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Results for “Alcoholic Intoxication”

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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1977

[The influence of loss of blood and alcohol intoxication on early vital wound reactions (author's transl)].

The influence of loss of blood and alcohol intoxication on wound reactions in the first 12 hours after incisions into the skin of the back of guinea pigs was examined. As the most important result we found differences in the cellular and zymohistochemical reactions: while begin and progression of the dermal leucocytosis were not influenced, the parallel running activation of different structure bound enzymes was significantly delayed and decreased. Considering the first result and the haematogenous origin of the leucocytes there is reason to believe that in the hierarchy of the biological control circuit-at least in guinea pigs-the local reflex hyperaemia of the wound area certainly is primary to the dermal vasoconstriction during collapse. The animals with haemorrhagic shock showed a retardation in the liberation of histamine and serotonin. This decrease of the local mediators of the stromae dissociation is considered the reason of the impaired initial enzyme activities in the mesenchymal tissue.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed1985

Acute alcohol intoxication and body composition in women and men.

The present study was a direct experimental comparison of administering equivalent alcohol doses based on body weight and estimated total body water to 12 women and 12 men. Each subject participated in two experimental sessions separated by at least three days. Two doses of 95% ethanol were administered in a randomized, counterbalanced order: 0.66 ml/kg of body weight, and 1.2 ml/l of total body water. Women were tested during the midfollicular phase of their menstrual cycle when plasma concentrations of estrogen and progesterone have been found to be lower than other phases of the cycle. When given doses equated for body weight, women reached significantly higher peak blood alcohol concentrations than men. No sex differences were found when equivalent doses based on total body water were administered. This differential effect of dose determination was not reflected in self-reported levels of alcohol intoxication. The anthropometric equations used to estimate total body water provided a practical, reliable method for equating alcohol doses.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Superoxide dismutase activity in rat brain during acute and chronic alcohol intoxication.

The effect of acute and chronic ethanol administration on rat brain superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was studied. Intraperitoneal injections of ethanol led to an inhibition of SOD activity. When ethanol was fed as the sole fluid, the SOD activity decreased progressively, reaching a plateau after 6 weeks of treatment. Withdrawal of ethanol produced a recovery of control values within 48 hr. SOD activity was also decreased in rats born from ethanol-drinking mothers. Inhibition of SOD activity by ethanol may allow an accumulation of cytotoxic O2 - radicals; this may account for some nervous system disorders during alcohol intoxication.

Alcoholic Intoxication↗
PubMed2005

Can alcohol intoxication be excluded as the cause of confusion following head injury?

OBJECTIVE: To assess whether there is a breath alcohol level (BrAC) below which confusion in the head injured patient should not be attributed solely to the acute effects of alcohol. METHOD: Based in the Accident and Emergency Ward in Glasgow Royal Infirmary, a prospective observational study was carried out over a five month period. Patients admitted to the ward were recruited for the study if they had a primary diagnosis of head injury. The outcome measures recorded and analysed were sequential 2 hrly BrAC readings (mg/L) and Glasgow Coma Scale findings (Eye opening, motor and verbal responses). The relationship between these was investigated, which revealed additional relevant factors affecting level of consciousness. RESULTS: The breath alcohol analyser was found to be a useful non-invasive, quick and easy to use tool. The results obtained were consistent with the expected pattern of reducing BrAC levels over a 6 hour period. Within this group of patients, a poor correlation was found between each of the three responses of the Glasgow Coma Scale and BrAC readings. For those patients who remained confused, when their BrAC reading was less than 1 mg/L, other causes of a lowered level of consciousness were identified. CONCLUSION: Confusion in the head injured patient with a BrAC of less than 1 mg/L, should alert one to the likelihood of causes other than alcohol intoxication.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Acute alcohol intoxication suppresses the interleukin 23 response to Klebsiella pneumoniae infection.

BACKGROUND: Bacterial pneumonia is a widely recognized infection in the alcohol-abusing patient. Interleukin 23 (IL-23) is a recently described cytokine critical for IL-17 induction and host survival during Klebsiella pneumoniae infection, a pulmonary pathogen commonly seen in alcoholics. We investigated the effect of acute alcohol intoxication on the IL-23 response to this infection. METHODS: Male C57BL/6 mice were given an intraperitoneal injection of ethanol (3.0 g/kg) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) 30 minutes before infection. Alveolar macrophages (AM) were cultured with bacteria in ethanol (0, 50, and 100 mM) to determine alcohol's effect on AM IL-23 expression, the bioactivity of which was determined by splenocyte IL-17 inducing activity. The role of IL-10 in alcohol-mediated suppression of AM IL-23 p19 mRNA expression was assessed using wild-type (WT) and IL-10 knock-out (KO) mice. Efficacy of AM pretreatment with interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) on IL-23 expression before ethanol exposure and infection was evaluated. RESULTS: In vivo, acute intoxication suppresses the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage cell IL-23 response to pathogen. This effect was confirmed in vitro as ethanol dose-dependently inhibits AM IL-23 during infection. Acute intoxication increases lung and BAL cell IL-10 mRNA expression 2 hours after in vivo infection and, in vitro, recombinant IL-10 inhibits AM IL-23 expression. However, alcohol impairs IL-23 similarly in AM harvested from both WT and IL-10 KO mice. Interferon gamma pretreatment strongly inhibits AM IL-23 production in both the presence and absence of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: Acute alcohol intoxication inhibits the pulmonary IL-23 response to K. pneumoniae infection both in vivo and in vitro, an effect independent of IL-10 induction. Interferon gamma priming antagonizes IL-23 and is, therefore, not likely to be a useful adjuvant therapy in restoring IL-23/IL-17 responses during infection and intoxication.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

[Clinical and experimental study on treatment of acute alcohol intoxication with xiangnaojing injection].

OBJECTIVE: To study the therapeutical mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine Xingnaojing injection (XNJI) for acute alcohol intoxication. METHODS: XNJI was used in treating the experimental model rabbits (n = 26) and the patients (n = 8) admitted to the emergency department with acute alcoholism. Before and after the treatment, beta-EP, superoxide anion (free radicals) and SOD were measured. RESULTS: XNJI could enhance the regaining consciousness of rabbits and patients, simultaneously reduce the concentration of beta-EP in plasma to the normal level (drunk rabbits 127.09 +/- 13.67 ng/L, normal rabbits 41.48 +/- 7.46 ng/L. P < 0.01, drunk patients 292.97 +/- 14.85 ng/L, normal people 221.60 +/- 15.95 ng/L, P < 0.01). The concentration change of superoxide anion (free radicals) in plasma of rabbits and patients was similar to beta-EP (drunk rabbits 313.39 +/- 15.64 u/L, normal rabbits 254.27 +/- 21.71 u/L, P < 0.01; drunk patients 278.47 +/- 11.48 u/L, normal people 159.92 +/- 11.51 u/L, P < 0.01), and SOD was inversely changed (drunk rabbits 53.57 +/- 6.48%, normal rabbits 77.18 +/- 7.89%, P < 0.01; drunk patients 43.76 +/- 7.84%, normal people 82.53 +/- 4.33%, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: XNJI is similar to Naloxone in pharmacologic action. And it is an effective antioxidant. It can be used for treating alcoholism.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Effects of acute alcohol intoxication on growth axis in human adolescents of both sexes.

We previously reported the deleterious effects of acute alcohol intoxication (AAI) on pituitary-gonadal and pituitary-adrenal axes hormones in human adolescents. In the present paper we studied the effects of AAI on the growth axis hormones, and the possible contribution of the insulin-glucose axis to the alcohol-induced dysfunction of the growth axis in human adolescents. Blood samples were drawn from adolescents that arrived at the emergency department with evident behavioural symptoms of drunkenness (AAI) or with nil consumption of alcohol (controls [C]). AAI produced in the adolescents of both sexes in our series: a decrease in growth hormone (GH) levels, without significant alteration of either insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) or insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 (IGFBP3); an increase in plasma glucose and a decrease in insulin in the female adolescents but not in the males. Males and females undergo a significant period of bone growth during adolescence. Growth axis hormones play an important role in the pubertal spurt. Thus, ethanol consumption during adolescence could have long-lasting deleterious effects on this aspect of development. In industrialised countries, around 35% of alcohol drinkers are under 16 years old, therefore the result of this study should be made known to adolescents and the appropriate authorities.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Ceruloplasmin activity and content of the blood of persons with acute and chronic alcoholic intoxication].

The concentrations of the enzymatically active and immunoreactive ceruloplasmin (CP) were determined in the blood serum of healthy men by means of the spectrophotometric and immuno-electro-photometric methods. Part of the total (immunoreactive) CP (15%), circulated in the blood channel in an enzymatically inactive state. The increase of the time of suffering from chronic alcoholism from 1 to 29 years leads to the growth of the concentrations of CP possessing enzymatic activity and of immunoreactive CP. The share of the enzymatically inactive protein remains practically constant. During acute alcohol intoxication there is a temporal drop of the C1 share in enzymatically active state with a constant concentration of the total protein in the blood serum.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effect of acute alcohol intoxication on the opioid system in humans.

We investigated the possible relations between the endogenous opioid system and acute alcoholic intoxication in 21 subjects, of whom 13 were drinkers who came to the emergency service with evident symptoms of drunkenness, and 8 were nondrinkers who consumed 1 g alcohol per kg body weight over a short period. Different patterns of changes were found in the two groups for plasma concentrations of beta-endorphin and adrenocorticotropic hormone. In drinkers, plasma levels of both substances increased, whereas in nondrinkers both concentrations decreased, the declines being especially notable 15, 30, and 45 min after ingestion. We found no differences between the two groups in plasma cortisol concentrations. The different levels of these substances may reflect differences in drinking behavior between the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Acute alcohol intoxication in women: relationship to dose and menstrual cycle phase.

This study investigated relationships between metabolic responses to acute alcohol intoxication and phases of the female menstrual cycle among women demonstrated to have ovulated during two consecutive cycles. Subjects were administered moderate (0.66 ml/kg) and high (1.0 ml/kg) alcohol doses during the early follicular, ovulatory, and midluteal phases of the menstrual cycles. Radioimmunoassays (RIAs) of serum estradiol, progesterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were performed from blood collected before each alcohol administration. Results showed decreased elimination times, reduced areas under the BAC-time curve (AUCs), and faster disappearance rates associated with the midluteal menstrual phase compared to the early follicular and ovulatory phases which were consistent for both moderate and high alcohol doses. Decreased elimination times, smaller AUCs, and faster disappearance rates were associated with increased levels of progesterone, elevated progesterone to estradiol ratios, and decreased FSH levels. No differences were found in absorption time or peak BAC across phases of the menstrual cycle.

Adult↗