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Results for “Child Development Disorders, Pervasive”

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PubMed1992

[Training in motor skills and psychopathology. Climbing with psychotic children].

The author investigates learning skills in psychotic and borderline children through the physical activity of climbing. Motor skills are considered as an interaction between the subject and his/her environment. Motor learning skills have been studied throughout 6 training sessions in rock-climbing. Etho-clinical methods of investigation allow to assess behaviors and the meaning given by the subject to different forms of action. The author emphasizes here the pleasure/anxiety dimensions of this activity. Results show remarkable learning skills in these children. Significant increase in motor activity and in the height reached point to an obvious integrity of the mechanisms necessary to motor acquisitions. These results are closely linked with the characteristics of rock climbing, a sport involving clinging behaviors and leading to a mastering of the primary anxiety of loosing support.

Child↗
PubMed1992

[Psychosis, mental handicap, motor handicap].

Child mental disorders have to be considered both in terms of morbid process and handicap, the two aspects entertaining a dialectical relationship. The authors support this opinion through a nationwide epidemiological study of mental deficiency and by a long term follow-up case.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

[A magnetoencephalographic study of generalised developmental disorders. A new proposal for their classification].

INTRODUCTION: Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) is a term that is not included in DSM IV or in ICD 10, which are the diagnostic tools most commonly used by clinical professionals but can offer problems in research when it comes to finding homogenous groups. DEVELOPMENT: From a neuropaediatric point of view, there is a need for a classification of the generalised disorders affecting development and for this purpose we used Wing's triad, which defines the continuum of the autistic spectrum, and the information provided by magnetoencephalography (MEG) as grouping elements. Specific generalised developmental disorders were taken as being those syndromes that partially expressed some autistic trait, but with their own personality so that they could be considered to be a specific disorder. ASD were classified as being primary, cryptogenic or secondary. The primary disorders, in turn, express a continuum that ranges from Savant syndrome to Asperger's syndrome and the different degrees of early infantile autism. MEG is a functional neuroimaging technique that has enabled us to back up this classification.

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Identification and early diagnosis of the autistic spectrum disorders].

AIM: To review the empirical evidence and recommendations for early identification and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders (ASD). DEVELOPMENT: ASD often remains unrecognized and undiagnosed until late preschool age. A significant delay of almost 3 years was reported between parents' initial concerns about their child and the age of diagnosis. Some research provides further evidence that signs of ASD are evident in the first 2 years of life. The importance of early diagnosis is that it opens the door to early intervention programs which are essentials for the future of these children. Early diagnosis can be facilitated most effectively if early detection is made possible. Progress has recently been made in the earlier identification of children with ASD. Recent researches have identified early behavioural difficulties in social reciprocity, joint attention, theory of mind, gaze engagement, social referencing and hypersensitivity to sound. Professionals need to be aware and sensitive to these behavioural patterns. Their identification would increase the likelihood of a reliable early diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: At present, it is possible to make earlier diagnosis of ASD. It is important that health and education professionals in childhood know several early manifestations of ASD.

Child↗
PubMed2005

[A cross-sectional study on prevalance and risk factors of disabilities in aged 0-6 years children in Beijing, China].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the epidemiological status of disabilities on vision impairment (VI), hearing loss (HL), mental retardation (MR), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and motor disorder (MD) in aged 0-6 years old children in Beijing. METHODS: A total of 28 738 children under 7 years old were recruited from permanent residents of Beijing City by 2-phase cluster sampling. The screening procedure was 2-phase, and the diagnosis criteria were developed by the experts group. RESULTS: The overall disability rate was 11.45 per thousand (95 % CI:10.22-12.68). The false negative rates in HL and ASD were 0.14 per thousand, 0.80 per thousand, respectively, with a adjusted overall rate of 12.19per thousand. The prevalence rates of different kind disabilities from high to low were MR 9.31per thousand, MD 2.12per thousand, ASD 1.53per thousand (0.73per thousand before adjusted), HL 1.04per thousand (0.91per thousand before adjusted) VI 0.73per thousand. The results of logistic regression analysis showed that the possible non-biological risk factors for those disabilities were being male, living in city area, advancing age, mother with low education, mother engaged in labor work, and family with low income. It was primarily (49.62%) those prenatal factors other them the known suspected factors that causing disabilities. CONCLUSIONS: Compared with data from a countrywide study in 1987, the overall disability rate had a mild decrease (16.36%) with the most (56.85%) appeared in HL. It is indispensable to establish a disabilities surveillance program for the early recognition and intervention of children with disabilities. It is also crucial to clarify a disability definition for children combined with their characteristics of growth and development. We strongly recommended in developing a new definition on children' disabilities and establishing new criteria according to the contents of developmental disabilities of Center for Disease Control, USA.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2006

An assessment of downward trends in neurodevelopmental disorders in the United States following removal of Thimerosal from childhood vaccines.

BACKGROUND: The US is in the midst of an epidemic of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDs). Thimerosal is an ethylmercury-containing compound added to some childhood vaccines. Several previous epidemiological studies conducted in the US have associated Thimerosal-containing vaccine (TCV) administration with NDs. MATERIAL/METHODS: An ecological study was undertaken to evaluate NDs reported to the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) from 1991 through 2004 by date of receipt and by date of vaccine administration. The NDs examined included autism, mental retardation, and speech disorders. Statistical trend analysis was employed to evaluate the effects of removal of Thimerosal on the proportion of NDs reported to VAERS. RESULTS: There was a peak in the proportion of ND reports received by VAERS in 2001-2002 and in the proportion of ND reports by date of vaccine administration in 1998. There were significant reductions in the proportion of NDs reported to VAERS as Thimerosal was begun to be removed from childhood vaccines in the US from mid-1999 onwards. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides the first epidemiological evidence showing that as Thimerosal was removed from childhood vaccines, the number of NDs has decreased in the US. The analysis techniques utilized attempted to minimize chance or bias/confounding. Additional research should be conducted to further evaluate the relationship between TCVs and NDs. This is especially true because the handling of vaccine safety data from the National Immunization Program of the CDC has been called into question by the Institute of Medicine of the National Academy of Sciences in 2005.

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive↗
PubMed1990

[Epilepsy-acquired aphasia syndrome with psychosis. Report of a case ].

We report the case of a boy whose development was normal until the age of three when regression with loss of speech occurred. Other anomalies included eating and sleep disorders, sterotyped behavior disorders, suggesting infantile psychosis. The electroencephalogram evidenced paroxysmal anomalies, particularly during sleep, with no clinical seizures. The diagnosis of epilepsia-acquired aphasia syndrome (Landau-Kleffner syndrome) was made. The psychotic disorders were not considered as a differential diagnosis but rather as intertwined with the elements of the syndrome. The relationship between acquired aphasia and psychosis are discussed.

Aphasia↗
PubMed1991

[Early disturbances of development and their impact on the goals of analysis: symbolization and the establishment of the therapeutic alliance].

The author examines some early disturbances in the capacity of some patients to become aware of their psychic and affective states. These exert a profound effect on the establishment of the treatment alliance and the ability to communicate with the analyst. She compares the difficulties sometimes encountered by child analysts, working with small children who do not communicate mainly verbally, with those encountered with adults whose awareness of their mental processes and affects reveal grave disturbances. Examples are given of patients who make extreme use of metaphor and/or symbolic enactments in the analytic situation for purposes of communication with the analyst.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Interactions of the infant with its partners: evaluation of preventive and therapeutic approaches].

Interactions between the infant and its partners are defined and described on three levels: behavior, affect, fantasy, with a special focus on the functioning of the infant. The dynamics of the parent/infant relationships are analyzed along transactional theories: the infant and its partners influence each other in a constant process of developing and changing. Together with acknowledging the baby's active role in the relation, we seek better understanding of how the infant shapes up throughout transactions. Different assessment methods of the interactions are analyzed both within a clinical framework and a research framework, and examples of assessment format are given. The transactional perspective in clinical practice with the infant introduces a new model for understanding the pathogenesis of relational disturbances. It appears necessary to conceptualize a specific nosology of interactive pathology, beyond the reference to parental or infant pathology; we thus propose a classification of interactive disturbances by integrating the three levels (behavior, affect, fantasy). The aim of this investigation of interactions, based on an attempt to synthetize anglo-saxon and european research in the field, is to outline a new perspective in clinical concepts and practice which is not solely focused on the description of behaviors in infant interactions with its partners. This viewpoint, resolutely psychopathological in its orientation, implies an empathic approach which leads to important therapeutic changes and legitimizes early preventive interventions.

Affect↗
PubMed1991

[Epidemiological study of maternal depression as a risk factor in the developing of early childhood psychosis].

After reviewing epidemiological literature on the relationships between depression in parents and onset of a psychiatric disturbance in children as well as investigations of the interactions between a depressed mother and her infant, the authors discuss the psychoanalytical concepts of these interactions and the findings of their research. This epidemiological research is based on the assumption that depression in the mother during pregnancy and the first few months of the post-partum constitutes a risk factor for the onset of an early psychosis in the child. This research is a comparative study between a group of mothers with early onset psychotic children and a group of mothers with non patient children, the age and sex of the children in both groups being equally distributed. The methodology includes two instruments aimed at a retrospective assessment of mothers' depression: the SADS-LA questionnaire and a standardized scoring system for semi-structured interviews investigating the mother's feelings during pregnancy and early development of her baby. Results show that there is a statistically significant relationship between a major depressive condition in the mother during pregnancy and/or during the first year of the infant's life and the onset of an autism in the child. It might be that major depressive conditions starting before delivery could by themselves account for the risk. Depression in the mother therefore constitutes a risk factor for early psychosis, the relative risk being about four. This study also emphasizes particular features of the mother's depressive conditions: difficulties to accept the real child, difficulties in perceiving the infant's psychic evolution, decrease of interactive skills. The statistically significant relationship in no way points to a linear causal relationship, which hypothesis seems to be negated by the statistical findings of this research.

Child Development Disorders, Pervasive↗