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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Sculptor of The Cripple of the Geneva Museum of Art and History. An ancient Greek portrayal of hemimelia?].

An archaic Greek terracotta vase in the Art and History Museum at Geneva depicts a man deprived of his left arm and with two legs ending in a stump below the knees. Did he suffer from a traumatism (amputation), a mutilating disease or congenital malformation (hemimelia)? A survey of written and iconographic sources throws light on the methods and limits of ancient surgery, and on the chances of survival of abnormal children in archaic and classical Greece.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

The gastrectomy cripple: results of jejunal loop interposition.

The use of an interposed antiperistaltic jejunal loop between the stomach and the duodenum in the treatment of severe postgastrectomy nutritional disorder is described in two patients. Both patients had a gratifying return of digestive comfort and a striking increase in weight after the interposition operation. Several aspects of operative technique are described. This procedure should be considered in any patient suffering from this disorder.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Spontaneous fractures in the brain-crippled, bedridden patient.

This report deals with the treatment of 31 spontaneous fractures which occurred in 50 institutionalized patients who were bedridden primarily because of severe cerebral palsy associated with brain injury. More than one-half of the group sustained a spontaneous fracture. Satisfactory healing of all fractures with a minimum of complications occurred without any immobilization or realignment. In 4 patients with delayed compound wounds, the treatment consisted of resection of the protruding portion of the bone after allowing the bony protrusion to wall itself off.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

[History of 1906 census of handicapped patients].

The census of cripples ("Reichskrüppelzählung") in the German Reich plays a central role in the development of orthopaedic surgery. Local censuses conducted by protestant ministers had already pointed out the great number of disabled children without appropriate care. It was the achievement of Konrad Biesalski, who was an orthopaedic surgeon, and of Eduard Dietrich, a Prussian government official, that a nation-wide census for disabled people was conducted. The concerns of the Reich-health-administration, which had complained about the way the survey was to be made, were neglected. These concerns were not all unjustified. Both the planning of the census itself and the technical interpretation of the obtained numbers were full of errors. The number of cripples in need of a place in an asylum were very exaggerated. Biesalski is to be held responsible for this systematic error. For him the census was only a way to influence the public opinion and had no scientific value. The public was worried by the great numbers of cripples in need of medical care and the foundation of asylums for cripples was added to the social political agenda. Along with these asylums came the promotion of orthopaedic surgery. The law, which laid the foundation for these institutions, the "law for the welfare of the cripples in Prussia" of 1920, would have never been passed, if it had not been for Biesalski's manipulated numbers. One can say that the artificially inflated numbers of the "Reichskrüppelzählung" were a lie for a good cause.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Hieronymus Bosch (1450-1516): paleopathology of the medieval disabled and its relation to the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010.

BACKGROUND: At the start of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010, a paleopathologic study of the physically disabled may yield information and insight on the prevalence of crippling disorders and attitudes towards the afflicted in the past compared to today. OBJECTIVE: To analyze "The procession of the Cripples," a representative drawing of 31 disabled individuals by Hieronymus Bosch in 1500. METHODS: Three specialists--a rheumatologist, an orthopedic surgeon and a neurologist--analyzed each case by problem-solving means and clinical reasoning in order to formulate a consensus on the most likely diagnosis. RESULTS: This iconographic study of cripples in the sixteenth century reveals that the most common crippling disorder was not a neural form of leprosy, but rather that other disorders were also prevalent, such as congenital malformation, dry gangrene due to ergotism, post-traumatic amputations, infectious diseases (Pott's, syphilis), and even simulators. The drawings show characteristic coping patterns and different kinds of crutches and aids. CONCLUSION: A correct clinical diagnosis can be reached through the collaboration of a rheumatologist, an orthopedist and a neurologist. The Bone and Joint Decade Project, calling for attention and education with respect to musculoskeletal disorders, should reduce the impact and burden of crippling diseases worldwide through early clinical diagnosis and appropriate treatment.

Bone Diseases↗
PubMed2000

Intra-host competition between nef-defective escape mutants and wild-type human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

Various forms of nef genes with deletions at conserved positions along the sequence have been reported to persist in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected patients. We investigate the forces maintaining such variants in the proviral population. The main selection pressures are preservation of function and host immune response. The crippled Nef protein might have fewer epitopes, and as such be less visible to the specific immune response, but it will lose some function. Does a trade-off between avoidance of the immune response and loss of function explain the dynamics of the crippled virus found in the patients? To answer this question, we formulated a deterministic model of the virus-host interactions. We found that when the crippled protein presents few epitopes and suffers little loss of function, the two viral types can coexist. Otherwise, the wild-type comes to prevail. The mutant form might initially dominate, but as the selective pressure by the CD84+ T cells decreases over the course of infection, the advantage for the crippled form of losing epitopes disappears. Hence, we go from a situation of coexistence of wild-type and mutant, to a situation of only full-length nef. The results are discussed in the context of the suggested use of live attenuated vaccines having deletions in nef.

Genes, nef↗
PubMed2005

RT-PCR analysis of Deformed wing virus in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and mites (Varroa destructor).

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a honeybee viral pathogen either persisting as an inapparent infection or resulting in wing deformity. The occurrence of deformity is associated with the transmission of DWV through Varroa destructor during pupal stages. Such infections with DWV add to the pathology of V. destructor and play a major role in colony collapse in the course of varroosis. Using a recently developed RT-PCR protocol for the detection of DWV, individual bees and mites originating from hives differing in Varroa infestation levels and the occurrence of crippled bees were analysed. It was found that 100 % of both crippled and asymptomatic bees were positive for DWV. However, a significant difference in the spatial distribution of DWV between asymptomatic and crippled bees could be demonstrated: when analysing head, thorax and abdomen of crippled bees, all body parts were always strongly positive for viral sequences. In contrast, for asymptomatic bees viral sequences could be detected in RNA extracted from the thorax and/or abdomen but never in RNA extracted from the head. DWV replication was demonstrated in almost all DWV-positive body parts of infected bees. Analysing individual mites for the presence of DWV revealed that the percentage of DWV-positive mites differed between mite populations. In addition, it was demonstrated that DWV was able to replicate in some but not all mites. Interestingly, virus replication in mites was correlated with wing deformity. DWV was also detected in the larval food, implicating that in addition to transmission by V. destructor DWV is also transmitted by feeding.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2001

Inhibitory role of antibodies in the development of Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps toward reproductive and pathogenic stages.

Untreated Taenia solium cysticerci obtained from different naturally infected pigs vary notably in their capacity to develop into intestinal tapeworms in prednisolone-treated hamsters, whereas cells derived from Taenia crassiceps cysticerci after 2 mo of infection almost always develop to cysticerci in the peritoneal cavity of susceptible BALB/cAnN mice. Preincubation of whole cysticerci or parasite cells with mice immunoglobulins raised against an 18-mer peptide epitope (GK-1) common to both parasites significantly interferes with both transformations. These crippling effects of antiparasite antibodies suggest new forms of immunological interference with parasite biology other than simple killing. Antibodies that cripple biological functions of the parasite, e.g., their development to reproductive or pathogenic stages, make them important protagonists in taeniasis/cysticercosis disease as classic parasitocidal antibodies. Different serum levels of crippling antibodies in the infected pigs could be responsible for the varied ability of cysticerci to convert to tapeworms. Antigens capable of inducing crippling antibodies, e.g., GK-1, could be useful as a therapeutic vaccine for pigs in order to reduce parasite transmission.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Progressive pseudorheumatoid chondrodysplasia simulating juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.

Four patients from a Muslim family with an inherited skeletal dysplasia are presented. It is more crippling than usual form of spondylo-epiphysial dysplasia tarda and the onset is very early in the life i.e. at 4 years. The disorder is progressive, crippling and has striking clinical resemblance to juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. The striking X-ray appearance is of platyspondyly and irregularities of capital femoral epiphysis. There is absence of any synovitis. Two of these patients are females aged 8 years and 18 years. The third patient is their cousin brother aged 6 years and their uncle who is of 50 years old and crippled.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

A supero-medial thigh flap for urethral reconstruction in epispadias and hypospadias.

A reliable axial flap from the adductor region has been used for many years to repair a series of urethral defects formerly regarded as difficult problems. In particular the flap has proved invaluable in the treatment of epispadias "cripples". Suggestions are also made for correcting the reverse chordee deformity due to the shortage of skin on the dorsum which, if untreated, spoils the functional result. The use of a supero-medial thigh flap was reported by Hirshowitz et al. (1980, 1982) for repair of the scrotum and vulva. The same flap had been discovered independently in 1978 in this department and used for the repair of epispadias and hypospadias "cripples". Its reliability was soon recognised and the presence of axial vessels from the medial femoral circumflex artery and vein were demonstrated by transillumination at the time of surgery and by study in the post-mortem room. Some patients with epispadias are referred at puberty with an unrepaired scarred penis and a reverse chordee deformity. The defect cannot be repaired with local tissue alone and the same difficulty is encountered with some hypospadias "cripples". Occasionally untreated cases of perineal hypospadias are seen with a marked shortage of local tissue. In our experience scrotal flaps may fail to heal and orthodox groin flaps may have difficulty in reaching the target. Although the superomedial thigh flap will require at least two stages it is a reliable technique and it provides a generous amount of tissue with which to solve what may at first sight seem to be an insuperable problem.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗