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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Role of the serotonin3 receptor in stress-induced defecation.

The possibility that 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin; 5-HT) mediates bowel dysfunction caused by stress was evaluated in rats and mice treated with 5-HT or thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) injection and in rats subjected to stress. Restraint stress at room temperature (23 degrees C) significantly increased fecal pellet output without the formation of gastrointestinal mucosal lesions in free-feeding rats, and caused diarrhea in 90 to 100% of animals within 3 hr in food-deprived rats. Oral YM060, ondansetron, granisetron, atropine and diazepam and s.c. tetrodotoxin inhibited these stress-induced changes in bowel function in fed and fasted rats. ED50 values were 1.1 (0.2-6.6) and 2.5 (1.1-5.7) micrograms/kg for YM060, 483 (338-691) and 354 (262-477) micrograms/kg for ondansetron, 208 (111-393) and 142 (48.9-414) micrograms/kg for granisetron, 811 (639-1,030) and 847 (641-1,118) micrograms/kg for atropine, 3,099 (1,499-6,405) and 5,396 (4,768-6,106) micrograms/kg for diazepam and 1.9 (1.7-2.1) and 3.3 (1.6-6.5) micrograms/kg for tetrodotoxin, respectively. Methysergide inhibited stress-induced diarrhea with an ED50 value of 724 (384-1,366) micrograms/kg s.c., whereas it had partial effect on stress-induced increases in fecal pellet output. Exogenous 5-HT increased fecal pellet output in rats and caused diarrhea in mice.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Treatment of defecation blockade caused by deep recto-vaginal fossa with total pelvic floor reconstruction using a prolene-net].

The causes of severe defaecation blockage resulting from compression of the rectum and deep recto-genital fossa are reviewed and are illustrated by three patients who had previously undergone hysterectomy and who had incapacitating defaecation blockage and abdominal pain requiring morphine in two of the patients. The condition had not been diagnosed despite previous hospital contact for many years in two of the patients. Complete reconstruction of the pelvic floor with prolene net was performed. Subsequent defaecography showed normalization of defaecation without rectal compression and with relief of the abdominal pain and dependence on morphine in two of the patients. Rectal compression resulting from an abnormally deep recto-genital fossa should be included in the differential diagnostic deliberations in patients with severe constipation and defaecation blockage. Complete reconstruction of the pelvic floor with prolene net is considered, in the preliminary findings, to be a reasonable alternative in the treatment of this condition.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[The defecation balloon proctogram in the study of idiopathic incontinence].

The authors report their findings in the study of idiopathic rectal incontinence using a defecatory balloon proctogram. The study provides a detailed anatomico-functional analysis of the sphincteric tract and, together with manometric and electromyographic studies, is useful in assessing the need for reconstructive surgery and for monitoring the results of ileoanal and coloanal anastomoses, sphincteric plastic surgery and posterior anal plastic surgery.

Anal Canal↗
PubMed1990

[Opaque enema and radiography of defecation in the pre- and postoperative morpho-functional evaluation of rectal neoplasms].

From November 1989 to April 1990, 16 patients with rectal cancer were examined preoperatively by means of double contrast barium enema and defecography. Double contrast barium enema was used to identify the cancer: based on the distance of cancer from anal rima, the patients were divided into 3 groups: 1) less than 6 cm; 2) 6-11 cm; 3) more than 11 cm. In all patients defecography was performed at the end of barium enema to evaluate rectal wall mobility. Thus, the morphological information yielded by barium enema could be integrated with the dynamic data from defecography. The evaluation was thus possible of both longitudinal and, indirectly, transverse tumor spread. All the patients underwent surgery and radiological findings were compared with surgical ones. In those patients in whom defecography had shown rigidity of the rectal walls, extraparietal tumor spread was observed during surgical resection. Seven patients underwent anterior resection, and were subsequently examined by the same combination of barium enema and defecography. The combined use of the two methods was useful to evaluate the anastomosis and to show possible dynamic changes after surgery.

Barium Sulfate↗