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[Fractures of the ankle joint and the astragalus. New aspects in diagnosis and treatment (author's transl)].

Five separate problems are discussed: additional lesions of the ankle joint in lower-leg fractures; posterior plate fixation of short oblique distal fibula fracture; reversed lag-screw fixation of small avulsed fragment of the medial malleolus; reduction of smaller posterior tibia lip fragment through the lateral malleolus; primary tibiotalar fusion in the most severe astragalar fractures.

Ankle Injuries↗

Morphology and general characteristics of phages specific for Astragalus cicer rhizobia.

Three newly isolated phages, K1, K2, and C1, specific for A. cicer rhizobia were characterized by their morphology, host range, rate of adsorption, restriction endonuclease patterns, and DNA molecular weights. All three phages were classified to the morphological group B of Bradley's (Siphoviridae family) on the basis of presence of hexagonal in outline heads and long noncontractile tails. Phages K1, K2, and C1 are related by host range and restriction endonuclease patterns. The molecular weights of phage DNAs estimated from restriction enzyme digests were in the range from 64.6 kb to 68.5 kb.

Bacteriophages↗

The amino acid composition of the proteinaceous component of gum tragacanth (Asiatic Astragalus spp.).

Six Iranian and seven Turkish samples of commercial gum tragacanth, and a sample of Turkish 'gum traganton', have been studied. Their nitrogen content varied from 0.17 to 0.58%. Their amino acid compositions are characterized by the presence of very large but variable proportions of hydroxyproline and substantial proportions of serine, proline and valine. The data presented may be useful for extending the current specifications for identity and purity, at present based solely on polysaccharide parameters, for gum tragacanth (E413).

Amino Acids↗

Evidence for the safety of gum tragacanth (Asiatic Astragalus spp.) and modern criteria for the evaluation of food additives.

Gum tragacanth (GT), affirmed as GRAS within the USA since 1961, was evaluated as 'ADI not specified' by JECFA in 1985. Within the EEC, GT has been permitted temporarily as a food additive (E413), without an ADI, since 1974; a decision regarding its permanent status must be reached before the end of 1988. This review collates the dietary, toxicological, immunological and chemical data available and presents the pre-requisite data concerning the 'Need' and low levels of utilization of GT.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗