[Transcendental meditation, autogenous training and hypertension].
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Humans↗
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[Therapy of vasovagal syncope (nonpharmacologic therapy and pharmacotherapy)].
Recurrent vasovagal syncope is a frequent clinical problem. Provisions regarding the regimen, non-pharmacological treatment and pharmacotherapy are the basic principles of management of patients with vasovagal syncope. Regimen provisions involve avoidance of predisposing factors and immediate horizontalization during initial presyncopal manifestations. Endurance training, tilt training, autogenous training and increased intake of salt and fluids are possible ways of non-pharmacological treatment. According to the relatively extensive number of published reports on pharmacological treatment of vasovagal syncope four preparations proved effective in randomized placebo controlled trials--atenolol, midodrin, paroxetin and enalapril. The author gives an account of non-pharmacological and pharmacological treatment of vasovagal syncope, whereby he concentrates on the validity and clinical importance of different trials.
Humans↗
[A model experiment with a specialty clinic for geriatrics with an open psychosomatic unit].
Report on a current exemplary test in which "animators and multiplicators" are being trained in a specialized course. The intention is to employ the trainees as voluntary lay assistants in a geriatric clinic. In the same clinic programs have been established aiming at the reduction of expenses for drug therapy by making extensive use of motion therapy, musical therapy, reality training, creativity training, autogenic training.
Aged↗
Autogenic-feedback training exercise is superior to promethazine for control of motion sickness symptoms.
Motion sickness symptoms affect approximately 50% of the crew during space travel and are commonly treated with intramuscular injections of promethazine. The purpose of this paper is to compare the effectiveness of three treatments for motion sickness: intramuscular injections (i.m.) of promethazine, a physiological training method (autogenic-feedback training exercise [AFTE]), and a no-treatment control. An earlier study tested the effects of promethazine on cognitive and psychomotor performance and motion sickness tolerance in a rotating chair. For the present paper, motion sickness tolerance, symptom reports, and physiological responses of these subjects were compared to matched subjects selected from an existing database who received either AFTE or no treatment. Three groups of 11 men, between the ages of 33 and 40 years, were matched on the number of rotations tolerated during their initial rotating-chair motion sickness test. The motion sickness test procedures and the 7-day interval between tests were the same for all subjects. The drug group was tested under four treatment conditions: baseline (no injections), a 25 mg dose of promethazine, a 50 mg dose of promethazine, and a placebo of sterile saline. AFTE subjects were given four 30-minute AFTE sessions before their second, third, and fourth motion sickness tests (6 hours total). The no-treatment control subjects were only given the four rotating-chair tests. Motion sickness tolerance was significantly increased after 4 hours of AFTE when compared to either 25 mg (p < 0.00003) or 50 mg (p < 0.00001) of promethazine. The control and promethazine groups did not differ. AFTE subjects reported fewer or no symptoms at higher rotational velocities than subjects in the control or promethazine groups. The primary physiological effect of promethazine was an inhibition of skin conductance level. The AFTE group showed significantly less heart rate and skin conductance variability during motion sickness tests administered after training.
Adult↗
A clinical study of autogenic training-based behavioral treatment for panic disorder.
The present study investigated the effect of autogenic training-based behavioral treatment for panic disorder and identified the predictors of treatment outcome. Thirty-four patients meeting DSM-III-R criteria for panic disorder received autogenic training-based behavioral treatment from October 1981 to December 1994. They were treated individually by the author. The medical records of the patients were investigated for the purpose of this study. The results showed that this autogenic training-based behavioral treatment had successful results. Fifteen patients were cured, nine much improved, five improved, and five unchanged at the end of the treatment. Improvement trends were found as for the severity of panic attack and the severity of agoraphobic avoidance. No consistent findings about predictors emerged when such pretreatment variables as demographics and severity of symptoms were used to predict the outcome. Also, three treatment variables showed useful predictive power. First, practicing the second standard autogenic training exercise satisfactorily predicted better outcomes. Second, application of in vivo exposure was found to be positively associated with the treatment outcome in patients with agoraphobic avoidance. Third, longer treatment periods were associated with better outcomes. These findings suggested that the autogenic training-based behavioral treatment could provide relief to the majority of panic disorder patients.
Adult↗
[Effects of feedback and changing criterion on the control of skin temperature].
Effects of feedback and changing criterion procedure on the skin temperature control and cognitive events (motivation, perceived control of skin temperature, and sensations accompanied with autogenic training) during an autogenic training (AT) were examined. Fifteen male students, five of each, were assigned to either AT with feedback under a fixed criterion (AT-FC), AT with feedback under a changing criterion (AT-CC), or AT without feedback (AT-NF) groups. Subjects were asked to increase the temperature of the right index finger using the AT in 12 training sessions. The criterion of feedback was fixed in the AT-FC group while it was increased in the AT-CC group when the temperature had satisfied the criterion in the previous session. Feedback had no effect on the performance of skin temperature control. However, it functioned as a cue for the judgement of performance and weakened the feeling of heaviness of the limbs. Changing criterion improved the performance gradually and increased the perceived efficacy of AT. These results suggested that the arousal elicited by feedback stimuli might suppress the feedback effect, and that the criterion could control the pattern of skin temperature change.
Adolescent↗
The influence of two different sets of information and suggestions on the subjective effects of relaxation.
The study compared the subjective effects of different relaxation techniques and their susceptibility to influence by information and suggestions provided by the trainers. Two groups of twelve subjects each were trained in autogenic training and in progressive relaxation successively. On three occasions during their training, each group was given one of two contrasting sets of information and suggestions concerning the subjective effects to be expected. At the end of training, differences in the subjective effects accompanying the two relaxation techniques were found but no significant effect of the contrasting sets of information and suggestions emerged. These results suggest that the subjective effects of relaxation were resistant to simple suggestions and, being more robust and real than often thought, could constitute a basis for differential indications of various relaxation methods.
Adult↗
Behavioral treatment of Raynaud's disease.
In order to assess the efficacy of a behavioral intervention in the treatment of idiopathic Raynaud's disease, 30 female patients were trained to control their digital skin temperature using autogenic training or a combination of autogenic training and skin temperature feedback either in the laboratory or at home. All trained subjects demonstrated a significant ability to maintain digital skin temperature in the presence of a cold stress challenge and reported significant reductions in both frequency and intensity of vasospastic attacks. The addition of skin temperature feedback to autogenic training did not provide additional clinical benefit.
Adult↗
Facilitation of internal locus of control in adolescent alcoholics through a brief biofeedback-assisted autogenic relaxation training procedure.
The purpose of the study was to determine if autogenic relaxation training facilitated through biofeedback promotes an increase in internal levels of locus of control. The participants were residents of two Southwest Missouri alcohol treatment centers and ranged in age from 18 to 21 years. Treatment and control groups were compared on their responses on the Drinking Related Locus of Control Scale (DRIE) and fingertip temperature pre- and posttraining. The training was effective in teaching autogenic relaxation as demonstrated by increased fingertip temperature for the treatment group posttraining, while no differences were observed for the control group. Most importantly, the treatment group was not only significantly more internal in their locus of control after training but were also significantly more internal than the control group posttraining. Given that alcoholics are significantly more external in their locus of control than nonalcoholics, and that an internal locus of control implies an individual's belief that he or she has control and is responsible for his or her behavior, autogenic relaxation facilitated through biofeedback may be a very important component in therapeutic intervention for adolescent alcoholics.
Adolescent↗
Effectiveness of autogenic relaxation training on children and adolescents with behavioral and emotional problems.
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effectiveness of autogenic relaxation training in a mildly disturbed outpatient population of children and adolescents with mostly internalizing symptoms, and/or some aggressive, impulsive, or attention deficit symptoms. METHOD: Fifty children and adolescents from southern Germany (mean age 10.2 years; range 6-15 years; mostly intact middle class family background) participated in a group intervention program. Fifteen patients were randomly assigned to a waiting-list control group. Behavior symptoms (Child Behavior Checklist), psychosomatic complaints (Giessen Complaint List), and level of stress were assessed before and after the intervention or after the waiting phase. Individual goal attainment was evaluated at the end of the intervention and in a 3-month follow-up. RESULTS: The parent report on CBCL reflected reduced symptoms compared with control. The child report indicated reduced stress and psychosomatic complaints both in the intervention and control group, and no significant group x time interaction effects occurred on these scales. Effect sizes of 0.49 in the CBCL and 0.36 in the complaint list indicated clinically relevant effects of the intervention compared with the control group. At the end of the intervention, 56% of the children and 55% of the parents reported partial goal attainment, 38% of the children and 30% of the parents reported complete goal attainment; 71% of the parents confirmed partial goal attainment 3 months postintervention. CONCLUSIONS: Autogenic relaxation training is an effective broadband method for children and adolescents.
Adolescent↗
[Psychosomatic reactions to the experience of near death. A state of affective dissociation].
The feelings of persons who had encountered life-threatening danger were analysed and compared with the feelings of persons, who are in hypnosis or trained in autogenic training. The symptoms are widely alike. The result of the comparison is, that there exists a state of affective dissociation, which can be caused by conscious or unconscious actions.
Accidents↗
A 1-year follow-up of Raynaud's patients treated with behavioral therapy techniques.
The purpose of this study was to assess to what degree learned control of digital temperature and vasospastic attacks can be retained by Raynaud's patients over a full year period. Subjects were 19 patients suffering from diagnosed idiopathic Raynaud's disease who had undergone behavioral training. These patients had been trained to increase digital temperature using either autogenic training, biofeedback, or a combination of autogenic training and temperature biofeedback. Results indicated that the mean number of vasospastic attacks per day occurring 1 year after training was approximately equal to the number occurring at the end of the initial training (1.2-1.3 per day). Patient satisfaction with the treatment program was above average (3.5 on a 5-point scale). The patients' ability to maintain digital temperature during the cold stress challenge was imparied, however. At 1-year follow-up, digital temperature readings taken in the laboratory were identical to baseline levels.
Adult↗
Treatment of childhood migraine using autogenic feedback training.
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Adolescent↗
Autogenic regulation training and sickness absence amongst student nurses in general training.
Sickness absence has been a long-standing concern of the nursing profession. In this paper, sickness is construed as illness or the form a complaint takes. Absence is formulated as a form of coping. A longitudinal study using an experimental and control group design was carried out with student nurses using autogenic regulation training (ART). Comparisons of the relationship between ART and sickness absence records were recorded for: total days off; certificated and uncertificated days off; uncertificated days off; certificated days off; total blocks and total wards; first and second ward allocations; and average time sick. It is argued that ART helped significantly to reduce overall sickness absence in the experimental group when compared with the control group subjects. Reasons for this are discussed and issues for further research are raised. It is concluded from the present study that ART has a contribution to make in preparing student nurses to cope with the demands of nursing and sickness absence.
Absenteeism↗
Plasma catecholamine levels during temperature biofeedback training in normal subjects.
Thirty-nine normal volunteers of both sexes were randomly assigned to receive 8 sessions of temperature biofeedback or autogenic training to increase finger temperature. Temperature biofeedback subjects produced significant elevations in finger temperature during training, whereas those who received autogenic training did not. Temperature feedback subjects had significantly higher heart rates and diastolic blood pressures during training compared to autogenic subjects. There were no significant changes or group differences in plasma catecholamine levels. These data do not support the hypothesis that feedback-induced vasodilation is accompanied by decreased sympathetic activation in normal populations, when only temperature biofeedback is employed.
Autogenic Training↗
Effect of passive concentration as instructional set for training enhancement of EEG alpha.
The technique of passive concentration, employed by autogenic training and Transcendental Meditation for achieving relaxation, was tested here as a technique for enhancing EEG alpha. Of 30 subjects displaying between 15% and 74% alpha in their resting EEGs recruited, 10 had to be eliminated. The remaining 20 constituted two groups. One was instructed only to attempt to maintain a tone indicating alpha but given no information about technique (control group). The other was given additional instructions in passive concentration (experimental group). Both were given four 5-min. trials a day for 4 consecutive days. Heart rate and skin conductance were measured to monitor autonomic arousal. The group receiving instructions in passive concentration had significantly less alpha than the control group, which did not increase amount of alpha above baseline. The reduction of alpha in the experimental group was interpreted as resulting from beginning long training periods (20 min. per day), a practice advocated by Transcendental Meditation but discouraged by autogenic training. It was concluded that the relevance of passive concentration for alpha enhancement is doubtful.
Alpha Rhythm↗
Autogenic Feedback Training Exercise and pilot performance: enhanced functioning under search-and-rescue flying conditions.
Studies have shown that autonomous mode behavior is one cause of aircraft fatalities due to pilot error. In such cases, the pilot is in a high state of psychological and physiological arousal and tends to focus on one problem, while ignoring more critical information. This study examined the effect of training in physiological self-recognition and regulation, as a means of improving crew cockpit performance. Seventeen pilots were assigned to the treatment and control groups matched for accumulated flight hours. The treatment group contained 4 pilots from HC-130 Hercules aircraft and 4 HH-65 Dolphin helicopter pilots; the control group contained 3 pilots of HC-130s and 6 helicopter pilots. During an initial flight, physiological data were recorded on each crewmember and an instructor pilot rated individual crew performance. Eight crewmembers were then taught to regulate their own physiological response levels using Autogenic-Feedback Training Exercise (AFTE). The remaining participants received no training. During a second flight, treatment participants showed significant improvement in performance (rated by the same instructor pilot as in pretests) while controls did not improve. The results indicate that AFTE management of high states of physiological arousal may improve pilot performance during emergency flying conditions.
Accidents, Aviation↗
Biofeedback, relaxation training, and music: homeostasis for coping with stress.
This study compared the efficacy of five relaxation training procedures, four of which employed EMG auditory feedback: biofeedback only (BF), autogenic training phrases (ATP), music (MU), autogenic training phrases and music (ATP & MU), and a control group, in developing self-regulation of a "cultivated low arousal state" as a countermeasure to tensed muscular reaction to stressful imagery. Twenty subjects established a pre- and posttraining frontalis region EMG biofeedback baseline measurement. Sixteen subjects were assigned at random to the 25-minute taped relaxation training procedure. After eight training sessions (4 weeks), MU and ATP & MU groups achieved highly significant differences when compared with the control group. The ATP & MU group attained the lowest postbaseline arousal level measured by the EMG. EMG as a physiological measure for transfer of training functioned well in detecting the psychophysiological affect of stressful imagery.
Adult↗