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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

Immunohistochemical localization of collagenous components in healthy periodontal tissues of the rat and marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). I. Distribution of collagen types I and III.

The distribution of collagen types I and III was demonstrated in healthy periodontal tissues of the rat and marmoset using immunofluorescent localization after decalcification of the maxillae and mandiblae in 0.2 N HCl. An intense fluorescence in the alveolar bone and cementum matrix, as well as in the soft periodontal tissue, was demonstrated with anti-collagen type I antibodies. In the gingival connective tissue and in the periodontal ligament thick fibers of collagen type I could be observed. The fluorescent reaction in the rat periodontal ligament was not strong in comparison to the marmoset periodontal ligament. Sharpey's fibers, inserting into the cementum and alveolar bone, were also stained. On the other hand, collagen type III could not be demonstrated in the hard periodontal tissues, but could be in the bone marrow stroma and the incremental lines as well as around the Sharpey's fibers of the cementum, in accordance to previous studies. In the gingival connective tissue a strong staining was evident, especially near the basement membrane. The periodontal ligament showed an intense fluorescence that was, in some areas, continuous with Sharpey's fibers inserting into the cementum. The distribution of collagen types I and III was demonstrated with immunohistochemical techniques in the rat and marmoset periodontium. These results provide necessary information on healthy tissues that will be required for future studies on the effects of pathological, reparative and regenerative processes.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1998

Changes in lymphoid tissue after treatment with a gonadotropin releasing hormone antagonist in the neonatal marmoset (Callithrix jacchus).

PROBLEM: The effect of neonatal treatment with a gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonist on the morphology and distribution of lymphocytes in lymphoid tissue of the infant marmoset was examined. METHOD OF STUDY: From a screened panel of antihuman antibodies for specific immune cells, antibodies for the CD20 and CD3 antigens showed excellent reactivity with marmoset tissue. Five sets of marmoset twins were treated with either the GnRH antagonist or a vehicle from birth, and were euthanized at 7 to 9 (3 sets) or 16 to 20 weeks (2 sets) of age. The spleen, thymus, and inguinal lymph nodes from each animal were processed for immunocytochemistry, and the number of cells expressing the CD20 and CD3 antigens were quantified. RESULTS: Control twins exhibited high plasma levels of testosterone, characteristic of the neonatal period, whereas testosterone concentrations were reduced (P = 0.001) to detection limits in the GnRH antagonist-treated twins. Microscopic evaluation suggested that treatment reduced the volume and cellularity of the thymic cortex, resulting in a decrease in the cortical-to-medullary ratio. Treatment reduced (P = 0.046) the number of thymocytes expressing the B-cell antigen (CD20) and marginally lowered (P = 0.067) the number expressing the T-cell antigen (CD3) in the thymic medulla. In the spleens of treated animals, periarterial lymphatic sheaths were less prominent on microscopic examination, and there were marginally fewer (P = 0.064) CD3+ cells. Numbers of CD20+ lymphocytes in the peripheral white pulp of the spleen and in the germinal centers of the lymph nodes, or CD3+ cells in the paracortex and germinal centers of the lymph nodes, were not altered by treatment. CONCLUSION: Neonatal treatment with a GnRH antagonist may alter maturational processes for B and T cells in the thymus and spleen of the marmoset and may deprive the immune system of its normal sensitivity to GnRH at a potentially critical time in development.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Behavioral and single chorda tympani taste fiber responses in the common marmoset, Callithrix jacchus jacchus.

Gustatory responses of the common marmoset were studied using single fiber recordings from chorda tympani (CT) nerve and two bottle preference (TBP) tests. Hierarchical cluster analysis of 43 fibers' response profiles revealed 3 major clusters of fibers characterized by predominant sensitivity to sweeteners (S cluster), bitter compounds (Q cluster) or acids (H cluster). NaCl as well as LiCl did not stimulate CT taste fibers. The TBP tests showed relationship between a compound's ability to stimulate the taste fibers and the animals' consumption. Activity in the S cluster was associated with preference, while the activity in the Q cluster was associated with rejection. Marmosets neither preferred nor rejected sweeteners which did not stimulate any CT fibers.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Sexual behavior and extragroup copulations in a wild population of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus).

Sexual behavior and mating patterns are described for 3 free-ranging groups of common marmosets living in a coastal forest in northeastern Brazil. Each group contained 2 breeding females. Within groups, sexual behavior was generally restricted to breeding females and a single behaviorally dominant male. Of 101 mounts and copulations, 24 involved pairings of individuals from 2 different groups. Extragroup sexual behavior was performed by both breeding and nonbreeding group members, and 65% of all adults mounted or copulated with an extragroup individual at least once. Sexual behavior occurred throughout the female reproductive cycle but was significantly more frequent during an 11-day 'conception period'. Thus, while female marmosets show no physical signs of estrus, both males and females likely do have some information about the timing of ovulation. Mating patterns in this population included both polygyny and monogamy and varied between groups and over time.

Animals↗
PubMed2002

Central olfactory connections in the microsmatic marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus).

The mammalian primary olfactory system consists of a set of different telencephalic structures, including paleo-, archi-, periarchi- and mesocortical components. We present the first characterisation of the normal and connectional anatomy of the primary olfactory cortex of the common marmoset, a microsmatic simian species increasingly used in primate research. The centrifugal and centripetal bulbar projections were determined by injections of the anterograde and retrograde tracer wheat germ agglutinin-conjugated horseradish peroxidase and fluorescent dyes into the ipsilateral main olfactory bulb. The efferent projections of the marmoset bulb are organised entirely ipsilaterally and are established via a rudimentary medial olfactory tract and the dominant lateral olfactory tract. Target areas are the anterior olfactory nucleus, the entire prepiriform cortex, ventral tenia tecta, periamygdaloid cortex and the rostral part of the entorhinal cortex. The bulbar axons predominantly terminate in the outer part of layer I. The anterior olfactory nucleus receives a weak additional input within layer II and III, which is not found in macrosmatic rodents. Further anterograde labelling was found in the endopiriform nucleus deep under the prepiriform cortex and within an anterolateral strip of the olfactory tubercle. However, control injections into the olfactory tubercle suggest that the marmoset olfactory tubercle receives a bisynaptic olfactory input only. Retrograde labelling after bulb injections revealed that, except for the olfactory tubercle, all primary olfactory cortices contributed to an ipsilateral bulbopetal feedback projection. Like in rodents, the only bulbopetal projection organised bilaterally in the marmoset is maintained by the anterior olfactory nucleus. With few exceptions, the projections of the marmoset olfactory brain are organised similarly to that of the macaque monkey or those of macrosmatic species.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

An allometric study of hippocampal components. A comparative study of the brains of the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus), the tree shrew (Tupaia glis), and the marmoset monkey (Callithrix jacchus).

Brains of western European hedgehogs, common tree shrews and common marmosets were perfused and stained according to Timm's method. The volumes of hippocampal components were determined with semiautomated quantitative techniques and compared by allometric methods. The results support previous findings that the size of the hippocampus in marmosets and tree shrews is about twice that of the hippocampus of the European hedgehogs of the same body weight. Three hippocampal substructures account for most of this progression. These are the hilus, the deep zone of the molecular layer of the area dentata, and CA1 (especially the cellular layer) of Ammon's horn.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

Natural antibodies to EBV-VCA antigens in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) and response after EBV inoculation.

Healthy common marmosets from two separate colonies, one in England and one in France, were found to have antibodies cross-reacting with Epstein-Barr virus structural antigens (EBV-VCA). All seropositive animals were at least 2 years old. Experimental EBV infection of marmosets of different ages led to seroconversion of inoculated weanlings. Adult animals either developed antibody for the first time or showed an increase in their existing titers. Both control and infected animals developed a progressive interstitial nephritis. The lymphocytic infiltration was more extensive, diffuse and immature in appearance in inoculated animals, but no definite evidence of lymphoproliferative disease or lymphoma was found.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Body weight changes throughout pregnancy in the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus.

Adult female common marmosets were weighed weekly for periods of 6-30 months. Of 27 animals, 25 were pregnant at some stage of the investigation. Patterns of body weight change throughout singleton, twin and triplet pregnancies were obtained and compared. Maternal weight increase was dependent on the number of young in utero; however, little or no change in weight was observed during the first 13 weeks of gestation, irrespective of the number of offspring delivered subsequently. The overall maternal:fetal body weight ratio was 1.00:0.21, ranging from 1.00:0.11 for singleton to 1.00:0.26 for triplet pregnancies. Lactation had little or no effect on maternal body weight during the first 4 weeks postpartum.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Reproductive status of adult daughters in family groups of common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus).

Urine samples were collected from 6 pubertal female common marmosets at approximately 3-day intervals over a period of 3-7 months. All 6 females were the eldest daughters in their family groups. 3 of these females were subsequently removed from their families and sampled in isolation for another 2-3 months. Levels of urinary pregnanediol-3 alpha-glucuronide were measured by radioimmunoassay in order to establish whether these females showed ovarian cyclicity. No cyclical fluctuations in the levels of pregnanediol were observed in the females housed with their families even though the females were of a reproductively mature age. Cyclicity was quickly established (within 18-22 days) when the females were removed from the family. These results are discussed in the light of similar recent investigations on callitrichid reproduction and the behavioural implications are considered.

Animals↗