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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

A randomized trial comparing the effectiveness and preference of a touch-screen computer system with a leaflet for providing women with information on urinary symptoms suggestive of detrusor instability.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate how well women learned and retained information given to them by either a leaflet or a computer-generated information system, and which system they preferred to use for obtaining information about urinary symptoms. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Forty women answered 11 questions on the aetiology, investigation and treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms. They were then randomized to use one of the information systems for 20 min, after which they answered the same urological questions. The women then crossed over to use the other information system for 20 min and afterwards completed a preference questionnaire. RESULTS: The mean baseline scores from a possible total of 11 were 3.9 and 4.3 for the computer and leaflet groups, respectively. The mean improvements in scores were 3.6 (P < 0.001) and 2.8 (P < 0.001) for the computer and leaflet groups, respectively. Both information systems were well liked by all of the women and 26 (65%) said they would prefer to use a computer-generated system in the future if given a choice. CONCLUSIONS: Women significantly increased their knowledge of urinary problems after using a computer-generated information system or a leaflet. Although there were few subjects, there appeared to be a trend for the computer system to be both better liked and slightly more effective.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Good Automated Laboratory Practices and other standards: validation of computer systems in the PC environment.

In summary, the validation of purchased software and add-on programs requires careful examination of the situation to determine the most effective and logical methods. A standard validation methodology that is used for larger systems would be difficult and possibly dangerous to employ for a PC system because of the significant differences between the environments. It should be noted, however, that there are almost daily changes in the computer software industry. A number of potential solutions have emerged over the past few years that can be applied to reduce the concerns caused by the apparently insufficient controls in the PC environment. For example, currently available technologies would permit multiple PC users to access a secure central application or repository of data and prevent them from making changes to a validated system or database. A properly designed system could enable these distributed users to use the data to perform their required functions, while maintaining a validated state.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1990

Knowledge-based computer systems for radiotherapy planning.

Radiation therapy is one of the first areas of clinical medicine to utilize computers in support of routine clinical decision making. The role of the computer has evolved from simple dose calculations to elaborate interactive graphic three-dimensional simulations. These simulations can combine external irradiation from megavoltage photons, electrons, and particle beams with interstitial and intracavitary sources. With the flexibility and power of modern radiotherapy equipment and the ability of computer programs that simulate anything the machinery can do, we now face a challenge to utilize this capability to design more effective radiation treatments. How can we manage the increased complexity of sophisticated treatment planning? A promising approach will be to use artificial intelligence techniques to systematize our present knowledge about design of treatment plans, and to provide a framework for developing new treatment strategies. Far from replacing the physician, physicist, or dosimetrist, artificial intelligence-based software tools can assist the treatment planning team in producing more powerful and effective treatment plans. Research in progress using knowledge-based (AI) programming in treatment planning already has indicated the usefulness of such concepts as rule-based reasoning, hierarchical organization of knowledge, and reasoning from prototypes. Problems to be solved include how to handle continuously varying parameters and how to evaluate plans in order to direct improvements.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2000

[Audiobase--a computer system for monitoring and analyzing audiometric data in clinical and ambulatory practice].

The amount of data in the field of otorhinolaryngology has rapidly increased in proportion to the growing number of patients. It is a very important issue to preserve their records and make them easily available. Authors present a computer-based system for monitoring audiometric data of hearing impaired persons named Audiobase. The main elements of this system as: the personal data, otoscopic and audiometric examination have been described. This system was created to be used by staff without computer skills and therefore is largely "icon-driven". The main functions include patient record creation, update, and retrieval, as well as the generating of reports and graphical presentations. The system has already provided useful research material and is now beginning to fulfill an even more important role in patient follow-up and in evaluation of alternative treatment protocols.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed1982

Computer systems for facilitating management of the critically ill.

The Shock Research Unit has applied computer technology to the care of the critically ill and injured patient since 1961. The requirements for patient monitoring were initially explored with a process control computer (IBM) 1710). In the current system, a Xerox Sigma-5 computer is utilized for monitoring EKG, hemodynamic, respiratory, and biochemical signals. Electronic preprocessing increases the efficiency and speed of data acquisition and signal analysis. Provisions are made for recording narrative data as part of a commitment to evolve an automated patient record. Bedside displays include both tabular and graphic summaries of patient status and trends. A computer accessible archive of patient files is maintained. Clinical operation of the system has been facilitated by automation of afferent and efferent functions including flushing of catheters, servo-calibration of pressure measuring systems, automated urine collection and disposal, and computer controlled infusion of fluids and medications. We anticipate the continuing development of automated afferent and efferent components for feedback control of ventilators by automated sampling and measurement of arterial blood gases and infusion of fluids and medications in response to changes in monitored hemodynamic variables. Such automation, together with medical intelligence for priority alarms and interpretive displays, hold promise of increasingly potent and cost-effective systems to facilitate and improve care of the critically ill or injured patient.

Blood Gas Analysis↗