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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

[A case of minimal size small cell carcinoma arising in abnormal branching bronchus with mycobacteriosis].

A 73-year-old male was referred to our hospital because of mycobacteriosis. Bronchoscopic examination revealed a depressed lesion with white pseudomembrane located between the orifice of B2 and B3 of the right upper lobe. From this pseudomembrane, Mycobacterium avium complex was cultured, and the patient was treated with antituberculous drugs. Four months later, a small white polypoid tumor was found at the same site, growing gradually. Biopsy specimens showed invasion of small cell carcinoma, so we started combination therapy with anti-cancer drugs and irradiation. With this therapy, the small polypoid tumor disappeared and we found the orifice of an abnormal branching bronchus between the orifice of B2 and B3. A case of minimal size small cell carcinoma arising at the orifice of an abnormal branching bronchus with mycobacteriosis was reported and case reports in Japan were reviewed.

Aged↗
PubMed1993

[Comparison of various methods to close the stump of the main bronchus after pneumonectomy].

In 58 patients who underwent pneumonectomy, the stumps of the main bronchus were sutured manually (by the Sweet method in 13, the Overholt method in 12, and the modified Overholt method in 8) or with machines (TA-30 + S method in 15, TA-30 + O method in 10), and the methods to close the stump were evaluated according to the outcome and postoperative endoscopic findings. Cancer was positive at the stump in 3, and rupture of the membranous portion was observed in 1 in the mechanical suture group. Bronchial fistula was observed in 2 (12%) of the 25 patients in the mechanical suture group but in none of the 33 patients in the manual suture group. The line of closure of the bronchial stump observed by endoscopy was perpendicular to the crest at the tracheal bifurcation in patients sutured by the Sweet or TA-30 + S method, angulated in a chevron shape in many of those sutured by the Overholt method and those sutured by TA-30 + O method, and parallel to the crest in part of those sutured by Overholt method and those sutured by modified Overholt method. The mucosa at the stump was uneven in many patients who showed chevron shaped closure lines. By the modified Overholt method, the wall of the main bronchus could be resected more extensively, the mucosa at the stump was smooth, and the airway lumen showed no marked deformation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Squamous papillomatosis of the left main bronchus and trachea: a case report].

A 49-year-old female complaining of dyspnea at exercise was admitted. Bronchoscopic examination revealed that the left main bronchus was almost obstructed by a tumor. A sleeve resection of the left main bronchus was performed. Histological examination confirmed that the tumor was squamous papilloma. After one year and eight months, bronchofiber examination disclosed papilloma in the trachea. Therefore, papilloma was treated with endoscopic methods, including Nd-YAG laser. The patient has survived for 11 years since first treatment.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗
PubMed1993

Asymptomatic solitary papilloma of the bronchus: review of occurrence in Japan.

A case of solitary papilloma of the bronchus is described, and 15 other cases occurring in Japan are reviewed. A 57 year old asymptomatic male was referred to our hospital because many squamous metaplastic cells with moderate atypia were observed in sputum cytology, twice in 3 months. The chest X-ray showed no abnormal findings. Endoscopic examination revealed a polypoid tumour at the bifurcation of the right B6a and B6b. The tumour was removed completely by endoscopic biopsy, and histological findings showed squamous papilloma. There has been no evidence of recurrence for 3 yrs. We are not aware of a previously reported case of bronchial papilloma without symptoms or abnormal shadow on chest X-ray. Considering the fact that malignant change was reported in only one case in Japan, and that there is a possibility of cancer subsequently developing at another location in the lung which might also require resection, lobectomy should be avoided if the tumour can be removed completely through endoscopy. If the lesion is limited to a small area in the bronchus, conservative treatment such as photodynamic therapy and/or yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG) laser vaporization might be sufficient to obtain a complete cure.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1993

Isotype-specific antibody-secreting cells to transmissible gastroenteritis virus and porcine respiratory coronavirus in gut- and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues of suckling pigs.

Antibody-secreting cells (ASC) were enumerated in gut- and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissues of pigs exposed to three antigenically related coronaviruses: virulent transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV), attenuated TGEV, and porcine respiratory coronavirus (PRCV). Exposure of 11-day-old pigs to virulent TGEV resulted in severe gastroenteritis and virus shedding mainly in feces but also to a limited extent in nasal secretions. PRCV and attenuated TGEV exposure produced no clinical signs and only one pig given a high dose of attenuated TGEV shed virus in feces, but virus was shed from the nasal passages. Nasal virus titers were highest after PRCV inoculation of pigs. Mononuclear cells were isolated from spleens, mesenteric, and bronchial lymph nodes of pigs and assayed for virus-specific IgG and IgA antibody secretion by an enzyme-linked immunospot assay. Virus-specific ASC peaked at postinoculation days 12 to 24 and IgG-ASC outnumbered IgA-ASC in all tissues tested. The greatest numbers of ASC were in mesenteric lymph nodes of virulent TGEV-exposed pigs and in BLN of PRCV-exposed pigs. Attenuated TGEV induced intermediate ASC responses in the gut and respiratory tract. Secondary in vitro ASC responses to inactivated TGEV or PRCV paralleled the primary responses except in BLN where the numbers of memory ASC were high for both TGEV- and PRCV-exposed pigs. We conclude that: 1) a single exposure of pigs to PRCV either oral-nasally or by aerosol leads to potent systemic and bronchus-associated, but not gut-associated, ASC responses; 2) a high dose of attenuated TGEV (4 x 10(8) plaque-forming units) is more effective than PRCV (6 x 10(5) or 2 x 10(8) plaque-forming units) or a lower dose of attenuated TGEV (7 x 10(6) plaque-forming units) in eliciting gut-associated ASC; 3) although virulent and a high dose of attenuated TGEV induce high numbers of ASC in the tissues tested, virulent TGEV induces the most ASC in the gut and IgA-ASC in all lymphoid tissues; and 4) virus replication in the gut or respiratory tract is a major factor affecting the magnitude of an ASC response at that site and may be necessary for the recruitment of IgG- and IgA-ASC and memory cells in large numbers from other mucosal inductive sites. This unique model of mucosal immunity using antigenically related viruses with distinct tissue tropisms may help to clarify interactions of the various components of the common mucosal immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

Left hilar mass with obstruction of the main bronchus due to localized pseudoaneurysm of the thoracic aorta.

The left hilum is an anatomically complex region. It is poorly imaged on conventional chest roentgenography and even on tomography. A wide range of diagnoses must be considered upon discovery of a hilar mass. In this report, the authors discuss their experience with a potentially hazardous hilar mass found in a 61-year-old man with a 40 pack-year smoking history. The mass, which was identified as an aortic pseudoaneurysm, caused near-total obstruction of the left main bronchus. The aneurysm was successfully repaired and patency of the bronchus restored. Radiographic features that suggest an aortic aneurysm as a cause of a hilar mass include posterior location and lack of associated mediastinal or contralateral hilar adenopathy. Computer tomography with contrast will readily define a vascular hilar mass. If cancer or lymphoma are suspected as the cause of a hilar mass, mediastinal lymph-node imaging, and aspiration or biopsy are indicated.

Aneurysm, False↗
PubMed1996

[Repair of the gastric tube-right main bronchus fistula after operation for esophageal cancer--treatment by transposition of pedicled pectoralis major muscle flap].

We have experienced a case who showed the gastric tube-right main bronchus fistula. A 51-year-old male complained cough and vomiting suddenly. He underwent esophagectomy and radio-chemotherapy for advanced esophageal cancer 19 months ago. Chest X-ray showed severe pneumonia, and gastroscopy, bronchoscopy and CT scan showed the fistula between the whole stomach esophageal substitute and right main bronchus. After recovery from the pneumonia with the treatment by continuous suction through the naso-gastric tube, operation was performed. The fistula was repaired with transposition of a pedicled pectralis major muscle successfully. After the operation, respiration was performed independently with two ventilators for right and left lung to avoid increasing air way pressure. His postoperative course was uneventful, and he discharged on the 66th postoperative day. The cause of the fistula was considered to be a peptic ulcer due to residual secretion of gastric acid.

Bronchial Fistula↗
PubMed1997

Nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonists. IX. Characterization of endothelin receptors in guinea pig bronchus with SB 209670 and other endothelin receptor antagonists.

In this study the endothelin (ET) receptors mediating contractions produced by ET-1, ET-3 and the selective ET(B) ligands sarafotoxin 6c (S6c) and BQ-3020 in guinea pig bronchus were investigated using SB 209670, a nonpeptide, mixed ET(A)/ET(B) receptor antagonist, and the peptide ET receptor antagonists BQ-123 (ET(A) receptor-selective), BQ-788 (ET(B) receptor-selective) and RES-701 (ET(B) receptor-selective). SB 209670 (10 microM) antagonized concentrations induced by ET-1 (pK(B) = 6.1). In contrast, BQ-788 (10 microM) and BQ-123 (10 microM), either alone or in combination, were without significant effect on ET-1 concentration-response curves. SB 209670 (10 microM) and BQ-788 (10 microM) antagonized S6c concentration-response curves with pKB values of 6.6 and 5.5, respectively, whereas RES-701 (10 microM) and BQ-123 (10 microM) were without effect. SB 209670 (10 microM) was about a 10-fold less potent antagonist of contractions produced by ET-3 (pK(B) = 5.4) than of those elicited by S6c. BQ-788 (10 microM), RES-701 (10 microM) and BQ-123 (10 microM) were without effect on ET-3 concentration-response curves. BQ-788 (10 microM) had similar potencies for inhibition of contractions induced by S6c (pK(B) = 5.8) and BQ-3020 (pK(B) = 6.25). These data indicate that contractions induced by ET-1, ET-3, S6c and BQ-3020 in guinea pig bronchus appear to be mediated predominantly via stimulation of ET(B) receptors. However, these receptors are not very sensitive to the standard ET(B) receptor antagonists BQ-788 and RES-701, which suggests that responses produced by these ligands in this tissue involve activation not of the classical ET(B) receptor, but rather of an atypical ET receptor population. The results also provide additional evidence that the potencies of ET receptor antagonists depend upon the specific ET agonist.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Unusual presentations of injury to the bronchus with literature review.

Two patients with unusual presentation of injury to the bronchi are discussed. The first had a gun shot wound of the anterior left chest with the bullet ricocheting across to the right hemithorax and puncturing the right mainstem bronchus resulting in right massive pneumothorax and subcutaneous emphysema. The second suffered a blunt thoracic trauma from a road traffic accident and presented with bilateral rib fractures and bilateral pneumothoraces treated with bilateral closed thoracostomy tube drainage. Bronchofiberscopy revealed complete transection of the left mainstem bronchus.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1997

Resection of a bronchogenic cyst involving the wall of the mainstem bronchus and repair utilizing a pedicled pericardial flap.

Symptomatic bronchogenic cysts should be completely resected because of uncertainties in diagnosis, to prevent recurrence, and to avoid late complications. Infrequently, these cysts may involve the proximal tracheobronchial tree. Often such cysts are incompletely excised with less than optimal results. A case of a patient with a bronchogenic cyst involving the wall of the right mainstem bronchus is presented. The cyst was completely excised and the bronchus repaired using a pedicled pericardial flap. The procedure may serve as the preferred method of reconstruction in such circumstances.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Traumatic transection of the left main bronchus and laryngeal fracture resulting from blunt trauma--a successful case of emergency operation].

A 18-year-old female, who had incomplete transection of the left main bronchus and laryngeal fracture, due to blunt trauma, is reported. Chest X-ray on admission showed subcutaneous emphysema extending to the cervical soft tissues and marked pneumomediastinum. Bronchoscopic examination revealed disruption of the left main bronchus, leaving only the membranous portion. An emergency operation was performed 5 hours after the injury. A week later, bronchoscopic reexamination revealed tracheal stenosis just below the vocal cord, due to fracture of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages, which was enlarged to a certain extent by laryngoscopic intervention under cooperation of the laryngologist. The patient's postoperative course was uneventful, and two months later, was well with tracheostomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[A study on low grade malignant tumors arisen in the trachea and the bronchus].

Twelve patients who suffered from low grade malignant tumors arisen in the trachea and the bronchus (6 of carcinoid, 4 of mucoepidermoid carcinoma, and 2 of adenoid cystic carcinoma) underwent surgical treatment from 1977 to 1996 in our department. Operations included 1 sleeve resection of the trachea, 1 patch plasty of the trachea, 3 sleeve lobectomies, and 7 lobectomies. Lymph node dissection was performed in 9 of 12 cases. Metastases in lymph nodes were not found in all 12 cases. Five year survival rate of low grade malignant tumors arisen in the trachea and the bronchus was 78.8% and better than that of stage I lung cancers.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Absence of tachykinin involvement in leukotriene D4 and antigen-induced contraction of guinea pig isolated bronchus.

In guinea pig airways, contractions induced by leukotriene D4 or antigen are thought to be mediated primarily by an action of the agonist or of released mast cell-derived mediators directly on the airway smooth muscle cell. An indirect contractile action mediated by endogenous tachykinins also has been described for both of these stimuli. The present study evaluated the contribution of endogenous tachykinins to ovalbumin- and leukotriene D4-induced contractions in the guinea pig bronchus by modulating the concentrations of tachykinins within the tissues and by using neurokinin receptor antagonists. Acute depletion of tachykinins with capsaicin had no effect on responses elicited by either stimulus. Similarly, tetrodotoxin treatment failed to influence leukotriene D4-induced contractions. Inhibitors of neutral endopeptidase (thiorphan) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (lisinopril) enhanced neurally mediated tachykininergic responses and potentiated leukotriene D4. The latter effect persisted in the presence of tetrodotoxin or the neurokinin antagonists CP99994 and SR48968 and in tissues treated acutely with capsaicin. The potentiation was absent, however, from bronchi incubated with L-cysteine. Ovalbumin-induced contractions were unaltered by inhibition of neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme. These observations suggest that tachykinins are not involved in mediation of leukotriene D4- or antigen-induced contractions of the guinea pig bronchus. The ability of protease inhibitors to potentiate leukotriene D4 but not antigen-induced responses is therefore ascribed to inhibition of bioinactivation of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

[The excision of a benign tumor of the bronchus during bronchoscopy].

The author have conducted endoscopic ablation in 16 patients, including papilloma-in 8, bronchus wall carcinoid-in 7, fibroma-in 1 while performing observation and treatment in 221 patients with benign tumor of bronchus. Radical excision was done in 9 patients. All carcinoid tumors have recurred. All of this patients have undergone subsequently radical surgical intervention, including bronchoplastic procedure in 5. All the patients survived.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Scar changes in the bronchus caused by a foreign body].

Long lasting recurrent pneumonia in 13-year-old girl was been described. The main cause was the foreign body (pawn of plastic) covered in intermediate bronchus. Bronchoscopy revealed scars in type of "bridges" narrowing intermediate bronchus. The foreign body and the scar changes were removed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Ectopic bronchus: an insufficiently recognized malformation causing respiratory morbidity in VATER association.

An 11-month-old boy presented with recurrent wheezing and atelectasis in the right upper lobe of the lung. Bronchoscopy and bronchography confirmed an ectopic bronchus arising from the right main bronchus. The diagnosis of VATER association was made on the basis of multiple vertebral and rib anomalies, imperforate anus with a perineal fistula, unilateral hydronephrosis, atrial septal defect, and a preauricular tag, he did not have tracheo-esophageal fistula. We emphasize the importance of recognizing tracheobronchial anomalies in VATER association.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1976

"Bridging bronchus". A previously undescribed airway anomaly.

This report describes the clinical features and pathologic anatomy seen in an infant with anomalous bronchial branching and other congenital anomalies. The patient died of respiratory insufficiency and infection, possibly fostered by the malformed airway and a coexistent partial anomalous venous return. At autopsy, bronchial drainage of the right middle and lower lobes was provided by a large bronchial branch that originated in the left main-stem bronchus and bridged the mediastinum before entering the contralateral lung. Since crossed anatomic airway relationships after formation of primary branches are imcompatible with current concepts of embryologic lung development, a brief critical review of the pertinent literature is undertaken.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗
PubMed1977

Metaplastic squamous cell carcinoma of bronchus simulating giant cell tumor of bone.

A 57-year-old man underwent a right pneumonectomy for a bronchogenic carcinoma following bronchoscopy and bronchial biopsy. The tumor was a polypoid mass arising from the lower lobe bronchus. Microscopically it was characterized by mononuclear cells mixed with randomly distributed multinucleated giant cells similar to those seen in giant-cell tumor of bone. Also found were portions showing typical squamous cell and spindle cell carcinoma. Based on the light and electron microscopic findings, we suggest that the current case represents a metaplastic squamous carcinoma showing mesenchymal cell differentiation. A hypothesis on the histogenesis of pleomorphic carcinomas was presented. The problems of histological diagnosis generated by such a tumor should be emphasized.

Bone Neoplasms↗