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At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Medium-dose antacids versus cimetidine in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer.

Seventy-eight patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcer were randomly allocated to be treated with a medium dose of liquid aluminum-magnesium antacid (75 ml in five daily doses) or cimetidine (400 mg twice daily) for 4 weeks in a prospective double-blind, double-dummy study. Healing rates at completion of trial were 66.7% in the cimetidine-treated group and 71.8% in the antacid group (p, ns). Both treatments were equally effective in relieving ulcer symptoms. Among the patient variables considered, only cigarette smoking was found to have a significant negative effect on ulcer healing. These results indicate that medium doses of antacids are as effective as cimetidine in the short-term treatment of duodenal ulcer.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Preoperative oral antacid therapy for patients requiring emergency surgery.

Preoperative oral antacid therapy has been used effectively to reduce the number of emergency obstetric patients "at risk" of developing acid-aspiration syndrome. Thirty-three nonobstetric adult patients requiring emergency surgery were selected to determine whether the protective effects of antacid therapy could also be derived in this high-risk group. Maalox-treated patients had a mean gastric pH of 6.46 +/- 0.5 and gastric volume 21.5 +/- 3.6 ml, with none at risk, whereas control patients had mean pH of 3.71 +/- 0.43, gastric volume 71.5 +/- 16.5 ml, and 42.1% at risk. This report suggests that preoperative antacid therapy should reduce the incidence of acid aspiration and subsequent morbidity and mortality in patients requiring emergency surgery.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1986

Effectiveness of foaming antacid in relieving induced heartburn.

A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover study was made of 60 patients with chronic heartburn to test the efficacy of foaming antacid in promoting symptom relief. Heartburn was induced by a meal consisting of chili, black coffee, and a spicy tomato drink mix. Of the 60 patients, 40 (67%) had relief within 15 minutes after taking foaming antacid tablets as compared to only 17 (28%) after taking a placebo. The difference in response was significant (P less than .05). Foaming antacid appears to be an effective therapy for acute postprandial heartburn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

The influence of antacid on the absorption of two different sustained-release formulations of theophylline.

Twelve healthy volunteers were treated with two different sustained-release formulations of theophylline (Nuelin Depot 350 mg and Theo-Dur 300 mg) twice daily in an open cross-over study. The serum levels in steady state without and with concomitant administration of antacid were studied. Antacid did not influence the serum theophylline levels in the Theo-Dur treatment period, while in the Nuelin Depot treatment period antacids caused a significantly larger increase in serum levels of theophylline after drug intake. The difference between morning and peak concentrations were also much higher with the combination Nuelin Depot/antacid. This implies that physicochemical factors such as gastrointestinal fluid pH might influence the degradation and/or absorption of some slow-release theophylline formulations as reflected in serum concentrations, and thereby contribute to the therapeutic and side effects of such drugs.

Absorption↗
PubMed1987

Effects of antacids and food on absorption of famotidine.

The effect of a high potency antacid and food on the bioavailability of famotidine was studied in 17 healthy volunteers in an open randomized three-way cross-over trial. After an overnight fast, famotidine was administered to each subject as follows: 40 mg famotidine orally alone; 40 mg orally with antacid; and 40 mg orally with a standard breakfast. Coadministration of the antacid caused a small but significant reduction in the maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) of famotidine from 81.1 +/- 54.2 to 60.8 +/- 21.6 ng ml-1 (P less than 0.05) and a small decrease in the area under plasma concentration-time curve [AUC] from 443.3 +/- 249.2 to 355.0 +/- 125.1 ng ml-1 h (P greater than 0.05). However, there was only a minimal effect of food on these parameters; the Cmax and [AUC] were 81.6 +/- 29.6 ng ml-1 and 434.8 +/- 145.9 ng ml-1 h, respectively.

Antacids↗
PubMed1997

Interaction between sotalol and an antacid preparation.

AIMS: The aim of the study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic interaction between sotalol and antacids, and its pharmacodynamic relevance. METHODS: In a randomized cross-over design with three treatment groups, six healthy volunteers received orally either 160 mg of sotalol alone (phase 1), or 160 mg sotalol plus 20 ml of a suspension of an antacid (MAH; magnesium hydroxide (1200 mg) and aluminium oxide (1800 mg)) (phase 2) or 160 mg sotalol plus the antacid given 2 h after sotalol administration (phase 3). Heart rate and plasma sotalol concentrations were measured before and 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12 and 24 h after sotalol administration. Urinary sotalol excretion was measured for 24 h after sotalol application. RESULTS: Cmax of sotalol decreased from 1.22 +/- 0.22 mgl-1 (phase 1) to 0.89 +/- 0.29 mgl-1 (phase 2) and increased again to 1.27 +/- 0.18 mgl-1 in phase 3. A similar significant change was noted in AUC (15.6 +/- 2.75 mgl-1, 12.3 +/- 3.04 mg h l-1 and 15.0 +/- 2.06 mgl-1) and in the amount of cumulative urinary excretion (79.2 +/- 11.1 mg, 72.1 +/- 11.2 mg and 80.6 +/- 7.9 mg), respectively. tmax and elimination half-life (t1/2,z) of sotalol remained unchanged in the presence of MAH. After combined administration with MAH, the area under the heart rate curve of sotalol was reduced between 0 and 4 h when compared across treatments. CONCLUSIONS: Combined administration of sotalol and MAH decreased the serum sotalol levels. The interaction can be avoided by a two hour interval between application of these drugs.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1993

Plasma aluminium in a reference population: the effects of antacid consumption and its influence on biochemical indices of bone formation.

Aluminium is involved in the etiology of several complications of chronic renal failure and has been firmly established as having toxic effects on bone tissue. We have measured plasma aluminium together with serum osteocalcin, procollagen I C-terminal peptide and total alkaline phosphatase activity in healthy subjects and in a group of subjects who consumed aluminium-containing and non-aluminium containing antacid preparations, with normal renal function. Age-related healthy reference ranges for plasma aluminium are presented and the effects of chronic antacid consumption on plasma aluminium and biochemical markers of bone formation investigated. In 172 healthy subjects the mean plasma aluminium concentration was 4.4 +/- 2.9 micrograms L-1, men having a significantly greater circulating aluminium load than women (5.4 +/- 2.8 micrograms L-1 vs. 4.0 +/- 2.8 micrograms L-1 respectively (P = 0.0039)). Older men were found to have significantly higher plasma aluminium levels than younger men. Increased plasma aluminium was seen in subjects taking antacids although this was not associated with significant changes in most indices of bone formation.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

A comparative evaluation of liquid antacids commercially available in the United Kingdom.

Twenty-six liquid antacids have been assessed using a procedure which permits comparisons to be made in terms of 'antacid efficiency' parameter which reflects both the ability to maintain pH above 3 and the duration of the effect. A wide variation in activity was demonstrated in the preparations tested and it was concluded that antacids could be classified into four categories according to potency.

Antacids↗
PubMed1983

A comparative assessment of a new antacid formulation based on magaldrate.

A new antacid formulation (Dynese) based on magaldrate, a discrete chemical entity with marked antacid properties, has been compared in vitro with several commercially available antacid preparations. All preparations were tested for their ability to maintain gastric pH within acceptable limits and to effectively bind bile acids. Sodium concentrations were also determined. Dynese was shown to compare very favourably with existing preparations in that it had a prolonged even neutralization profile, efficient bile acid binding properties and a low sodium content.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗
PubMed1984

Efficacy of clear antacid prophylaxis in obstetrics.

We studied 33 women scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for cesarean section. Prior to induction of anesthesia, each patient received in a random fashion one of two prophylactic antacids. Group I (n = 17) received 30 ml Gelusil orally and Group II (n = 16) received 30 ml of 0.3 mol/l sodium citrate. After induction of general anesthesia an oro-gastric tube was passed. The amount and pH of the gastric aspirate were measured at the time of delivery and 45 min after delivery "before extubation." Both antacids elevated gastric pH above 3.5 in all patients but one in the Gelusil group. The pH remained elevated 45 min later. It is concluded that 0.3 mol/l sodium citrate is effective as an antacid when given orally prior to induction of anesthesia.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The assessment of gastric acidity and antacid effect in pregnant women by a non-invasive radiotelemetry technique.

Non-invasive radiotelemetry techniques were used for the in-vivo assessment of gastric acidity and the effect of antacids in non-pregnant women and women in the third trimester of pregnancy. A particulate (magnesium trisilicate mixture) and a non-particulate (sodium citrate) antacid were studied. There was no significant difference in basal gastric acidity and gut transit time between the pregnant and non-pregnant subjects. The median and range of values for the efficacy (defined as the integrated area under the pH/time curves) of sodium citrate was 138.3 pH.min (29.8-520.7) in the non-pregnant and 103.0 pH.min (54.3-375.6) in the pregnant subjects. The median and range of values for the duration of action of sodium citrate were 38.6 (18.1-147.4) min in the non-pregnant and 30.5 (20.0-119.1) min in the pregnant women. Magnesium trisilicate mixture resulted in a greater intragastric pH change and had a greater efficacy than sodium citrate, but the duration of action of the two antacids was similar.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Parietal cell density in duodenal ulcer patients after short-term treatment with cimetidine and antacids.

In a prospective study, 20 patients with endoscopically proven duodenal ulcers were randomised to be treated with cimetidine 1 g daily or with antacids 350 mmol daily. The duration of treatment was 30 days, but this was extended to three months in 3 patients in the cimetidine group and 4 patients in the antacid group. A morphological study of biopsies taken via a gastroscope from the corpus mucosa showed no change in mucosal height, parietal cell density per unit volume or changes in cellular infiltration after 30 and 90 days treatment in the two groups. Neither H-2 receptor blockers nor antacids alter mucosal height or parietal cell density. Treatment was not found to induce gastritic changes in the mucosa.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

In-vitro interaction of a novel immunosuppressant, FK 506, and antacids.

The effect of selected antacids on the amount of FK 506 in solution in simulated gastric juice has been studied. FK 506 (2.5 mg) was incubated in 100 mL simulated gastric fluid (SGF) with the equivalent of 500 mg of various antacids. The addition of Mylanta and Tums resulted in 14 and 30% loss of FK 506, respectively, in 24 h; 98% loss was observed in 12 h in the presence of Mag-Ox; 100% loss was observed in the presence of magnesium oxide powder in 2 h. The loss of FK 506 from these solutions appears to be due to a pH mediated degradation of FK 506. The addition of aluminium hydroxide gel USP (Roxane) to the FK 506 solution resulted in a 35% loss within 2 min but no further loss was noted for 24 h, indicative of adsorption of FK 506. These results suggest that until additional in-vivo studies are carried out, it is prudent not to dose FK 506 and antacids at the same time to avoid potential interactions.

Antacids↗
PubMed1989

Effect of oral antacid administration on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous doxycycline.

The effect of oral antacid administration on the pharmacokinetics of intravenous doxycycline was studied. In a randomized crossover design, six healthy male volunteers received an infusion of 200 mg of doxycycline hyclate on two occasions separated by 7 days. On one occasion, subjects were given 30 ml of aluminum hydroxide orally four times a day for 4 days, beginning 2 days prior to doxycycline dosing. Blood and urine samples were collected up to 48 and 96 h after the infusion, respectively, and were analyzed by a microbial assay. Values for volume of distribution at steady state, nonrenal clearance, urine recovery, and urine pH were not statistically different among treatment groups. With concomitant antacid therapy, the half-life of intravenous doxycycline was shortened from 16.2 +/- 2.6 to 11.2 +/- 1.2 h (P = 0.003), and total body clearance increased from 37.4 +/- 6.5 to 54.1 +/- 12.3 ml/min (P = 0.008). Area under the concentration-time curve for serum was decreased by 18 to 44%, with a 22 to 41% increase in renal clearance. Although the increase in nonrenal clearance ranged from 11 to 128%, the high variability led to a nonsignificant difference (P = 0.07). Concomitant oral antacid therapy may significantly enhance the clearance of intravenous doxycycline.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Effect of antacid on absorption of the quinolone lomefloxacin.

The effect of antacid on the absorption of lomefloxacin (LFLX) in humans was studied. When LFLX was orally administered concomitantly with aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacids under fasting conditions, its level in plasma decreased by one-half and its area under the concentration-time curve was reduced by 40% compared with the levels observed after treatment with LFLX alone. The urinary recovery value also decreased by 40%. No such effects were noted after coadministration of LFLX and a nonmetallic antacid. This study confirmed the existence of chelate complexes of LFLX with Al3+ and Mg2+ and examined the chelating strength. The stability constants of LFLX with Al3+ and Mg2+ were measured and compared with those of ofloxacin and norfloxacin; little difference was observed among them. LFLX was found to bind more strongly with Al3+ than with Mg2+. Further, the existence of chelate formation was proven by 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The decrease in the LFLX level in plasma in humans could be explained by a reduced absorption of the Al(3+)- and Mg(2+)-LFLX chelate complexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Effect of cimetidine and antacid on gastric microbial flora.

The effect of a standard regimen of cimetidine on the gastric flora of 20 male volunteers was studied in a double-blind manner and compared with the effects of a standard antacid regimen. Postprandial microbial titers in gastric aspirates were significantly higher at 4, 8, and 16 weeks of therapy in subjects taking antacids and at 4 weeks in subjects taking cimetidine when compared with their pretreatment titers. Although not significant, there was a tendency for fasting microbial titers to be higher in subjects receiving cimetidine as compared with pretreatment titers. The higher titers were primarily related to increases in survival of mouth flora (viridans streptococci and Neisseria spp.); Enterobacteriaceae and other nitrate-reducing organisms were unusual isolates. There was no significant difference in the total titers or types of organisms isolated when subjects taking cimetidine were compared with those taking antacid.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

High dose of antacid (Mylanta II) reduces bioavailability of ranitidine.

To investigate the effect of antacid on the bioavailability and disposition of ranitidine six healthy volunteers were studied on two occasions one week apart. In the first study the received ranitidine 150 mg with 60 ml water, and in the second study they received ranitidine 150 mg plus 30 ml of an aluminium/magnesium hydroxide mixture (Mylanta II) and 30 ml water. Giving antacid reduced both the maximum plasma ranitidine concentration and the area under the curve by one-third; elimination of the drug was not changed. Thus giving a high dose of antacid significantly diminished the bioavailability of ranitidine.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Antacids and peptic ulcer--a reappraisal.

Antacids can reduce gastroduodenal acidity for long periods if taken in substantial quantities after food. Their healing effect on gastric ulcer is minimal, if present at all, and easily overwhelmed by the benefit obtained from admission to hospital. Intensive antacid therapy appears effective in healing duodenal ulcer and preventing haemorrhage from stress ulcer, and is comparable in these respects with cimetidine but with a higher incidence of side-effects. Clinical impression strongly suggests that antacids relieve pain in peptic ulcer but objective confirmation is lacking.

Aluminum Hydroxide↗