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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Changes on the stroop test following treatment: relation to word type, treatment condition, and treatment outcome among women with bulimia nervosa.

OBJECTIVE: To examine changes in speed of information processing on a modification of the Stroop color-naming task following cognitive-behavior therapy (CBT) and to evaluate whether changes are associated with word type, treatment condition, or treatment response. METHOD: Subjects were 98 women aged between 17 and 45 years with a current primary diagnosis of bulimia nervosa who were participating in a randomized clinical trial evaluating CBT. Data were available on all relevant variables for 98 women. Speed of information processing was assessed at pretreatment and posttreatment using a modification of the Stroop color-naming paradigm. RESULTS: Significant main effects were found for the factors time (pretreatment vs. posttreatment) and word type (food/body words vs. color words, food/body words vs. control words). Predicted interactions between time and word type were not identified. DISCUSSION: Changes in information processing speed over treatment were not specifically associated with word type, treatment condition, or treatment response. Consequently, the utility of the modified Stroop paradigm as a measure of change over time for bulimia nervosa is questioned.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Influence of PUVA therapy on dermoscopic features of acquired melanocytic nevi.

The aim of the present study was to investigate whether PUVA therapy can induce changes in the dermoscopic image of acquired melanocytic nevi. In this study, 28 acquired melanocytic nevi of 14 patients undergoing PUVA therapy were examined. Two nevi of morphologically similar features were selected in each patient. During UVA radiation, 14 nevi were protected from UVA exposure and 14 nevi were left unprotected. Before and after 3 months of PUVA therapy, all nevi were documented under standardized conditions by means of a Dermaphot apparatus. Color dermoscopic images of all nevi were examined by two investigators for size, color and structural features (pigment network-streaks, brown globules, black dots). After PUVA therapy, an increase in size (p < 0.05 in protected nevi and p < 0.01 in unprotected nevi) and a general color darkening (p < 0.01 for both groups) were documented in both groups. While significant structural changes (broadness of pigment network, formation of focal branched streaks, increasing in number and size of brown globules) were detected in unprotected nevi (p < 0.05), no significant changes were in protected nevi (p > 0.05).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Photothermal effects on murine mammary tumors using indocyanine green and an 808-nm diode laser: an in vivo efficacy study.

Murine mammary tumors were treated using indocyanine green and an 808 nm diode laser, and the in vivo chromophore-enhanced photothermal effects on the tumor burden and on tumor rat survival were investigated. The power of the laser was selected in the range of 5-10 W, and irradiation duration 3-5 min. One percent aqueous indocyanine green solution in a volume of 100-200 microliters was administered in situ, either acutely or 24 h prior to the treatment. The photothermal interaction was apparent under all our treatment conditions with a well-defined spatial containment in this study and the tumor growth was slowed after treatment. The post-treatment observation showed tumor recurrence and metastasis; no long-term survival was achieved with the single application of laser in conjunction with indocyanine green. Our results pose a question on the efficacy of the photothermal interaction even though tumor cell destruction can be achieved in a large and controlled scale. However, this highly selective photothermal impact on the tumor tissue did suggest that this method be applied repeatedly to be more effective and be used as the precursor of other modalities, such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and surgery.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Non-invasive vascular imaging of peripheral vessels.

The purpose of this review is to describe recent advances in non-invasive vascular imaging techniques and to discuss their current clinical applications for imaging of peripheral vessels. Principles for applying ultrasound, CT angiography (CTA), and magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) for non-invasive imaging of peripheral arteries and veins are presented. Clinical applications are reviewed for different vascular diseases, therapy planning, and follow-up studies. Conventional Doppler and color duplex sonography are the most cost-effective procedures to detect or rule out peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) and to provide specific recommendations for therapy. In the near future, contrast-enhanced MRA (CE MRA) with additional axial two-dimensional time-of-flight studies to search for non-anatomic runoff will replace diagnostic intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (DSA) for planning of reconstructive surgery with acquisition slabs displaying projections similar to intra-arterial DSA. Color duplex sonography should also be the first non-invasive technique applied for the detection of peripheral aneurysms. Preoperative or preinterventional therapy planning of aneurysms may be performed by CTA or CE MRA. Compression ultrasound is the imaging procedure of choice in deep venous thrombosis (DVT). In the preoperative assessment of venous incompetence, color duplex sonography is the imaging technique which is sufficient in most cases.

Aneurysm↗
PubMedDate not supplied

"Color Your Life:" an assessment and treatment strategy for children.

The "Color Your Life" technique, a form of play therapy, is designed to help children become aware of the range of feelings possible, to talk about their own feelings and to move from action to verbal forms of expression. In this article, the authors describe the technique and its variations, and provide examples of its application in both assessment and treatment contexts.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed2004

[A neuro-ophthalmological analysis in 80 cases of multiple sclerosis].

We report clinical features of ocular symptoms in 80 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Serial 80 patients with MS had been admitted to our Neurology Ward at Nihon University Itabashi Hospital from April 1980 to October 2003. All patients were also examined by our neuro-ophthalmologists. Ocular symptoms were observed in 49 patients, and 14 patients were male and 35 were female. Patients' age at onset varied from 17 to 51 years old, with the average being 31.2 +/- 4.2 years. Observation period were 6 months to15 years, and average 5.4 +/- 1.4 years. In visual symptoms, retrobulbar optic neuritis was observed in 33 eyes of 26 patients. On the first attack of retrobulbar optic neuritis, 25 eyes showed a corrected visual acuity of less than 0.1. After corticosteroid therapy, a corrected visual acuity improved more than 1.0 in 17 eyes. Optic atrophy was observed in 22 eyes and color blindness in 16 eyes. On the second attack of retrobulbar optic neuritis on the same eyes, 6 of 9 eyes showed a corrected visual acuity of less than 0.1 after corticosteroid therapy. Optic atrophy and color blindness were confirmed in all eyes. Homonymous hemianopia was detected in 2 female patients and completely resolved after corticosteroid therapy. On the other hand, ocular motor symptoms were observed in 29 patients. Internuclear ophthalmoplegia was detected in 18 patients, nystagmus in 5, abducens nerve palsy in 5, skew deviation in 5, one-and-a-half syndrome in 2, gaze palsy in 2 and ocular myoclonus in 1. In all except one patient with primary position downbeat nystagmus, ocular myoclonus and bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia, these symptoms improved completely within 8 weeks after corticosteroid therapy. We emphasize that cooperation of neurologist and ophthalmologist plays an important role for clinical evaluation of MS patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[Cortisone jet injection as therapy of hypertrophic scars and keloids].

Intralesional steroid injection in the treatment of hypertrophic scars and keloids has been well known for many years. In order to determine whether this therapy can still be recommended, 57 patients with hypertrophic scars or keloids received high-pressure injections of triamcinolon acetonide (Dermojet). 50% of the cases showed significant improvement with respect to scar color, itching and scar elevation. Thus, triamcinolon acetonide therapy is indicated in particular cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Vesico-ureteral reflux: diagnosis and staging with voiding color Doppler US: preliminary experience.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to assess the accuracy of a new US examination: 'voiding color Doppler US ' in the early diagnosis and staging of vesico-ureteral reflux (VUR). The contrast agent US was SH U 508A (Levovist, Schering, Berlin), which produces a chromatic accentuation of the signals picked up by the color Doppler US. Eighteen patients (10 females, eight males) were recruited for the study. In two patients a second examination was performed for follow-up after a VUR conservative therapy. All patients were taken under examination for the evaluation of possible VUR. In all patients the voiding color Doppler US was followed by voiding cystourethrography (VCUG) and the data obtained were compared. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 18 patients aged between 3 months and 10 years, were recruited for the study. The results of the examination were the following: urinary tract infections, follow-up of VUR after conservative or surgical therapy, miscellaneous indications. Voiding color Doppler US was performed, followed by a VCUG. The voiding color Doppler US consists in the trans-catheter introduction of a contrast agent SHU 508 A (Levovist, Schering, Ag. Berlin) into the bladder and a subsequent test with the color Doppler US to show or exclude the presence of reflux into the ureters and/or into the pyelo-caliceal cavity of the kidneys. After the introduction of the contrast agent US the ultrasound scanning of the bladder, the ureters and the pyelo-caliceal cavity was performed to examine the reflux degree. The ultrasonographic investigations were perfomed with AU 590 asyncronus US (Esaote Biomedica, Genova) with a 3.5 MHz convex probe. RESULTS: After the trans-catheter introduction of the contrast agent US, vesico-ureteral reflux occured in 13 patients (77.2%). The reflux degree was also measured by means of ultrasound and was later confirmed by VCUG. The mean times of each examination were as follows: initial US, 10 min; catheterization, 8 min; voiding color Doppler US, 15 min; overall VCURG examination 10 min. The overall mean duration of the voiding color Doppler US examination was 33 min. The comparable mean time for VCUG, including the catheterization time, was 20 min. No reactions of intolerance to the ultrasound contrast agent occurred. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: The voiding color Doppler US test has evidenced in all patients the presence of the contrast agent US in the bladder after the introduction. In 13 patients (77.2%) with presence of VUR, the voiding color Doppler US test has established the reflux degree confirmed by cystourethrography. The superimposability of the data obtained with voiding color Doppler US and VCUG would seem to confirm the importance of this new ultrasonographic technique in the diagnosis and staging of VUR.

Child↗
PubMed1994

The response of burn scars to intralesional verapamil. Report of five cases.

Postburn dermal scars can be aesthetically disfiguring and severely disabling. Existing medical and surgical strategies to prevent or to treat scars are all too often disappointing. More effective strategies are needed. It has been postulated that cell membrane calcium channel blockers could potentially trigger extracellular matrix degradation in dermal scars, resulting in scar volume reduction. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of intralesional verapamil hydrochloride therapy, 0.1 to 0.5 mmol/L, on scar volume and color in patients with burns. Our study chronicles five reports on arbitrarily selected clinical cases of hypertrophic burn scarring and the effect of therapy with intralesional verapamil. The cellular functions and processes explaining this effect are discussed. There were no significant side effects or complications from the verapamil therapy. It is now clear that regulation of fibroblast calcium metabolism is a safe and often effective strategy to treat hypertrophic scars. To our knowledge, this is the first clinical report of control of burn scar with calcium channel blockers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Visual function is stable in patients who continue long-term vigabatrin therapy: implications for clinical decision making.

PURPOSE: Vigabatrin (VGB) has been shown to cause visual field constriction and other forms of mild visual dysfunction. We determined the safety of continuing VGB therapy in patients who had received prolonged treatment (>2 years) with the drug by serially monitoring changes in visual function over a 1-year period of continued therapy. We also followed up patients who discontinued VGB to see whether alternative therapies are effective. METHODS: Fifteen of 17 patients who continued VGB therapy had visual-function testing (visual acuity, color vision, kinetic and static perimetry) every 3 months for 1 year. Eighteen patients who discontinued VGB were given alternative antiepileptic drugs (AEDs); their seizure responses were measured after > or =3 months of treatment. RESULTS: Patients continuing VGB showed no worsening of visual acuity, color vision, or visual-field constriction beyond that measured in the initial test. Many patients who discontinued VGB had good seizure control with either newer or previously unsuccessful AEDs. CONCLUSIONS: For patients who have an excellent response to VGB and only mild visual changes, continued therapy may be safe with close visual monitoring. Patients who do not have a significant reduction in seizures or who experience considerable visual dysfunction with VGB may respond well to alternative therapies.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Characterization of superior sagittal sinus blood flow velocity using color flow Doppler in neonates and infants.

The objective of the investigation was to determine what effect intracranial pathology has on alterations of superior sagittal sinus blood flow, and to determine the role of color flow Doppler imaging of the superior sagittal sinus in the diagnosis of intracranial pathology in the neonate and infant. One hundred examinations were performed prospectively in 96 patients. The velocity was determined with an angle correction at 30-60 degrees and was obtained with and without gentle transducer compression. Superior sagittal sinus thrombosis was identified in two patients by the absence of flow. Multiple t-tests for independent measures showed no clinically significant differences between flow velocities with regard to intracranial hemorrhage, ventriculomegaly, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy or prematurity. The authors conclude that color flow Doppler can accurately diagnose superior sagittal sinus thrombosis and may be used to screen high risk neonates such as those with thrombosis elsewhere or those treated with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. No clinically significant associations were found between superior sagittal sinus flow velocity and any of the parameters evaluated in this study.

Blood Flow Velocity↗
PubMed2000

Normalization of CD4+ cell numbers and reduced levels of memory CD8+ cells in blood and tonsillar tissue after highly active antiretroviral therapy in early HIV type-1 infection.

Antiretroviral therapy increases the number of both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the blood of HIV-1-positive patients with advanced disease. In the present study, we have examined the kinetics of CD4+ and CD8+ T cell restoration in blood and lymphoid tissue in asymptomatic HIV-1-positive individuals with high CD4+ cell counts during highly active antiretroviral treatment. Tonsillar biopsies and blood samples were collected at baseline and at regular intervals during the following 48 weeks and from HIV-1-negative controls. Mononuclear cells from blood and tonsils were phenotyped and quantified by three-color flow cytometry. After 48 weeks of therapy, blood CD4+ cell counts in the HIV-1-infected group were comparable to those found in uninfected controls. Naive CD4+ T cells in blood increased during the initial 2 weeks in parallel with reduced plasma viremia. Both naive and memory CD4+ T cells in blood reached normal numbers by week 48, whereas the CD4+ naive/memory cell ratio in tonsils was within normal range throughout the study. The level of memory CD8+ T cells in blood declined during the first 8 weeks in parallel with a reduction in the tonsillar memory CD8+ T cells. Naive CD8+ T cells in the blood increased after 4 weeks, while the level of naive CD8+ T cells in tonsils remained unaltered. Our data indicate that in the early stages of HIV-1 infection antiretroviral therapy normalizes CD4+ cell counts and causes a decrease in the level of memory CD8+ cells in blood and lymphoid tissue, suggesting reduced CD8+ cell turnover in response to reduced viral replication.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The mechanism of decrease in dynamic mitral regurgitation during heart failure treatment: importance of reduction in the regurgitant orifice size.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to quantify and characterize the regurgitant flow pattern and regurgitant orifice area in patients undergoing therapy for severe heart failure using contemporary echocardiographic techniques. BACKGROUND: Mitral regurgitation may be dynamic in patients with heart failure and ultimately correlate with outcome in a group of patients. METHODS: Fourteen patients with severe heart failure felt to require hemodynamic monitoring for the optimization of medical therapy were enrolled. Two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiograms were performed before and following invasively guided therapy. Hemodynamics and standard echocardiographic dimensions were determined as well as regurgitant volume and regurgitant orifice area derived from color M-mode and Doppler measurements. RESULTS: Invasively guided therapy for heart failure was associated with a reduction in weight, filling pressures of the left and right heart, systemic vascular resistance, and echocardiographic left atrial, left ventricular and mitral annular dimensions. The mitral regurgitant volume decreased from 47+/-27 ml before therapy to 14+/-14 ml after therapy; p < 0.001. While therapy for heart failure markedly attenuated the volume of regurgitation, the pattern of regurgitant flow across the mitral valve was not significantly altered. In contrast, there was no difference in the velocity time integral of the continuous-wave Doppler spectra of mitral regurgitation with therapy (128+/-23 cm to 123+/-25 cm, p = 0.23). In all patients, the regurgitant orifice area decreased with therapy from 0.55+/-0.38 cm2 to 0.21+/-0.20 cm2 (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacologic reduction in filling pressure and systemic vascular resistance leads to a reduction in the dynamic mitral regurgitation of heart failure through a reduction in the regurgitant orifice area but not through a change in the gradient across the mitral valve. Reduction of the regurgitant orifice area is likely related to decreased left ventricular volumes and decreased annular distention.

Echocardiography, Doppler↗
PubMed2000

Treatment-resistant expansion of CD8+CD28-cells in pediatric HIV infection.

There is a disease stage-dependent loss of CD28 expression on T cells in HIV-infected children. In this study, T cell recovery, in particular CD28 expression on T cells, was analyzed after initiation of highly active antiretroviral therapy in a group of eight mostly treatment-naive HIV-infected children. Plasma HIV-RNA levels were recorded, and numbers of CD4, CD8, CD4+CD28+, and CD8+CD28+ cells were determined by two-color flow cytometry. Values after 12 mo of therapy were compared with age-matched, seronegative control subjects. CD4 recovery to subnormal values was observed in all children. CD8+CD28+ cells recovered and were within the normal range after 12 mo of therapy (patients, 703 +/- 250 cells/microL; controls, 789 +/- 269 cells/microL), whereas CD8+CD28- cells (546 +/- 269 cells/microL) remained significantly expanded compared with age-matched controls (140 +/- 35 cells/microL). Expansions of CD8+CD28- cells persisted even in cases with long-term suppression of viral replication. Highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children induces substantial but incomplete T cell recovery.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Tumor mapping: new rationales, adjusted techniques, expanded applications.

Eleven consecutive patients with cancers of the oropharynx (4), hypopharynx (4), and oral cavity (3) were endoscoped and "tumor mapped" with a modified tattoo solution before beginning non-surgical antineoplastic therapy. The tattooed outlines were clearly visible at 7 weeks (5 patients after induction chemotherapy); at 14 weeks (2 patients after induction chemotherapy and radiotherapy); and between 12 and 16 weeks (4 patients after radiotherapy). The "tumor mapping" aided both the establishment of appropriate resection margins in cancers that had diminished in response to non-surgical therapy and the recognition of a tumor's lack of response to nonsurgical antineoplastic treatment.

Carbon↗
PubMed2005

Long-term treatment with vaginal estradiol tablets--an impact on uterine artery blood flow.

OBJECTIVE: We investigated, using color Doppler ultrasound, possible detectable blood changes of prolonged treatment with 17-beta-estradiol tablets on uterine artery blood flow, in a cohort of low risk postmenopausal women. METHODS: 39 postmenopausal women, who were taking local estrogen therapy for at least 6 months, were examined in the study group. Forty-two women who never used hormone replacement therapy consisted a control group. They were examined with color Doppler ultrasound and the pulsatility index of the uterine artery was measured. The groups were divided into three subgroups (the age, the duration of the postmenopause, and the duration of the treatment) and the data were compared among groups and within subgroups. RESULTS: The overall mean age of the patients was 66 years, the mean duration of the postmenopause was 15 years, the overall mean PI was 1.96 +/- 0.90, and the mean duration of taking vaginal estradiol tablets was 1.97 years for the study group; and 64 years, 13 years and 2.88 +/- 0.96 for the control group, respectively. There was a difference in the mean PI among groups. No significant differences in pulsatility index values in the subgroups were found. CONCLUSION: Long-term treatments with vaginal estradiol tablets in low risk women causes lowering of the uterine artery PI values compared to the women who are not receiving hormone replacement therapy.

Administration, Intravaginal↗