Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Amphetamine-Related Disorders”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

877 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed2026

Genome-wide identification and expression profiling of HSD3B and SDR42E1 genes in the Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas): potential associations with gonadal development.

Sex steroids are lipid-soluble signaling molecules that regulate sex differentiation, reproductive development and physiological homeostasis in animals. 3β-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/Δ5-Δ4 isomerase (3β-HSD) is a key steroidogenic enzyme, whereas SDR42E1, an extended short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, has been implicated in sterol- and steroid-related metabolism. However, the composition, evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of the HSD3B- and SDR42E1-related genes in bivalve gonadal development remain poorly characterized. In this study, five PF01073-containing genes, comprising three CgHsd3b and two CgSdr42e1 genes, were identified in the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Phylogenetic analysis separated the proteins into HSD3B-related and SDR42E1-related groups, and gene-structure and motif analyses indicated subfamily-level divergence. All five proteins retained the SDR domain but differed in exon-intron structure and motif composition. Each contained the extended-SDR TGxxGxxG motif, whereas exact classical [ST]GxxxGxG and NNAG motifs were absent. Tyr- and Lys-equivalent residues were conserved, while the HSD3B1 Ser-equivalent position contained Thr in two C. gigas proteins and Ser in one. These features support their classification as extended-SDR proteins but do not establish enzymatic activity or substrate specificity. The three CgHsd3b genes were dispersed on one chromosome, whereas CgSdr42e1-1 and CgSdr42e1-2 were adjacent on another chromosome, suggesting a possible local duplication event for the CgSdr42e1 pair. Public RNA-seq data showed distinct tissue- and gonadal-stage expression patterns, with several genes displaying gonad-biased or female-stage-associated expression. Independent RT-qPCR profiling of the representative genes CgHsd3b-3 and CgSdr42e1-1 detected stage-dependent expression, although tissue rankings differed from those in the public RNA-seq datasets. These differences may reflect the use of independent biological samples, tissue composition, normalization procedures, and platform-specific measurements. Because enzymatic assays, metabolite measurements, cellular localization, and functional perturbation were not performed, the results identify candidate genes whose expression is associated with gonadal development rather than demonstrating regulatory roles. This study provides a comparative framework for future functional investigation of sterol- and steroid-related metabolism in bivalves.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Late hiatal hernia after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass: a systematic review.

Obesity is a global public health issue. This condition is linked to gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and hiatal hernia (HH), both of which are exacerbated by increased intra-abdominal pressure. Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is one of the most widely performed techniques for treating obesity and is considered a versatile option suitable for most patients. The development of a symptomatic HH and pouch migration can lead to various symptoms and complications. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central were searched for studies with late HH after RYGB. We pooled outcomes for symptom resolution. Secondary outcomes were recurrence rate and operation characteristics (mesh use, cruroplasty, gastropexy, reoperation, length of stay, and operative time). A meta-analysis could not be conducted due to significant heterogeneity in HH. HH following RYGB presents with GERD (39-93.6%), obstructive symptoms (29%-88%), and abdominal pain (28.6%-71%). Diagnostic methods include endoscopy, computed tomography scans, and upper gastrointestinal series. Surgical management varies, with primary cruroplasty being the most common approach, sometimes incorporating mesh or fundoplication. Postoperative symptom resolution rates range from 42.9% to 100%, with HH recurrence occurring in 5%-6.54% of cases. Follow-up durations varied, showing improvement in most patients, though some continued to experience reflux and dysphagia HH contributes to obstructive and reflux symptoms, with contrast-enhanced imaging offering the highest diagnostic accuracy. Bioabsorbable mesh may reduce recurrence, highlighting the need for long-term monitoring.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Comparative profiling of microbial community structure, enzyme potential, metabolic features, and volatile composition in craft and Jiafan Huangjiu processes.

Craft Huangjiu and Jiafan Huangjiu represent two distinct industrial Huangjiu product outcomes with contrasting volatile profiles. This study compared craft Huangjiu (L70) and Jiafan Huangjiu (L79) to characterize their physicochemical, microbial, gene-level functional, metabolic, and volatile features. Because L70 involved mid-fermentation addition of finished Huangjiu, this comparison was not intended to isolate the sole effect of fermentation interruption versus continued fermentation. L79 showed more extensive carbon and nitrogen utilization, with lower residual substrates and higher ethanol and acetic acid contents than L70, whereas L70 retained a less complete fermentation state. At the volatile level, GC-MS and volatile metabolomics consistently showed an ester-enriched profile in L79 and a more alcohol-dominant profile in L70. FlavorDB-based putative annotation and threshold-based OAV analysis further indicated distinct database-assigned descriptor distributions and potential odor-active compounds, with more OAV > 1 ester-related compounds in L79. Metagenomic analysis showed that L70 was dominated by Lactobacillus acetotolerans, whereas L79 contained higher relative abundances of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus flavus, and Fructilactobacillus fructivorans. Metagenomic functional annotation showed higher representation of hydrolysis-related CAZy genes and ester-related enzyme annotations in L79. KEGG-based pathway mapping further indicated greater gene-level potential for ethanol-, acetate-, and acetyl-CoA-related metabolism in L79. Accordingly, the L70 profile should be interpreted as the integrated final-product outcome of process intervention, exogenous input, and subsequent fermentation. The findings provide a comparative basis for future flavor regulation and process optimization in Huangjiu and other fermented alcoholic beverages.

Volatile Organic Compounds↗
PubMed2026

Effects of rumen fluid transplantation on longissimus dorsi muscle development in Xizang sheep: An association analysis based on transcriptomic and serum metabolomic profiles.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of rumen fluid transplantation (RFT) on the growth and development of the longissimus dorsi muscle in female Xizang sheep. After RFT, muscle lightness differed significantly between the two groups, with the LDC group showing significantly higher lightness than the LDT group. In contrast, no significant differences were observed between groups in other muscle phenotypic traits, including drip loss, pH, cooking loss, shear force, redness, and yellowness. Antioxidant-related indices (SOD, GSH-PX, MDA, CAT, and T-AOC) also showed no significant differences between groups. Histological analysis revealed that muscle fiber length, width, and density were significantly greater in the experimental group than in the control group. Transcriptomic analysis identified 515 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), of which 419 were downregulated. KEGG analysis indicated that genes involved in muscle development-related pathways, such as cell adhesion and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, were predominantly downregulated. Key serum metabolites (L-kynurenine, IPA, allantoin, and propionylcarnitine) showed highly significant positive correlations with muscle fiber growth indices. In contrast, metabolites such as l-carnitine, acetylcarnitine, and citrulline were negatively correlated with muscle fiber growth, but positively correlated with the expression of muscle structure-related genes (COL11A1 and EFNA5) and with meat lightness. Overall, this study provides new insights into the potential molecular basis by which RFT influences muscle growth and development. However, the mechanisms by which RFT affects muscle development and meat quality-related traits remain unclear and warrant further investigation.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

[Efficacy and safety of thoracic paravertebral block combined with thoracic nerve block for acute herpes zoster neuralgia involving upper thoracic dermatomes in middle-aged and elderly patients].

To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of ultrasound-guided thoracic paravertebral block (TPVB) combined with pectoral nerve block (Pecs) in the treatment of acute herpetic neuralgia (AHN) involving the upper thoracic segments in middle-aged and elderly patients, a prospective study was conducted. A total of 70 middle-aged and elderly patients with upper thoracic AHN who visited the Department of Pain Medicine at Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, from June to December 2023, were enrolled and randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group using a random number table, with 35 patients in each group. The control group received TPVB once weekly for a total of 3 sessions, while the experimental group received TPVB combined with Pecs block using the same regimen. Outcome measures included the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), 9-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), treatment satisfaction score, incidence of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), rescue analgesia, and adverse events. Assessments were conducted at 1, 4, 8, and 12 weeks post-treatment, and between-group differences were compared. Ultimately, 33 patients in the experimental group and 31 in the control group completed the follow-up and were included in the final analysis. The results showed that both groups demonstrated significant improvements in VAS scores, PSQI, GAD-7, PHQ-9, and satisfaction scores compared with baseline (all P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the experimental group exhibited significantly lower VAS scores and higher satisfaction scores at 1, 4, and 8 weeks post-treatment (P<0.05), as well as significantly lower PSQI, GAD-7, and PHQ-9 scores at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in the incidence of PHN, rescue analgesia, or adverse events (all P>0.05). This study demonstrates that compared with TPVB alone, the combination of TPVB and Pecs block provides better pain relief, improves sleep quality, and alleviates anxiety and depression in middle-aged and elderly patients with upper thoracic AHN, with a favorable safety profile.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease: A GRADE-assessed Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common atherosclerotic disorder characterized by progressive arterial narrowing in the limbs. This study aims to determine the efficacy and safety of rivaroxaban, focusing on major cardiovascular events, limb outcomes, and bleeding risks. METHODS: PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and nonrandomized comparative studies that compared rivaroxaban, either alone or in combination with aspirin, to placebo or standard care such as antiplatelet therapy. Risk ratios and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals were pooled using R v4.5.1 with an appropriate random-effects model applied. Subgroup analyses were performed according to rivaroxaban plus aspirin versus rivaroxaban alone. RESULTS: A total of 39,991 participants across 6 studies were included. Compared with control, use of rivaroxaban was linked to a significant reduction in composite efficacy outcomes (relative risk [RR] = 0.84, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.78-0.91, P < 0.001), risk of acute limb ischemia (RR = 0.65, 95% CI 0.55-0.78, P < 0.001), and thromboembolism (RR = 0.60, 95% CI 0.38-0.97, P = 0.037). Although rivaroxaban plus aspirin failed to show a significant reduction in the risk of amputation, rivaroxaban alone reported a significant risk reduction (RR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.30-0.85, P = 0.003). However, its use was associated with a significantly higher risk of major bleeding (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.54, 95% CI 1.38-1.72, P < 0.001) and International Society on Thrombosis and Hemostasis-defined bleeding (RR = 1.45, 95% CI 1.19-1.76, P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed for stroke, myocardial infarction, major adverse limb events, fatal bleeding, mortality, or cardiovascular mortality. CONCLUSION: Rivaroxaban-based therapy reduced the trial-defined composite efficacy outcome, acute limb ischemia, and thromboembolism in patients with PAD, but increased the risk of major bleeding. These findings support individualized use of rivaroxaban-based therapy in carefully selected patients, balancing ischemic and limb-protective benefits against bleeding risk.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Eating Experiences During Cancer Treatment in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Synthesis.

Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) aged 15-39 with cancer face distinct challenges during treatment, with eating consistently emerging as one of the most distressing and underrecognized concerns. At a critical life stage, AYAs must navigate illness-related consequences that profoundly affect well-being. Eating reflects these broader challenges and is identified as a key issue requiring health care attention. To address this, we synthesized evidence on AYAs' eating experiences and well-being during mealtime-related activities to inform health care practice. Qualitative and mixed-method studies were identified through searches across CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published up to May 2025, supplemented by snowball searches. Of 3214 records, 74 full-text articles were reviewed, and 18 met the inclusion criteria. These represented 302 AYAs, 73 relatives, and 88 health care professionals. Studies were analyzed using Joanna Briggs Institute review methods and GRADE-CERQual to support clinical interpretability. The meta-synthesis identified one core theme: "Eating as an embodied struggle and act of agency," with three subthemes: (a) living through physical and sensory disruption, (b) carrying the weight of new emotions and shifting relations, and (c) finding ways through gaps in support. Eating emerged as a disrupted, emotionally charged, yet agentic act requiring sensitive, individualized approaches. Thirteen evidence-informed recommendations were developed to guide clinical application. These emphasize early nutritional screening, dietetic support, flexible meal options, respectful family involvement, and psychosocially attuned care. Future research should codevelop and evaluate tailored interventions that address AYAs' embodied, emotional, and social needs to improve eating-related quality of life during cancer treatment.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Impact of Integrated Continuous Team Midwifery Care on Breastfeeding Success within the Iranian Health System: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

INTRODUCTION: Supporting women during the perinatal period helps build confidence, strengthens early bonding between mother and baby, and encourages successful breastfeeding. Continuous midwifery care models are one of the ways that support women in this periods. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of integrated continuous team midwifery care (ICTMC) in enhancing breastfeeding success in the Iranian health system. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 200 low-risk primiparous women with a gestational age of less than 12 weeks were recruited from public health centers. Participants were randomly assigned to either the intervention group, which received continuous midwifery care throughout pregnancy, childbirth, and postnatal follow-up, or the control group, which received routine care. The primary outcomes were early skin-to-skin contact and breastfeeding success at the time of discharge and at 4-6 weeks postpartum. Data were analyzed using Stata, employing descriptive statistics, Chi-square, independent t-test, Phi/Cramer's V, and Cohen's d. The p < 0.05 is significant. Data were analyzed with SPSS 26. RESULTS: ICTMC groups were significantly more likely to initiate skin-to-skin contactearly skin-to-skin contact immediately after birth (92% vs. 74%, p < 0.001) and achieve successful breastfeeding at the discharge time (88% vs. 70%, p = 0.002) compared to the control group. At 6 weeks postpartum, breastfeeding success remained higher in the intervention group (82% vs. 65%, p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: Women with ICTMC, effectively support skin-to-skin contactearly mother-infant bonding and enhance breastfeeding success among low-risk primiparous women. Integrating this model into routine maternal care may improve perinatal outcomes.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

A Sentiment-Based Comparison of AI- and Physician-Generated Empathic Statements in Palliative Care.

CONTEXT: Empathic communication promotes trust in patient-provider relationships. As healthcare integrates artificial intelligence (AI) into patient communication, we have yet to understand how these models' communication compares to that of physicians. OBJECTIVES: Our primary objectives were to examine patient preferences for AI-generated vs. palliative care physician-generated empathic statements addressing fear and anxiety around cancer treatment, and to analyze associations between linguistic features and patient preferences. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of the PALL-AI trial, a randomized controlled survey comparing cancer patients' preferences of AI- to physician-generated empathic statements. Physicians and AI were provided the same prompt with a maximum sentence length. Patient preferences for each statement were measured in blinded surveys. We analyzed sentiment of the statements using the Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner (VADER) and the National Research Council Canada (NRC) Emotion Lexicon. We evaluated associations between sentiment scores and patient preferences using Spearman's correlation coefficients. RESULTS: A total of 105 patients completed blinded surveys, preferring the AI-generated statement 72.4% of the time. VADER sentiment analysis showed all three AI statements displayed positive sentiment, while all three physician statements displayed negative sentiment. Controlling for statement length, AI statements used twice as many positive words as human statements. However, they contained a similar number of negative words. Of the eight NRC emotions, "trust" and "joy" demonstrated the strongest correlations with patient preference. CONCLUSION: Patients preferred AI-generated statements around cancer care over those from palliative care physicians when standardized for prompt and statement length. Analysis shows AI-generated statements contain more positive language which may be the factor driving patient preference toward AI.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Deep brain stimulation for Tourette syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has emerged as a promising neuromodulatory therapy for patients with refractory Tourette syndrome (TS). Various brain targets-including the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and several thalamic nuclei-have been explored, yet the comparative efficacy of DBS in different targets remain unclear. This meta-analysis aims to evaluate the clinical efficacy of DBS in TS and assess symptom improvements across different stimulation targets. A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science identified studies published between October 2014 and September 2025. Study quality was assessed using the French and Gronseth classification system. Outcomes of interest included pre- and postoperative scores on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (YBOCS). A total of 22 studies involving 358 patients were included in this meta-analysis. Mean YGTSS scores decreased from 69.19&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;18.04 preoperatively to 35.88&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;17.23 postoperatively. There was an average 48% reduction in YGTSS scores. DBS led to a substantial reduction in tic severity (YGTSS: GPi, SMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.29, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.00001; thalamus, SMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;2.33, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.0001). Within the GPi subgroup, stimulation of the anteromedial GPi (amGPi) resulted in significantly better benefits (SMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;3.01, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.00001) compared to the posterior-ventrolateral GPi (pvlGPi), which did not reach statistical significance (SMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.23, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.05). YBOCS scores decreased from a mean of 17.38&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;6.15 preoperatively to 9.16&#x2009;&#xb1;&#x2009;4.12 postoperatively. The average reduction in YBOCS scores was 47%. Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms also showed significant improvement following DBS (overall YBOCS, SMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.94, P&#x2009;<&#x2009;0.00001; amGPi, SMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;1.49, P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.004; pvlGPi, SMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.72; P&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.006). DBS is an effective and target-sensitive intervention for TS, alleviating both motor tics and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. Compared to therapies such as pvlGPi and thalamic-DBS, amGPi-DBS may demonstrate greater therapeutic potential compared with pvlGPi-DBS, suggesting its potential advantage in modulating the associated circuits involved in the pathophysiology of TS.

Humans↗
PubMed2025

Mediators of the Association Between a Parent's Experience of Trauma and Their Children's Well-Being: A Systematic Review.

At present, our understanding of trauma's complexity is underdeveloped, particularly with regard to intergenerational effects. In this paper, we review peer-reviewed literature on parental trauma and child well-being, focusing on mediating factors. We conducted a global systematic review of longitudinal, observational studies assessing mediators between a parent's traumatic exposure and their children's well-being. The primary outcome of the review was quantitative measures of child well-being (physical and psycho-social) assessed when the child was 18&#x2009;years or under. We considered the following experiences as trauma exposures: intimate partner violence, rape, sexual assault, victimization during violent crime, childhood abuse, and exposure to direct, immediate threats to personal survival during war, political unrest, natural disasters, and sudden, critical injury/illness. Thirty-two studies met our inclusion criteria. The two most common mediator categories were caregiver mental health (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;13) and parenting behavior (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;10). Other studies measured aspects of the parent-child relationship (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;9), maternal stress factors (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;5), parental physical health (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;2), and child-level factors (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;6) as mediators. Almost all included studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;28) detected a mediation effect. The majority of studies (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;21) cited robust theoretical frameworks to support their mediator and outcome choices. Studies varied in quality, but most used appropriate, formal mediation analyses. Several study designs could be enhanced by methods to improve precision and reduce bias. Currently, there is little consistency in how similar constructs are measured between mediation studies. We did not locate any studies in low-income countries, and few studies examined aspects of family dynamics, physical health, environmental characteristics, or paternal factors.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Indications, Techniques and Complications Associated With Pterygoid Implants: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pterygoid implants represent a graftless option for rehabilitation of patients with posterior maxillary atrophy, engaging the dense cortical bone of the pterygomaxillary complex. Despite clinical growth, a comprehensive synthesis of indications, surgical techniques, and complications is lacking. This review evaluated the prevalence of complications, implant survival rates, and marginal bone loss (MBL) associated with pterygoid implant placement. METHODS: The reporting of this review follows PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Six electronic databases (PubMed, Ovid, Scopus, WoS, CENTRAL, and Dentistry & Oral Sciences Source) were searched from 1 January 2020 to 31 December 2025. Included criteria comprised randomized and non-randomized clinical studies reporting outcomes of pterygoid implants (&#x2265;&#x2009;13&#x2009;mm) in adult patients with posterior maxillary atrophy (minimum 10 implants). Risk of bias was assessed using JBI critical appraisal checklists. Proportions were pooled using the Freeman-Tukey double arcsine transformation under a random-effects model. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE. RESULTS: Seventeen studies reporting 846 patients and 1915 pterygoid implants were included. The pooled survival rate was 97.9% (95% CI: 97.1%-98.6%; I2&#x2009;=&#x2009;0%; 14 studies) and the overall failure rate was 2.1% (95% CI: 1.4%-3.0%). Early failure rate was 0.9% (95% CI: 0.0%-3.0%; I2&#x2009;=&#x2009;59.5%). Late failure and MBL were summarized narratively. Certainty of evidence was low to very low. CONCLUSIONS: Pterygoid implants demonstrate excellent survival (97.9%) and low failure rates (2.1%), primarily early, supporting their reliability as a graftless solution for posterior maxillary atrophy. Complications appear infrequent though heterogeneously reported. Low evidence certainty necessitates prospective studies with standardized outcome reporting.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Effects of positive psychotherapy on anxiety and quality of life in chronic Urticaria.

INTRODUCTION: Individual, social, and economic consequences including anxiety and poor quality of life are recognised to result from allergic disorders. A positive, realistic viewpoint that emphasises balance and the body is provided by positive psychotherapy. The purpose of this randomized, controlled intervention study was to investigate how counseling based on positive psychotherapy affected anxiety and quality of life. METHODS: Patients in the intervention group had eight sessions of individual counseling based on positive psychotherapy in addition to standard treatment. Other than standard care, the members of the control group received no interventions. The Dermatological Quality of Life Scale (DYQS), Urticaria Activity Score, State-Trait Anxiety Scale, and Personal Information Form were employed as data collection instruments. The study had 66 patients with Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria (CSU), 32 of whom were in the intervention group and 34 of whom were in the control group. RESULTS: The mean scores of the intervention group decreased significantly from pre-test to post-test for urticaria activity (UAS7: 28.22&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;11.17 to 4.22&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;4.30, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), dermatological quality of life (DLQI: 38.63&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;7.61 to 5.09&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;6.19, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), situational anxiety (61.63&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;7.73 to 26.03&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;4.71, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001), and trait anxiety (61.56&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;7.90 to 25.13&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;3.66, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). Furthermore, post-test scores between the intervention and control groups showed statistically significant differences in favor of the intervention group in all primary outcomes, including the total UAS7 score (intervention: 4.22&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;4.30 vs. control: 21.56&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;11.81, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001) and the total dermatological quality of life score (intervention:5.09&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;6.19 vs. control:30.85&#xa0;&#xb1;&#xa0;10.17, p&#xa0;<&#xa0;0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Counseling based on positive psychotherapy has been shown to improve people's quality of life while lowering anxiety and urticaria symptoms. This study demonstrates how these treatments can enhance the quality of life for patients with chronic urticaria by lowering their anxiety and illness symptoms.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Antibiotic-impregnated bone graft to prevent infection after total hip arthroplasty (ABOGRAFT): protocol for a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Studies have shown promising results using bone graft as a carrier for local administration of antibiotics to reduce the risk of prosthetic joint infection (PJI). The objective of this clinical trial is to determine if tobramycin and vancomycin-impregnated bone graft is safe and effective in reducing the rate of PJI after total hip arthroplasty (THA). METHODS AND ANALYSIS: This study is an international, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical drug trial. Patients scheduled for THA (n=1100) requiring bone grafting (excluding revisions due to an ongoing infection) are randomised in a 1:1 ratio to prophylactic treatment with tobramycin and vancomycin or placebo-impregnated bone graft.The primary outcome is the time to reoperation due to infection or diagnosis of PJI, expressed as a relative risk difference between the two groups. A risk reduction of at least 50% is considered clinically relevant. Secondary outcomes are time to and reason for reoperation and implant revision, type of micro-organism and antibiotic susceptibility pattern within 2 and 5 years after surgery. Safety outcomes are the number of adverse events and revision rate due to aseptic loosening. The primary analysis will be performed using proportional hazard models. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: The study has been approved under the Clinical Trial Regulation No 536/2014 (EU CT; 2024-510921-25-00). Results will be published in open-access peer-reviewed journals and disseminated to patient organisations and the media, and de-identified individual participant data will be curated and shared on reasonable request in accordance with the Findability, Accessibility, Interoperability and Reuse principles, subject to the laws and regulations governing data protection in each participating country. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT05169229.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Flap Versus Tunneling for Horizontal Ridge Augmentation With FDBA and i-PRF: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

AIM: This study evaluated the efficacy of conventional flap and tunneling techniques for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation using freeze-dried bone allograft (FDBA) particles combined with injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty-five patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups (n&#x2009;=&#x2009;15 each): conventional flap (CF), tunneling with membrane (TM), or tunneling without membrane (TnM). Preoperative ridge width was measured via cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). All augmentation procedures incorporated FDBA and i-PRF; an absorbable collagen membrane was applied in the CF and TM groups. Follow-up assessments, including CBCT imaging and histomorphometric analysis, were conducted 6&#x2009;months postoperatively. For normally distributed data, ANOVA with Tukey's post hoc test and paired samples t-test were applied. Non-normally distributed data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. RESULTS: Statistical analysis was performed on 43 patients. All groups demonstrated an increase in ridge width after 6&#x2009;months. At the 2&#x2009;mm level, the mean width gain was 1.28&#x2009;mm (95% CI: 0.17 to 2.40) in the TM group, 2.85&#x2009;mm (95% CI: 1.80 to 3.89) in the TnM group, and 1.95&#x2009;mm (95% CI: 1.07 to 2.83) in the CF group. However, statistical analysis revealed no significant intergroup variation (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). Histomorphometric assessments similarly demonstrated comparable outcomes across all groups, with no statistically significant differences observed (p&#x2009;>&#x2009;0.05). CONCLUSION: Within the limitations of this study, the tunneling technique, regardless of membrane use, appears to be a clinically viable alternative to the conventional flap method for horizontal alveolar ridge augmentation. However, further studies with longer follow-up periods are required to substantiate these findings. TRIAL REGISTRATION: irct.behdasht.gov.ir identifier: IRCT 20101204005305N21.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Diet and sleep among college student populations: a systematic review.

College students are at-risk for both poor diet and poor sleep. We aimed to systematically review the evidence regarding associations between diet and sleep health within this population. A comprehensive electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and PsycINFO from the earliest possible date through February 6, 2026. A total of 57 studies representing 44 countries were retained; most were cross-sectional. There were 22 studies that examined dietary patterns in relation to sleep, generally showing that healthier diet patterns, including the Mediterranean Diet, were related to better sleep quality. Among 20 studies that examined individual foods or nutrients, there was evidence that fruits, vegetables, dairy, protein, and lower intake of sugar-sweetened beverages were linked to better sleep health, although some findings were mixed. Finally, 15 studies related meal timing to sleep quality, showing that breakfast skipping and later last meals were associated with poor sleep health. Overall, these studies reveal robust cross-sectional associations between diet and sleep among college students, but more longitudinal studies and randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate directionality. Moreover, a key direction for future study is consideration of sleep and nutrition situated within the unique contexts of college settings and academic schedules.

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Catheter ablation for symptomatic atrial fibrillation (PVI-SHAM-AF): a randomised, double-blind, sham-controlled, multicentre trial.

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend catheter ablation for symptom relief in patients with atrial fibrillation. The aim of this trial was to ascertain whether catheter ablation improves atrial fibrillation-related quality of life more than a sham procedure. METHODS: PVI-SHAM-AF was a double-blind, multicentre, randomised trial conducted at nine study sites in Germany and Poland. Patients aged 18 years or older with symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation were randomly assigned in a 2:1 ratio to catheter ablation or a sham procedure using an automated online randomisation system with variable block sizes, stratified by trial site. The primary endpoint was the between-group difference in change from baseline to 6 months in the Atrial Fibrillation Effect on the Quality-of-life Questionnaire (AFEQT) summary score. The prespecified primary analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population and included all randomly assigned patients, with missing data handled by multiple imputation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05119231) and 12-month follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS: Between Nov 12, 2021, and Nov 3, 2025, 1199 patients were invited to participate in the study and 262 patients consented and were randomly assigned: 173 patients to catheter ablation and 89 to sham. The median age was 67 years (IQR 62-73); 134 (51%) were female and 128 (49%) were male. Median follow-up was 184 days (IQR 181-191). At 6 months, the mean AFEQT summary score had increased from 61&#xb7;3 (SD 20&#xb7;1) to 81&#xb7;1 (16&#xb7;6) in the catheter ablation group and from 59&#xb7;2 (19&#xb7;0) to 74&#xb7;9 (19&#xb7;5) in the sham control group. The Hodges-Lehmann estimate of the between-group difference in change was 2&#xb7;6 (95% CI -2&#xb7;7 to 8&#xb7;0; p=0&#xb7;36). One death occurred in each group; neither was considered related to the study procedure. Serious adverse events adjudicated as related or possibly related to the study procedure occurred in ten unique patients: six patients in the catheter ablation group and four patients in the sham control group. One of these was an ischaemic stroke occurred in the sham control group. INTERPRETATION: Catheter ablation did not demonstrate superiority over a sham procedure for improving atrial fibrillation-related quality of life at 6 months. FUNDING: Helios Gesundheit (F&#xf6;rderung Leipziger Herzmedizin).

Humans↗
PubMed2026

Efficacy and safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in Beh&#xe7;et's disease: A systematic literature review.

INTRODUCTION: Beh&#xe7;et's disease e (BD) is a chronic, relapsing, multisystem inflammatory disorder that if not successfully treated can lead to severe, organ or life-threatening complications. Despite treatment with glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, some patients still have refractory disease that mandates additional therapeutic options. The pathogenesis of BD involves dysregulated innate and adaptive immune responses with multiple cytokines signaling through the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. By targeting multiple inflammatory pathways, JAK inhibitors have emerged as a promising therapeutic option. However, current evidence remains limited and heterogeneous. Therefore, we conducted this systematic review to evaluate their efficacy and safety in BD. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines (PROSPERO registration: CRD420261381955). PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched from inception to March 2026. Original clinical studies evaluating Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors in BD were included. Two reviewers independently performed study selection, data extraction, and quality assessment using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. Due to heterogeneity, results were synthesized narratively, focusing on efficacy and safety outcomes. RESULTS: Seventeen studies (99 patients) were included, predominantly case reports and small observational cohorts with overall high methodological quality. All evaluated tofacitinib, baricitinib, or upadacitinib, with no data on other JAK inhibitors. Patients were highly treatment-refractory, with prior failure of conventional and biologic therapies. Upadacitinib was the most frequently studied agent and demonstrated an overall response rate of 85.2% and complete remission in 59.3% in a multi-center study. Efficacy was observed across multiple domains, with the most consistent responses in intestinal disease, including clinical and endoscopic remission, alongside frequent glucocorticoid-sparing effects. Safety findings were consistent with known JAK inhibitor safety profiles, with mainly mild to moderate infections and manageable laboratory abnormalities, and no clear signal for increased thrombotic events, although follow-up was limited. CONCLUSION: JAK inhibitors demonstrate promising efficacy in BD, particularly in refractory and multisystem disease. The most consistent evidence of efficacy was observed in gastrointestinal involvement, whereas data for other disease domains remain limited. Their safety profile appears consistent with existing data, although further follow up and validation is required. High-quality randomized controlled studies are an imminent need to study the potential role of JAK inhibitors in BD.

Humans↗