigen.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Blood eosinophils, eosinophil-derived proteins, and leukotriene C4 generation in relation to bronchial hyperreactivity in children with atopic dermatitis.

To assess the relation among eosinophil-related variables in the peripheral blood, bronchial hyperreactivity, and the presence of atopic dermatitis in children aged 5-14 years, we studied 11 patients with atopic dermatitis alone, six with asthma and atopic dermatitis, 12 with asthma alone, and 12 healthy controls. Eosinophil counts, levels of eosinophil cationic protein, and the capacity of eosinophils to generate leukotriene (LT) C4, as well as bronchial hyperreactivity and a severity score for atopic dermatitis, were determined. Eosinophil variables were significantly higher in both patient groups with atopic dermatitis than in normal controls. In particular, ionophore A 23187 LTC4 generation was higher in patients with atopic dermatitis alone (median 82, range 25-273 ng/10(6) cells) and patients with combined asthma and atopic dermatitis (median 68, range 32-583 ng/10(6) cells) than in normal controls (median 9, range 1-67 ng/10(6) cells). However, there was no difference between the group of atopic dermatitis patients with asthma and without asthma. We conclude that eosinophil variables in the peripheral blood are mainly influenced by the presence of atopic dermatitis, and not the presence and the severity of asthma in patients with both asthma and atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Food allergy and atopic dermatitis in infancy: an epidemiologic study.

Atopic dermatitis is common in infancy. The role of food allergy in atopic dermatitis of infancy is unclear. We examined the relationship between atopic dermatitis and immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy in infancy. A birth cohort of 620 infants with a family history of eczema, asthma, hayfever or immediate food allergy in a parent or sibling: 487 children had complete data including skin prick tests (SPTs) to evaluate IgE-mediated food allergy to cow milk, egg and peanut. Participants were grouped as no atopic dermatitis (Gp 0) or in quartiles of increasing severity of atopic dermatitis (Gps 1-4) quantified by days of topical steroid use as reported monthly. Adverse reactions to foods were recorded. The cumulative prevalence of atopic dermatitis was 28.9% to 12 months (10.3% of the cohort of moderate severity). As atopic dermatitis severity increased so did the prevalence of IgE-mediated food allergy (Gp 0, 40/346 vs. Gp 1, 6/36 vs. Gp 2, 8/35 vs. Gp 3, 12/35 vs. Gp 4, 24/35; chi(2) = 76; p < 10(-6)), and the frequency of reported adverse food allergy reactions (Gp 0, 43/346 vs. Gp 1, 4/36 vs. Gp 2, 8/35, vs. Gp 3, 5/35, vs. Gp 4, 13/35; chi(2) = 17; p = 0.002). The relative risk of an infant with atopic dermatitis having IgE-mediated food allergy is 5.9 for the most severely affected group. Atopic dermatitis is common in infancy. There is a strong association between IgE-mediated food allergy and atopic dermatitis in this age group.

Dermatitis, Atopic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Enhanced basal and stimulated PMN chemiluminescence activity in children with atopic dermatitis: stimulatory role of colonizing staphylococci?

In adults, intense staphylococcal skin colonization and hyperactivity of polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) oxidative metabolism are characteristic features of atopic dermatitis. Precise data on childhood atopic dermatitis are lacking. In a prospective study we analysed the PMN chemiluminescence activity with special reference to staphylococcal stimuli in 19 children (mean age 6.2 years) with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 17/19 (90%) of children with atopic dermatitis and 13/45 (29%) of healthy age-matched controls (p less than 0.001). The mean (SEM) chemiluminescence activity of unstimulated atopic dermatitis-PMN was 0.34 (0.009) (controls: 0.092 (0.003) x 10(6) cpm/10(6) PMN/min (p less than 0.02). Staphylococcal antigens (S. aureus, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus) induced a 1.9-3.1-fold higher peak chemiluminescence response in children with atopic dermatitis than in controls (p less than 0.05). The time interval until peak chemiluminescence activity was considerably shorter for all stimuli in atopic dermatitis. We conclude that PMN of children with atopic dermatitis are "primed", showing enhanced release of reactive oxygen metabolites even in the "resting" state, and are easily stimulated by staphylococcal antigens present on the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis from early childhood on. We speculate that PMN hyperreactivity may contribute to chronic skin damage in atopic dermatitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Glove selection as personal protective equipment and occupational dermatitis among Japanese midwives.

This study was conducted to 1) evaluate the personal selection and use of protective gloves against bloodborne pathogens and management of glove selection in the workplace, 2) survey the experience with occupational dermatitis and other allergic symptoms, 3) explore the relationships between occupational dermatitis experience and glove use, and 4) determine the impact of glove selection upon occupational dermatitis among midwives. Subjects were 1,150 midwives working in Japan. Participants were selected from the members of Japanese Nursing Association and 835 responded to the survey. More than 30% of respondents wore gloves only when clients had an infectious disease, 41% reported experience of occupational dermatitis, 26% associated the dermatitis with medical glove use, and 2% had a diagnosis of latex allergy. Demographic variables that were significantly associated with occupational dermatitis included history of allergic symptoms other than due to occupational exposure, age, tenure and type of working institution. Using latex gloves during administering enema, shaving, changing pads, washing perineum, receiving newborns, suctioning, and handling waste significantly increased the risk of occupational dermatitis experience compared to not using gloves. Logistic regression analysis with backward stepwise elimination revealed glove selection management, such as availability of alternative glove types, using latex gloves for washing perineum, and using latex gloves for handling waste were significant predictors of occupational dermatitis. Occupational dermatitis is a significant issue and glove use as personal protective equipment is not standardized. Some occupational dermatitis may be preventable by managing appropriate glove selection.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Estimation of heritability of atopic dermatitis in Labrador and Golden Retrievers.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the heritability of atopic dermatitis in Golden and Labrador Retrievers. ANIMALS: 429 dogs related to 13 dogs with atopic dermatitis. PROCEDURE: Atopic dermatitis was defined on the basis of the type and frequency of clinical signs recorded in the clinical records, and each dog was classified with atopic dermatitis or probable atopic dermatitis or as nonatopic. By use of data from atopic and nonatopic dogs, regression analyses of parental status on offspring status were performed to estimate heritability. RESULTS: There was no difference in the frequency of atopic dermatitis between sexes or between breeds. There was a marked association between the atopic status of the parent and that of the offspring, particularly for sires. By use of data from 32 litters in which the status of both parents was known and considering only those dogs classified with atopic dermatitis or as nonatopic, the heritability (+/- SE) of atopic dermatitis was estimated to be 0.47 (+/- 0.17). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Atopic dermatitis has a strong genetic component, and breeding of dogs with clinical signs of atopic dermatitis should be discouraged.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Udder cleft dermatitis and sarcoptic mange in a dairy herd.

OBJECTIVE: To determine prevalence of udder cleft dermatitis in a dairy herd that was experiencing an outbreak of sarcoptic mange. DESIGN: Clinical survey. ANIMALS: 1,597 Holstein cows and late-gestation heifers. PROCEDURE: Animals were examined for udder cleft dermatitis and for skin lesions consistent with sarcoptic or chorioptic mange. Skin scrapings were collected from 56 cows and examined for ectoparasites. The herd was revisited 1 year later, and prevalences of udder cleft dermatitis and lesions consistent with mange were determined in 506 cows. RESULTS: Of the 1,597 cattle examined, 280 (18%) had udder cleft dermatitis, and 1,397 (87.5%) had lesions consistent with mange. In 43 of 56 (77%) cows, skin scrapings revealed Sarcoptes mites. Udder cleft dermatitis was significantly more common in older than in younger cows. In first-lactation cows, udder cleft dermatitis was less common during the first 4 months of lactation than in the later stages of lactation, but udder cleft dermatitis was identified in cows in all stages of lactation and in cows that were not lactating. The herd was treated with eprinomectin to control mites, and prevalence of lesions consistent with mange 1 year later was only 2.8%. However, prevalence of udder cleft dermatitis was still 12%. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that cows in any stage of lactation and cows that are not lactating can have udder cleft dermatitis but that lesions are more common in older cows. Control of sarcoptic mange was accompanied by a moderate reduction in the prevalence of udder cleft dermatitis but did not eliminate the condition.

Age Factors↗