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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

[Clinical characterization of patients with multiple sclerosis defined in Cuba].

INTRODUCTION: Since 1975 no studies have been done in Cuba defining the clinical characteristics of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). OBJECTIVE: To describe the characteristics of a group of Cuban patients with definite clinical MS. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty eight patients with definite clinical MS were studied (Poser et al) with normal motor (VCM) and sensory (VCS) conduction velocities. Tests were done on them: clinical scale (Scripps), incapacity (EDSS) and quality of life (Steps), together with various complementary tests. Each patient was classified according to the way in which the disease evolved. Also the two commonest clinical types were compared and we applied the difference test between percentages of non-paired samples with an alfa level of 0.05. RESULTS: Onset of the illness in most cases was before the age of 40 (86.1%), 75.9% were women and 82.8% were white. In 15.3% there was a family history of MS. In 25.9% there were psychiatric disorders and trigger factors (43.1%. The most frequent initial symptoms were pyramidal (48.3%) sensorial (41.4%) and cerebellar (39.7%). Scripps scale scores were < 80 in 60.2%, in EDSS < 5 (61.9%) and in the Clinical Steps < 3 in 65.4%). Motor potentials (81.9%) somatosensory potential (PESS) (72.3%) and magnetic resonance imaging (MR) (76.4%) were the most abnormal results. Exacerbation-remission (ER) was the most frequent type of evolution (53.4%) generally affecting patients aged under 40 years old (p = 0.02), EDSS < 5 (64.4%), Scripps > 80 (61.2%), Steps < 3 (95.6%), pyramidal system involvement (58.5%), cerebellar (29.2%) and MRI abnormality (80%). The progressive primary form (PP) was the second most frequent (29.3%); 29.4% were under 40 years of age, had more marked changes in all functional system (100%), degree of incapacity and quality of life (100%). PESS (92.5%); the urodynamic tests 58.85%) were less positive on MRI (54.5%) as compared with the ER form. CONCLUSIONS: The differences found between the clinical forms ER and II indicate that there is greater deterioration in the PP form, probably due to age and more cerebellar and spinal cord involvement.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Risk factors in the epidemic neuropathy of Cuba].

OBJECTIVE: A case control study to find out if Cuba's epidemic neuropathy was a result of one of the following causes: (1) an infectious process, (2) exposure to one or more toxical agents, (3) low intake of one or more nutrients, or (4) more than one of such causes and their interactions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 311 cases of epidemic neuropathy with optic and peripheral symptoms and 377 controls were studied. A questionnaire with 55 items was employed to document exposure to factors determined by the etiologic hypothesis. Data analysis was done separately for the optical and peripheral types of the disease. RESULTS: No association was found between illness and any deficiency of basic sanitation for both types of neuropathy. Acute stress, irregularities in food intake, body weight loss in the last 12 months and other indicators of nutritional deficiencies were associated to both clinical manifestations, although they were also high in the controls. Low frequency of illness was found for people living with diseased persons. Females had a significant high risk of illness in the peripheral manifestations whereas smoking was the only toxical risk factor in optical neuropathy. Nutritional deficiencies together with unidentified personal factors were the main associations for illness outcome; smoking increased significantly the risk of optical neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: 1. The infection etiology was unsupported in the study. 2. Smoking appeared as a factor for the optical neuropathy. 3. Stress induced by vital events were significantly associated with the disease. 4. Both types of the neuropathy were associated to body weight loss and other indicators of nutritional deficit.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1997

[Virological diagnosis of an outbreak of fever and rashes caused by parvovirus B19, Cuba, 1995].

The results obtained in the study of an a outbreak of fever and rash occurred in Havana City in March, 1995, are reported. Dengue, measles, rubella, herpes simplex, and Epstein Barr were discarded as causal agents of the outbreak in the samples of 35 patients. Parvovirus B19 was identified as the causing agent of the outbreak by the detection of IgM antibodies and the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). The infection produced by this agent was confirmed in 14/18 samples (77.7%) by some of the techniques used. This study makes reference to the first outbreak of Parvovirus B19 that was proved in Cuba.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Automated sentinel system of infectious diseases in Cuba].

We state that the creation of the Automated System of Epidemiological Surveillance should become an integral part of the Service of Hygiene and Epidemiology of the Republic of Cuba, which allows for the operative evaluation of the epidemiological situation in the country in order to take timely anti-epidemiological and prophylactic steps.

Communicable Diseases↗
PubMed1994

[Anatomy and morphometry of Physa cubensis Pfeiffer, 1839 (Pulmonata: Physidae) in Cuba].

The anatomic description of Physa cubensis, based on specimens collected in 5 different sites in Cuba, is presented. The anatomic characteristics of the reproductive system as well as mantle digitations give ground for affirming that this is a unique species with external morphological variations and thus it should be kept under the Physa genre. Besides, dispersion diagrams and regression lines of the length in the width were analyzed in the five sites; the L/A (length/width) variation quotient was compared using a variance analysis. Significant differences were observed in the different sites probably due to the feeding sources of each biotope.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

[Report pf the first case of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) in an HIV seropositive patient in Cuba].

The most important clinical and epidemiological aspects of the lymphogranuloma venereum as a sexually-transmitted disease are described. We present a summary of the clinical history of an HIV-positive patient who presented with a tumoral lesion in the inguinal region presumptive of lymphogranuloma venereum. The diagnostic value of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the establishment of an accurate diagnosis is stressed the epidemiological importance of the report of this sexually-transmitted disease in an HIV-positive patient for the first time in Cuba is also pointed out. A good response was attained with Doxycycline.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

[A computer program for the geographic distribution of fluvial mollusks of medical interest in Cuba].

The need to know the distribution of mollusks considered to play an important medical role in Cuba through a geographic representation motivated us to develop a software capable of acting as a system for the retrieval of geographic information in which the requested data would be presented in maps. The system has been called DMIM and it is a useful tool for malacological studies, and assessment and planning of programs for the control of intermediate host mollusks, as well as for teaching purposes.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Mass breeding of Romanomermis culicivorax (Nematoda: Mermithidae) in the tropical conditions of Cuba].

To develop the process of mass production on a large scale of the parasite nematode Romanomermis culicivorax Ross and Smith, 1976, under the control tropical conditions of Cuba, it was taken into consideration the standardization of a certain number of variables, such as: utilization of eggs in the process of infectation, dosage, types of water, types of substrate, temperature, culture methods, and storage methods of culture batches. High performances in nematoda and approximately the same amount of females and males were obtained when mosquito larvae of the species Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823, were exposed to parasite's infective larvae.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

[Meningococcal disease and VA-MENGOC BC in minors less than 1 year of age. Cuba, 1983 to 1991].

A study of the chronological series of mortality due to meningococcal disease in children under one year old, the group of highest incidence during the last epidemy in Cuba, was carried out. Data were collected by doing a survey in an uniform way since 1983 throughout the country. More than 90% of the population between 3 months and 5 years old were vaccinated with VAMENGOC BC since the end of 1988 until April, 1990. The behaviour of this disease was studied in order to identify the influence of this vaccine. It is stressed that the mortality incidence reached its epidemic achme in 1986 and begins a slow descence which is accentuated in 1990 and 1991, with an annual relative decrease of 26.1 and 34.9%, respectively. The highest mortality rate was found in 1984, with a significant reduction in 1990 (-23.8%) and 1991 (-41.8%), after the culmination of the vaccination campaign with VA-MENGOC BC. It was detected that morbimortality, which is lower in children under one month because of the probable protection provided by maternal antibodies, started to increase until the fifth month of life, when it is observed a trend towards the reduction of morbidity and mortality. According to the present immunization chronogram, overall protection in only attained after the sixth mont of life.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1996

[Tuberculosis mortality in Cuba, 1987-1993].

The data available at the National Statistics Division of the Ministry of Public Health about the 414 death caused by tuberculosis in Cuba during 1987-1993 were studied. They were tabulated by age group, sex, province of residence, month of death, and necropsy. It was observed a gradual increase of the rate from 1991 on, amunting to 7.82 per 1 million inhabitants in 1993. The years of potential life lost (3,114) were calculated. Mortality in the male sex determined the rise of the rate during that period (p < 0.05). Deaths predominated among individuals over 65 with a rate of 26.09 per 100,000 inhabitants. Most of the deaths occurred in October. The provinces with the highest mortality rates due to tuberculosis were applied to the differences found.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[The post-licensing efficacy of VA-MENGOC-BC in children under 6 in Holguín, Cuba. The first year of observation].

The assessment of the after-licensing efficacy of the Cuban vaccine VA-MENGOC-BC was performed one year after the mass immunization campaign was completed in children under 6 years of age in the Province of Holguín which had the second highest incidence rate of meningococcal disease during 1988 in Cuba. In the design of the study the following aspects were taking into account: case definition; case detection, determination of the state of vaccination, and comparability of exposure. The utilization of 2 case definitions with different sensitivity and specificity is introduced within the methodology, as well as 2 estimation methods. Incidence rates from exposed and nonexposed subjects, as well as the ratio of cases and of the vaccinated population are used. The impact of this prophylactic intervention was determined by the estimation of the percentual preventive population fraction. Among outstanding results, the high efficacy of more than 98% found in both variants of case definition is to be mentioned. It is evidenced that the effect of the vaccine accounts for more than 80% of the observed case reduction. Such reduction in the number of cases was obtained without changing diagnostic criteria since the isolation of the agents was hept at levels similar to the ones from previous years.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed1995

[The cultivation of Fossaria cubensis (Pfeiffer) (Pulmonata: Lymnaeidae), the intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus) in Cuba].

A method for the culture of Fossaria cubensis (Pfeiffer), the major intermediate host of fascioliasis in Cuba, was assessed. For this purpose, an algae-bearing plate was designed based on a culture of Cyanophyceae algae from Lyngbya, Leotolyngbya, Phormidium, and Schimidleinema on Petri plates 12 cm in diameter with mud substrate and high levels of nitrate and calcium carbonate. Fifteen days after incubation with continuous light, these plates were used as aquaria for mollusc breeding. Under such conditions the generational time is reduced and the growth and reproduction of Fossaria cubensis which allow for their mass production aimed at the research of fascioliasis is guaranteed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The distribution and possible competition between Melanoides tuberculata and Tarebia granifera (Prosobranchia: Thiaridae) in Lake Hanabanilla, Cuba].

A study was carried out along three years, on distribution and possible competence between the two thiarid species present in Lake Hanabanilla, Cuba: Melanoides tuberculata and Tarebia granifera. Both species presented significant differences as to its abundance within a determined microhabitat, but they could match their densities for the total sampled area. These variations were mainly due to the ratio of juveniles in each species. Interaction was only detected when high abundance values were reached and some limitation resource existed (mainly in the nearest area to the shore). Both thiarids presented a high nest width, but Tarebia granifera was slightly higher; besides, this species was dominant at the end of the study at most of the sampled areas.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1995

[The seasonality of meningococcal disease in infants less than 1 year old. Cuba, 1983-1990].

Children less than one year old behave as the group with the highest incidence of meningococcal disease during all the epidemic period in the past '80s decade in Cuba. There were used chronological series of monthly incidence rates between 1983 and 1990, in order to identify the behavior of seasonality, taking into account the clinical form and the insert of years 1989 and 1990 in the series: in both of them a massive antimeningococcal vaccination campaign took place. It is evident that seasonality has a different behavior in accordance with the clinical form: it is like the countries from the northern hemisphere with a moderate climate for the meningoencephalitis, and like the countries of the southern hemisphere with a warm climate for the meningococcal syndrome. Months of the rainy period have the lowest seasonal index. Modifications of these seasonal patterns are not found after executing the vaccination.

Bacterial Vaccines↗
PubMed1995

[The first report in Cuba of human intestinal infection by Cyclospora cayetanensis, Ortega, 1993].

The human intestinal infection by Cyclospora cayetanensis, is reported for the first time in Cuba, Ortega, 1993. This coccidian parasite was being identified since several years in humans presenting with diarrhea, as a blue-green Alga, a similar body to cyanobacteria, or similar to a great coccidia. However, it was identified for the first time a genus of Cyclospora, in 1993, and the taxonomic description of the human species as C. cayetanensis is very recent. This paper reports on a child presenting with an acute diarrheal picture in which no other causative agent was found, and describes the morphological characteristics of this rounded organism which measures between 7.7 and 10 micras of diameter and results positive to Ziehl-Neelsen staining. This is a warning for all physicians and biomedical staff in charge of making the laboratory diagnosis of acute diarrheal diseases.

Acute Disease↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Epidemiological study on Hymenolepis nana infection in Ciego de Avila Province, Cuba].

An epidemiological study on H. nana infection was carried out in Ciego de Avila province, Cuba, from 1981 to 1995. In this 15 years period 3,108,422 stool samples were examined for parasites, H. nana eggs were found in 250 (0.008%). Seasonal influence of this parasitism was not detected. There were more cases in children than in adults, with males prevailing over females. The more frequent symptoms and signs were abdominal pain, diarrhea and anorexia which relationships with food habits, dwelling characteristics, children day care center and school orchards are analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Leptospirosis mortality in Cuba, 1987-1993].

It was conducted a descriptive study of the data available at the National Statistics Division of the Ministry of Public Health on the 397 deaths caused by leptospirosis in Cuba from 1987 to 1993. Data were tabulated according to age, sex, place of residence, death date, necropsy, and occupation on dying. The years of potential life lost by the age group 0-65 were calculated. In 1993, it was observed a rough increase of the rate that reached a value of 1.03 per 100,000 inhabitants. The highest rates were registered among those over 50. The high rate attained by males determined their general behavior. The incidence of this disease rose in October, November and June. The Isle of Youth special municipality and Las Tunas were the provinces with the greatest rates. The retired were the most affected followed by the factory and agricultural workers.

Adolescent↗