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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

[Surgical indications in persistent atelectasis in early childhood].

Between 1980 and 1989 46 lung resections were performed in 45 children (0-9 years of age) for recurrent or persistent "atelectasis". Indications for surgery were intralobar sequestration (6), bronchial malformations and stenoses (7), chronic pneumonia following infection or aspiration (11), bronchiectases (4), pyocele associated with pulmonary artery ligation (1), upper lobe torsion (1), compression by cysts (6) or lobar emphysema (10). Overall mortality: 4/45 (2 of them within 4 weeks postoperatively) secondary to long-term artificial ventilation and associated or intercurrent disturbances.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1990

Atelectasis and pneumonia in acute spinal cord injury.

The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the high incidence of atelectasis or pneumonia (A/P) in the left lung of acute spinal cord injured (SCI) patients. The study group consisted of 46 consecutive motor complete (Frankel A or B) SCI patients admitted within 48 hours of injury. The ages of the patients ranged from 15 to 72 years. Neurologic levels ranged from C3 to T11. There were 19 high-level quadriplegic patients (HLQ; C3-C5), 11 low-level quadriplegic patients (LLQ; C6-C8), and 16 paraplegic patients (Para; T1-T11). The patients were followed during the first 30 days postinjury for radiographic evidence of A/P lasting more than three days. The time of onset, duration, and location of A/P was determined. Fifty percent (23 of 46) of the patients developed A/P in the first 30 days after their spinal cord injury. The incidence was higher in the HLQ than in the LLQ and Para (74% vs 33%; p less than 0.02 using the Fischer exact test). There was a preponderance (4:1 ratio) of left-sided involvement for A/P in this population (p = 0.01 using the two-tailed binomial test). Sixteen patients had left-sided A/P, four patients had right-sided A/P, and three patients had bilateral findings. There was no relationship between level of injury and side of involvement. The high incidence of left-sided pulmonary involvement in the acute SCI patient may be due to the tendency to retain secretions in this period combined with the increased difficulty of clearing secretions from the left lung.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Independent pulmonary ventilation as a treatment in the re-expansion of atelectasis].

Two patients with respiratory failure were treated with independent lung ventilation (ILV). During their clinical course they developed atelectasis without response to usual therapies. The use of ILV and selective positive end-expiratory pressure (S-PEEP) allowed lung expansion and oxymetric improvement. With the ILV plus S-PEEP we tried to correct the abnormal ventilation/perfusion ratio. ILV plus S-PEEP increases both the ventilation in the highly perfused areas, and the functional residual capacity selectively in the pathologic lung in unilateral affection cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Pulmonary atelectasis in bent lateral decubital position (nephrectomy). Apropos of a case].

Here we have the case of a right nephrectomy ureterectomy for urothelial neoformations in the upper urinary apparatus, in the position of a left flexed lateral decubitus (nephrectomy) practised to a patient, in which a small right pleural aperture was unnoticed until the end of the operation when the closing was being carried out. In the immediate postoperative, the patient developed hypoxia and hypercapnia, as well as an atelectasis of the lower lobus in the left lung, that appeared in the radiological test. We comment now the causes that could have originated this picture, such as overweight, the position of the patient during the operation, its length and the pleural aperture throughout the surgical act, focusing the study in this latter point.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effects of hydralazine in hypoxic vasoconstriction. Its study in a canine model of lobar atelectasis].

To determine whether hydralazine (H) a systemic vasodilator, inhibits hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) we studied in a canine model of lobar atelectasis (LA) the circulatory changes during the following interventions: a) control 1 (LA = HPV), b) during the acute effect produced by opening bilateral arteriovenous fistulas (OF), c) after the closure of the fistulas (CF) (control 2), d) after infusing H (0.33 mg/kg) and e) bleeding the animal at the end of the experiment (control 3). Once HPV was stabilized (control 1), both opening the fistulas and infusing H produced a similar and significant increase in cardiac output and a decrease in resistance (p less than 0.05). Mixed venous oxygen tension (PvO2) closely followed the changes in cardiac output (Qt). Intrapulmonary shunt (Qs/Qt) significantly increased (p less than 0.05) with the fistulas open and with H infusion. CF and bleeding the animal at the end of the experiment reversed the changes in Qt and Qs/Qt. The similar increases in Qt and Qs/Qt by OF or infusing H seems to be related to the levels of pVO2. Our data suggest that hydralazine inhibits pulmonary vasoconstriction probably by raising the level of pVO2 although a direct pulmonary vasodilatory effect of the drug could not be ruled out.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

[Pulmonary atelectasis and massive pleural effusion. Echocardiography].

Pulmonary atelectasis can be detected by Two Dimensional Echocardiography (2D-E) when massive pleural effusion is present. A triangular mass, base toward the mediastinum and apex moving freely in the pleural cavity, is shown by 2D-E either in an apical modified view in left pleural effusions or in a subcostal modified view in right pleural effusions. The texture of the mass is liver-like. Three cases are reported by way of example. Differential diagnosis with other masses, such as pleural or pericardial metastasis, is discussed.

Child↗
PubMed1986

Round atelectasis in an elderly man: the role of thoracotomy.

In summary, a case of round atelectasis appearing subsequent to a pleural effusion in an elderly man 6 months after open heart surgery is reported. Although plain roentgenograms and linear and computerized tomography could help the physician make the diagnosis with confidence, a needle biopsy of the lesion at the very least or exploratory thoracotomy may sometimes still be justified for the properly selected patient.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

Rounded atelectasis: considerations on its radiological diagnosis.

Rounded atelectasis is a particular form of peripheral lung collapse, adjacent to the pleura and causing a pulmonary opacity, often resembling a neoplastic mass. Its early identification avoids further investigations with more invasive techniques, especially unnecessary thoracotomy. The aim of this report is to contribute some case studies to the body of information which characterizes this radiographic and tomodensitometric entity; aspiration biopsy can possibly be performed to resolve diagnostic uncertainties.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Rounded atelectasis of the lung: diagnosis on conventional radiology and CT.

Rounded atelectasis is a radiological diagnosis and has to be differentiated from other mass-like opacities in the dorso (basal) part of the chest. Differential diagnosis must first be made with malignant pleural and pulmonary tumors. Specific radiological features such as irregular pleural thickening and the "comet-tail" sign help to make the diagnosis and to avoid unnecessary surgery. CT may be very helpful but frontal or sagittal conventional tomography will often be more diagnostic.

Female↗
PubMed1985

Immunological abnormalities in shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis.

The immunological status of 14 patients with shrinking pleuritis with atelectasis (SPA) was assessed by skin testing for delayed hypersensitivity reactions and in vitro tests of peripheral blood lymphocyte reactivity. The results were compared with those of 3 control groups, one consisting of healthy men, one of workers exposed to asbestos and one of workers exposed to quartz dust. Only 2 of 14 SPA patients showed a positive skin reaction to 2.4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB). The cutaneous reactions to candida and varidase were significantly increased in the SPA group compared with the other groups (p less than 0.05). The response of the blood lymphocytes to stimulation with phytohaemagglutinin was significantly decreased in the SPA group (p less than 0.01), as was unstimulated lymphocyte proliferation (p less than 0.05). The results suggest a primary or secondary immune abnormality in the SPA group. The exact nature of the defect requires further elucidation.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Rounded atelectasis and persistent pleural effusion on top of fibrothorax. Report of a case].

The autopsy findings are reported in an 84-year-old woman who presented with a six-year history of right and left heart failure. A right-sided sterile transsudate persisted for 5 years despite medical treatment and repeated thoracenteses. Three years before death, a rounded density appeared in the right lung field, followed by a second 2 years later. At autopsy the pleural effusion was found to be related to fibrothorax, and the rounded densities consisted of two foci of atelectasis.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

The importance of proximal and distal air bronchograms in the management of atelectasis.

Correlation of chest radiographic appearances with concurrent fibreoptic bronchoscopy in patients observed while in intensive care, and with lobar or multilobar atelectasis due to retained secretions, suggests that three levels of air bronchogram can be identified: Proximal: air is visible only to the level of the main bronchus, bronchus intermedius or lobar bronchi. Intermediate: air is visible down to the segmental bronchi. Distal: air is visible down to the subsegmental bronchi or beyond. Proximal or intermediate air bronchograms signify accumulation of secretions in central bronchi and indicate the need for fibreoptic bronchoscopy to aspirate secretions: a distal air bronchogram signifies peripheral bronchial obstruction thus precluding effective fibreoptic bronchoscopy; chest physiotherapy is then a more appropriate treatment. The proximal air bronchogram may change in extent or definition-sometimes rapidly; a receding or an increasingly poorly defined proximal air bronchogram are danger signals of centrally accumulating secretions which may lead to respiratory arrest.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Pulmonary atelectasis formation during diving with closed-circuit oxygen breathing apparatus.

The physiological effects of diving with two types of closed-circuit oxygen breathing apparatus were investigated in 4 divers. In one apparatus the breathing bag was mounted on the dorsum and in the other on the chest, inducing -2 kPa and +1 to +2 kPa static lung load in the prone position, respectively. The back-mounted bag caused an unfavorable swimming position, with increased heart rate, breathing rate, and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) for work load. The greater internal and external work of breathing (the latter judged from the higher RPE for breathing resistance) probably contributed to a higher RPE for discomfort with the back-mounted bag. Three divers showed great reduction in vital capacity (VC) (0.8 to 1.9 liters) and developed coughing attacks after dives with this apparatus; these results were interpreted as possible indications of atelectasis formation. The 4th diver showed slight reduction in VC with both types of bag, possibly because the changes in static lung loads did not influence the airway closure in this man.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Rounded atelectasis of the lung. A well defined radio-tomographic syndrome].

Rounded atelectasis (AR) is an unusual type of pulmonary peripheral collapse which may mimic a tumour mass. Seven patients with AR underwent radiological work up by mean of multiple imaging modalities; radiographic and conventional tomographic features were invariably sufficient to make the correct diagnosis. For this reason, more sophisticated or invasive diagnostic procedures are presently not indicated.

Aged↗
PubMed1985

[Recurrent atelectasis disclosing a post-traumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta. Apropos of 2 cases].

The authors report 2 cases, in which recurrent and reversible atelectasis of the left lung was the only manifestation leading to a diagnosis of post-traumatic aneurysm of the thoracic aorta at an early stage (D + 5). Other classically described signs were absent. These 2 cases demonstrate the need to seek an aortic aneurysm following any severe trauma. They emphasize the importance of bronchial endoscopy in this type of trauma. They confirm the value of CAT scan investigation.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Pulmonary circulatory adaptation to acute atelectasis in man.

Pulmonary functional veno-arterial shunt determinations were made breathing 100% oxygen in thirty consecutive patients during thoracotomy with one-lung anesthesia. Initially, with both lungs ventilated (FiO2 100%), the mean shunt value was 18.1 +/- 1.2% (S.D.). With the collapse of one lung by deflation and surgical pneumothorax, the shunt rose to 36.0 +/- 1.5%. With time the value fell: 36.0 +/- 1.5% at five minutes, 30.3 +/- 1.4% at fifteen minutes, 30.3 +/- 1.4% at thirty minutes, 28.1 +/- 1.4% at sixty minutes, and 24.6 +/- 2.8% after two hours. This trend was significant at a p value of less than 0.001. This study for the first time documents in man the phenomenon of pulmonary circulatory adaptation to acute atelectasis.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1983

[Atelectasis - bronchoscopy and unilateral ventilation].

Atelectasis in the postsurgical patient or patients on artificial ventilation problems is a frequently occurring complication. Bronchoscopy, local secretion removal by suction, lavage and vigorous positive pressure ventilation in many cases fail to re-expand the collapsed lung. Intubation after bronchoscopy by a double lumen tube permits systematic overinflation of the collapsed lung whereas the other lung is open to atmospheric pressure. In this manner the opening pressure of the collapsed lung can be overcome without overdistension of the other lung. The result is a marked improvement of oxygenation by reducing the venous admixture in lung.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Atelectasis.

The pathogenesis, clinical presentation, radiographic signs, and treatment of atelectasis are reviewed.

Bronchography↗