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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

Earthquake consequences and measures for reduction of seismic risk.

Earthquakes are one of the most destructive of all natural disasters. This article discusses the consequences of earthquakes on material property. In addition, measures for the control and reduction of the consequences of earthquakes are described. Emphasis is placed on appropriate preparation by the general population and the need for a rapid and efficient response of governmental agencies. Finally, the experience of the staff of the Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Seismology in minimizing the consequences of earthquakes is described.

Delivery of Health Care↗
PubMed1997

Direct and indirect effects of selected risk factors in producing adverse consequences of drug use.

A path analysis was performed to examine the usefulness of multiple pathway risk factors in explaining and predicting youthful alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) misuse and its adverse consequences. The risk factors alienation, trait anger, interaction anxiety, and cognitive motivation for drinking were used as exogenous variables with earliness of onset, ATOD use, and adverse consequences of ATOD use serving as endogenous variables. Firm support emerged for both direct and indirect effects of the risk factors on both use and adverse consequences of use.

Achievement↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A study of the relationship between protective behaviors and drinking consequences among undergraduate college students.

The authors identified the number, type, and frequency of protective behaviors that undergraduate college students who consume alcohol use to prevent alcohol-related consequences. Their hypothesis was that students who engage in more types of protective behaviors with greater frequency would be less likely to experience alcohol-related consequences. Participants consisted of a randomly selected sample of 1,355 undergraduates aged 18 years and older at a large public university. Students completed a mailed questionnaire on alcohol and health behaviors in spring 2002. The findings (after adjustment for covariates) indicated that self-protective behaviors are inversely associated with alcohol-related problems for women but not for men. The influences of gender and racial and ethnic differences are considered in relation to prevention and intervention programs aimed at reducing alcohol-related consequences on college campuses.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Malaria infection and its consequences in school children.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the prevalence and consequences of malaria infection in school children in the Muea area and its environment. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study. SETTING: Muea area, South West Cameroon. SUBJECTS: Two hundred and fourty six randomly selected school children aged three to sixteen years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of malaria in the Muea area. Determination of parasitaemia. Measurement of haematocrit (PCV) values. Species identification. Consequences of malaria infection in terms of school days lost. RESULTS: Prevalence of malaria was 98% and highest prevalence rate (100%) and geometric mean parasite density (1520 parasites/microl of blood) occurred in the < or = 5 years age group. Prevalence of anaemia was generally low (10.8%) and there were no cases of severe anaemia (PCV < 20%). P. vivax-like parasites were detected for the first time in this area. Plasmodium falciparum was the predominant species (93%) followed by P. malariae (52%), P. ovale (42.7%) and P. vivax-like parasites (33.3%). Mixed infections also occurred. Fifty three out of 144 (36.8%) children lost a number of school days ranging from 0.5-14 days, with each child losing an average of 1.53 school days in a month. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of asymptomatic malaria in the Muea area is very high. P. vivax parasites were observed for the first time in the area, but this needs to be confirmed by molecular methods in future studies. Children lost school days as a consequence of malaria infection.

Absenteeism↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Sports and fitness activities: the negative consequences.

Participation in sports and fitness activities offers potential health benefits for individuals of all ages, such as combating obesity and osteoporosis, as well as enhancing cardiovascular fitness. Negative consequences of musculoskeletal injuries sustained during sports participation in childhood and adolescence may compromise function in later life, limiting the ability to experience pain-free mobility and engage in fitness-enhancing activity. Increasingly successful management of sports-related injuries has allowed more athletes to return to participation. However, even effective early management of meniscal or anterior cruciate ligament injury does not minimize or preclude the increased likelihood of developing subsequent osteoarthritis. In addition, even in the absence of injury, vigorous participation in sports and fitness activities during childhood and adolescence increases the likelihood of developing osteoarthritis. It is ironic that return to vigorous sports participation has been adopted as an important measure of success of treatment, yet few efforts have been made to document long-term consequences of continued participation. Awareness of the long-term consequences of intensive sport and fitness activities allows the physician to help patients make informed decisions about the types and levels of activity they choose.

Athletic Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The potential consequences of employee job loss due to hospital closure.

Survey results from 772 randomly selected employees at three state mental hospitals in Missouri are used to estimate the potential consequences of job loss that would occur if one of these hospitals closed. Especially for older, female, less skilled, and less educated groups of employees, the magnitude of potential economic, residential relocation, and stress related consequences is likely to be high if suitable reemployment cannot be found. However, the literature on manufacturing plant and mental hospital closings identifies these same groups as having the most unfavorable reemployment chances. Thus, those at risk to experience the most severe consequences also have the lowest chances of escaping them. A discussion of the implications of these findings for the actions of hospital leaders concludes this report.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1999

Remote regional cerebral blood flow consequences of focused infarcts of the medulla, pons and cerebellum.

UNLABELLED: The aim of this study was to evaluate regional and remote diaschisis of inferior brain stem or cerebellar infarcts in 25 patients presenting with relatively limited lesions. Patients presented with medullary, pontine or cerebellar infarction. METHODS: Lesions were evaluated on MRI (0.5 T). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was assessed by means of SPECT, after injection of 9rmTc-hexamethyl propyleneamine oxime (HMPAO) and, when possible, inhalation of 133Xe in the same session. For each method, asymmetry indices (Als), comparing contralateral to ipsilateral rCBF values, were calculated in four areas of each cerebral hemisphere and in the cerebellum and later compared with values obtained in healthy subjects (P = 0.05). RESULTS: Higher rCBF values were observed in the contralateral cerebellum in 2 of 7 patients with selective lateral medullary lesions, and cerebellar Als were significantly increased. When a cerebellar infarct was associated with a lateral medullary lesion, the cerebellar and contralateral hemispheric asymmetries were more severe. Unilateral paramedian pontine infarcts had more frequent consequences on the cerebellum (2 of 3 cases), with rCBF or tracer uptake being reduced in the ipsilateral or the contralateral lobe. Inverse cerebral hemispheric asymmetry could then be observed. Bilateral pontine lesions were difficult to evaluate. Using 99mTc-HMPAO, discrete cerebellar asymmetry was observed in 3 of 6 cases. Pure cerebellar infarcts in the posterior inferior cerebellar artery territory were always associated with a severe ipsilateral flow drop in the cerebellum, and contralateral hemispheric diaschisis was frequent (3 of 4 patients), predominating in the frontotemporal cortex and subcortical structures. This was also more obvious using 99mTC-HMPAO than 133Xe. Variance analysis showed that hemispheric diaschisis was more severe in mixed brain stem and cerebellar infarcts than in pure cerebellar or brain stem lesions. Furthermore, cerebellar and hemispheric AI values were not correlated with measurements of clinical deficits, disability or handicap. CONCLUSION: Unilateral and limited inferior brain stem lesions can have ipsi- or contralateral consequences on the cerebellum and cerebral hemispheres rCBF. These remote effects are related to lesions of the main pathways joining these structures, resulting in deactivation and, in some cases, overactivation. Contrary to what has been suggested, consequences on cerebral hemispheres are more severe in mixed cerebellar and brain stem infarcts than in pure cerebellar lesions.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Employee exposure to coworker substance use and negative consequences: the moderating effects of work group membership.

The current study assesses: (1) whether the relationship between individual exposure to coworker substance use and negative consequences resulting from exposure depends on work group membership, and (2) whether group-level characteristics moderate the relationship between exposure and consequences. At the group-level, we assessed occupations involving safety risk or high mobility and social factors of drinking climate and group cohesiveness. We conducted Hierarchical Linear Modeling (HLM) across two samples of municipal employees (ns = 650, 878; n of groups = 50, 49). Our results revealed that groups with higher proportions of jobs involving risk (e.g., machine work) and, to a lesser extent, groups with a higher level of drinking climate were those most vulnerable to consequences under conditions of exposure. Importantly, our findings controlled for individual risk factors (e.g., personal drinking, job stress). Our discussion examines the implications of this study for theory and policy related to workplace substance abuse.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Consequences of peritonitis episodes appearing late during peritoneal dialysis (PD) in patients able to continue PD.

The lack of specific information on the peritoneal-function consequences of late peritonitis episodes, and the concern about long-term consequences of peritoneal dialysis (PD), have prompted us to study the peritoneal function of long-term PD patients after a late peritonitis episode. The question is: Is the peritoneum more vulnerable to infections, in terms of functional effects, after a long time on PD? Forty-nine patients observed from baseline to the first year of PD with no peritonitis constituted the "early" control group; 31 other patients had one episode of peritonitis in the same period. Twenty-seven patients with no peritonitis from the fourth to fifth years comprised the "late" control group; 15 other patients had one episode during the same period. The results presented here suggest that peritoneal vulnerability to infectious episodes depends on the PD stage in which they appeared. Certainly, episodes with similar aggressive capacity in terms of inflammation duration (3-4 days) happening during the fifth year led to a loss of ultrafiltration (UF) capacity that does not appear in patients who suffer an episode during the first PD year. A remarkable feature is that this UF-capacity decrease is not accompanied by the usual creatinine mass transfer coefficient increase. This fact suggests that the dependence between peritoneal-glucose-gradient maintenance and water transport has been partially modified over time on PD. In conclusion, late mild peritonitis has distinct peritoneal-function consequences relative to early peritonitis. Patients who continue PD after one late episode showed an accentuation of the usual change which happens on long-term PD, the loss of peritoneal ultrafiltration capacity.

Creatinine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Causes and consequences of elderly's agitated and aggressive behavior].

Agitation and aggressiveness are frequent in the elderly and often related to dementia. As a result of the ageing of the general population this is becoming a major public health concern. No or little epidemiological data, during primary health care, about symptoms, co-morbidity, nor medical and social consequences of elderlys' disruptive behavior have been gathered or published in the French literature. Thus, in order to describe these disorders, a survey in cooperation with general practitioners (GP) was conducted. A representative sample of 212 French GP's, all with preferential geriatric activity were asked to conduct a study by including retrospectively their two most recent patients older than 65, who had exhibited agitation and/or aggressiveness. From this cross sectional study, 410 patients (female: 61%, male: 39%) were included. The mean age was 81 years (sd: 7.65). The patients suffered from change in verbal behavior (80%), verbal aggressiveness (71%), physical agitation (60%), wandering (48%), and/or physical aggressiveness (31%). The average of disruptive behavior symptoms per patient was 2.9. The symptoms appeared progressively in 81% of patients, the mean duration was two years and it was the first episode in 40% of patients. Disruptive behaviors may be explained in view of organic illness in 62% of patients (cardiovascular disease: 37%, neurologic: 12%, diabetes: 7%, dehydratation: 5%), dementia (Alzheimer disease: 20%, vascular dementia: 18%, mixed dementia: 14%). In 54% of patients disruptive behavior may be explained in view of depression: 34%, and anxiety disorder: 31%. A triggering factor was observed in 57% of cases (psychosocial stress: 39%). Somatic consequences of the symptoms were frequently identified: decrease of alimentary intake: 39%, weight loss: 27%, dehydratation: 11%, falls: 32%, and irregular medication intake: 31%. Limitation of daily life activities: 85%, and family life: 97% were also noted. Acceptability of patient's symptoms by the family was good (no discomfort or transitory and mild irritability) in 61% of cases, and very bad (reactions of exhaustion, hospitalization requirement) in 13%. This study carried out during primary care, showed that the elderly's disruptive behaviors cause severe medical consequences and familial and social distress.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2001

[The pathological and clinical consequences of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion].

Comprehensive studies investigating clinical, biochemical and pathomorphological consequences of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion were carried out only in recent years. Despite of different pathological processes resulting in chronic reductions of cerebral blood flow, the pathophysiological, biochemical and pathomorphological alterations and the clinical consequences are causing or modifying the pathological and clinical pictures in a similar manner. Cerebral hypoperfusion is verifiable in patients with ischaemic strokes, in diseases characterised by mild or serious cognitive impairment and in dementias of vascular or of degenerative origins, even it can be shown in normal ageing. This review gives a summary of pathophysiological, pathomorphological and clinical consequences of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion, and the role of that in evolution and persistence of cognitive disturbances.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

Translocation of amino acids in the xylem of apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) trees in spring as a consequence of both N remobilization and root uptake.

Nitrogen is remobilized from storage for the growth of Malus domestica leaves each spring. Seasonal patterns of N translocation in the xylem sap as a consequence of remobilization were determined in 2-year-old 'Golden delicious' trees grafted on M9 rootstocks. The trees were grown in sand culture and (15)NH(4)(15)NO(3) at 10.4 atom% abundance supplied during August-September. The following year no further N was supplied and destructive harvests were taken during bud burst and leaf growth to determine the patterns of N remobilization together with the isolation of xylem sap for an analysis of their amino acid profiles and (15)N enrichments by GC-MS. The concentration of amino acids in the xylem sap rose following bud burst, peaked at full bloom and then fell again during petal fall and fruit set. The peak in amino acid concentration corresponded with the period when the rate of N remobilization was the fastest. The majority of labelled N was recovered in Asn, Gln + Glu and Asp demonstrating that they were being translocated as a consequence of remobilization. In a second experiment, 8-year-old trees growing in an orchard were fertilized with N either in the autumn or spring. Xylem sap samples were collected in the spring and early summer and, by comparison with the amino acid profiles recovered in trees from both treatments, Asn was identified as the main compound translocated as a consequence of both remobilization and root uptake of N, although there was evidence that root uptake of N occurred later. The data are discussed in relation to quantifying the internal cycling of N in trees.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed2001

[Health consequences of the Chernobyl accident].

The Chernobyl accident in 1986 has been and still is the subject of great interest. Journalistic reports often contain exaggerations and undocumented statements and much uncertainty about the true consequences of the accident prevails in the population. This article reviews the current literature with the focus on reports from official commissions and documentation in the form of controlled studies. The fatal deterministic consequences comprise about 30 victims. The most important outcome is a marked increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer in children and adolescents in the most heavily contaminated area. Furthermore, pronounced psychosocial problems are dominant in the population of the contaminated area. Other significant and documented health consequences are not seen.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Medication errors and consequences for nursing professionals and clients: an exploratory study].

The purpose of this study was to analyzed the consequences for the patients and professionals involved in medication. The author adopted as the methodological reference the Critical Incident Technique modificated. The study was developed at a University Hospital at the state of São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected through interviews with 7 nurses, 4 nursing technicians and 23nursing auxillaries. The analysis enabled the identification consequences for the patient and consequences for the professional involved.

Humans↗
PubMed1976

[Bioecological consequences of an accidental hydrocarbon discharge on the rocky shore of the high Normandy coast. Results one year after the oil pollution on the november 26th 1974].

We have followed, during one year, the ecological consequences of an accidental oil pollution on four rocky shores of the norman coast. In the shores where the detergents have not been used, the mussels have progressively excreted the hydrocarbons accumulated in their organism ; the other fixed animals have not been changed. In the shores where the detergents have been used their spreading had not only noxious demoecological consequences, but also synecological consequences with modifications of the fixed species which have colonized the rocks. These observations prove that the use of detergents to clean the polluted shores is not without care.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Behavioral consequences of illness: childhood asthma as a model.

Several areas of research on childhood asthma are discussed within a transactional model of asthma. The model emphasizes the multidirectional influences that affect the severity of asthma and associated behavioral disability. The initial focus is on how the clinical presentation and morbidity of asthma are affected both by somatic predisposition and by interactions with multiple internal and external elements. Specific elements include emotional factors, neuroimmunology, temperament, and medication side effects. Second, the impact of asthma on the child, his or her family, and segments of the community are described, as are consequences of the disorder on quality of life. Third, there is a synopsis of preventative interventions for reducing the medical and behavioral impact of childhood asthma. The motif is that the interaction of medical and behavioral procedures can improve the management of asthma while consequences of the disorder are mollified. Finally, as examples of a transactional model of asthma, self-management programs for teaching children to become partners with their physicians in establishing and maintaining control over the disorder are described. A representative of self-management--the ACT (Asthma Care Training) program--is described, along with the impact such programs have on children, their families, and institutions. The conclusion emphasizes that asthma is a complicated and unpredictable disorder that puzzles physicians, behavioral scientists, and patients. Although new treatments may be over the horizon, controlling childhood asthma and its consequences currently rests on the cooperation and increased interaction of medical and behavioral scientists.

Asthma↗
PubMed2003

High school drinking and its consequences.

The present study surveyed 930 high school students regarding self-reported alcohol use, their perceptions of parents and peers, and the negative consequences of drinking. Two-fifths of males and one-fifth of females reported frequent problem (binge) drinking. Problem drinkers reported more negative consequences associated with drinking. In addition, problem drinkers reported greater susceptibility to peer pressure, perceived their peers as drinking more, and reported less parental monitoring and more use of alcohol by parents. The results demonstrate the importance of both parent and peer variables in adolescent substance use and highlight the negative consequences of drinking reported by high school students.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed2004

[Functional consequences and complications of surgery for female stress urinary incontinence].

OBJECTIVE: The functional consequences and complications of surgical treatment offemale stress urinary incontinence (SUI) are not systematically reported in clinical trials. The authors present a practical review of the results of the surgical techniques most frequently used for the treatment of SUI. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An exhaustive literature search concerning the various surgical techniques for female SUI, their results, and their complications, was performed using MEDLINE (1966-2003) and the PUBMED search engine. Some papers presented by expert teams at international congresses were also included. In view of the diversity and weakness of the published results, a specific classification of the consequences of this surgery was adopted, comprising treatment failures, immediate (0 to 48 hours), early (before 6 weeks) and late (after 6 weeks) surgical complications, and impact on quality of life. RESULTS: The best long-term success rate was observed for bladder neck slings. Prolene suburethral sling is a new promising technique, with an objective cure rate of more than 80%, but the publishedfollow-up does not exceed 3 years. Immediate complications included intraoperative bleeding, retropubic haematoma, urinary tract lesions, intestinal lesions, and complications related to the operative position. Early complications consisted of infections, pubic osteomyelitis, urinary fistula, sequelae of nerve lesions, and transient postoperative urinary retention. Late complications were induced voiding disorders, including dysuria, chronic urinary retention and detrusor instability, de novo genital prolapse, sexual disorders, chronic pain, chronic urinary tract infections and complications related to the use of biomaterials, including screws, synthetic tape, and artificial urinary sphincter. The quality of life after SUI surgery, although only rarely studied, was globally and constantly improved. CONCLUSION: This review of the literature shows that no operation presents satisfactory results for all patients. Knowledge of the functional consequences and complications, although interesting, does not have any real value for the choice of a particular operation. Patient information implies mastery of all techniques and the choice of treatment must be determined case by case. This review provides a classified system of validated and detailed information, essentialfor the information of candidates for this functional surgery.

Biocompatible Materials↗