SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “AMNION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 415 records · Page 23Linked to original sources

PubMed1991

Anaerobic coverage for intra-amnionic infection: maternal and perinatal impact.

Although intrapartum antibiotics are beneficial to both the mother and newborn, there is no consensus as to the most efficacious antibiotic regimen in the treatment of intra-amnionic infection, especially with regard to anaerobic coverage. We randomized pregnant women with intra-amnionic infection to receive either dual agent therapy (ampicillin and gentamicin) or triple agent therapy (ampicillin, gentamicin, and clindamycin). The frequency of vaginal and cesarean delivery was similar in both groups. There was no significant difference in the incidence of endometritis between the two groups (10 of 69 versus 5 of 64; p = NS). There were no significant differences in either neonatal morbidity or mortality. The addition of clindamycin to provide anaerobic coverage for intra-amnionic infection does not significantly alter the incidence of endometritis in women delivered by cesarean section, although it may have an impact on women delivering vaginally.

Ampicillin↗

PubMed1982

Expression and distribution of vimentin and keratin filaments in heterokaryons of human fibroblasts and amnion epithelial cells.

The expression of intermediate filaments of the keratin- and the vimentin-type was studied in heterokaryons of human fibroblasts and amnion epithelial cells by immunofluorescence microscopy. Fibroblasts and their homokaryons showed a fibrillar, vimentin-specific fluorescence throughout the cytoplasm but were negative when stained for keratin. Amnion epithelial cells and their homokaryons, on the other hand, showed a keratin-specific fibrillar staining, and only some of them contained also detectable vimentin. When suspended epithelial cells were fused with adherent fibroblasts, keratin fibrils spread within 3 h into the fibroblasts, intermixing with the vimentin fibrils. 1-3 d after fusion, both vimentin and keratin filaments were expressed as typical fibrillar cytoplasmic arrays, and the distribution of keratin in heterokaryons resembled closely that of vimentin. A typical cell-to-cell arrangement of keratin fibrils, seen in cultures of amnion epithelial cells, could also be found between heterokaryons. Treatment of the cultures with vinblastine sulphate induced coiling of the vimentin filaments in both homo- and heterokaryons, whereas the keratin organization was only slightly affected. Our results show that both vimentin and keratin filaments are incorporated into the cytoskeleton of heterokaryons formed between fibroblasts and epithelial cells, and that they behave in the same way as in their parental cells. Both epithelial and fibroblastic characteristics thus appear to the coexpressed in such heterokaryons.

Cell Fusion↗

PubMed1991

Low incidence of positive amnionic fluid cultures in preterm labor at 27-32 weeks in the absence of clinical evidence of chorioamnionitis.

In order to determine the utility of amniocentesis for detecting subclinical chorioamnionitis in asymptomatic afebrile women in preterm labor with intact membranes, we enrolled 47 women between 27-32 weeks' gestation in a prospective study. After enrollment, 38 women fulfilled all clinical and laboratory criteria for the study; nine women were excluded because they had a leukocyte count exceeding 15,000/microL. None of the 38 asymptomatic afebrile women had a positive culture from the amnionic fluid for bacteria, fungi, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Chlamydia trachomatis, or any viruses. Sepsis was not proved in any of the 38 infants delivered to these patients. There was a clear relationship between histologic evidence of chorioamnionitis and failure of tocolytic therapy. Fetal lung profiles were mature in 29% of the amnionic fluid samples from 30-32 weeks' gestation, but in none of the amnionic fluid samples before 30 weeks. Amniocentesis does not seem useful to detect chorioamnionitis in asymptomatic afebrile women with preterm labor and intact membranes at 27-32 weeks' gestation, and should be reserved for those cases in which information about fetal lung maturity would be helpful.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Role of Ureaplasma urealyticum in amnionitis.

Ureaplasma urealyticum is commonly isolated from the amniotic fluid of unselected individuals with intact membranes at the time of cesarean section even prior to onset of labor. The risk of placental infection increases with onset of labor, rupture of membranes and number of vaginal examinations. Qualitative cultures of women with clinical signs of intraamniotic infection and matched controls indicate that U. urealyticum can be found in 50% of amniotic fluid samples of both groups thus suggesting that it may not be a cause of clinical amnionitis. To gain further understanding of the potential role of this organism, we performed amniotic fluid and blood cultures and measured serologic responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in women with clinical intraamniotic infection and matched controls. U. urealyticum was the single most common bacterial species isolated from maternal blood and amniotic fluid but the isolation rate did not differ between symptomatic and asymptomatic women. Also other known pathogenic bacteria were often isolated from amniotic fluids containing ureaplasmas. However, the marked difference in serologic response between symptomatic and asymptomatic women and the occurrence of ureaplasmemia in some suggest that in certain individuals U. urealyticum may be a cause of clinical amnionitis. Serologic responsiveness, ureaplasmemia and isolation of ureaplasmas in pure culture from amniotic fluid of some asymptomatic women suggest that U. urealyticum may also be a cause of clinically silent amnionitis. Previous studies have shown a significant association between chorioamnionitis documented by histopathology and isolation of U. urealyticum from the placenta or infant but not the maternal cervix.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chorioamnionitis↗

PubMed1989

Subclinical amnionitis in patients with intact membranes in preterm labour.

Preterm delivery is the major obstetric and paediatric problem, being responsible for much perinatal morbidity and mortality. Subclinical amnionitis may cause preterm labour and delivery. The rate of subclinical bacterial infection of amniotic fluid was studied in 25 afebrile pregnant women with intact membranes in preterm labour. Specimens of amniotic fluid were collected by transabdominal amniocentesis. Serum and amniotic fluid lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were assessed to determine their usefulness in making the diagnosis of subclinical amnionitis. Aerobic bacteria were isolated from 48% (12/25) of the specimens. Thus, subclinical amnionitis may play a substantial role in patients with intact membranes in preterm labour. However, transabdominal amniocentesis is not routinely indicated in similar asymptomatic patients because microbiological and especially LDH studies require further evaluation.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed2000

Effects of inflammatory cytokines on prostaglandin E(2) production from human amnion cells cultured in serum-free condition.

The effects of five inflammatory cytokines, i.e. interleukin(IL)-1alpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) on prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production from amnion cells cultured in a serum-free condition was evaluated. After human amnion cells obtained from term placenta were incubated with the inflammatory cytokines at various concentrations, PGE(2) production in the culture supernatant was determined using an enzyme immunoassay method. Under a serum-free culture condition, an increase in PGE(2) production by IL-1alpha and IL-1beta was observed at concentrations of 10 and 100 ng/ml compared to control cultures. However, the increases in PGE(2) production by IL-6 and IL-8 were found at relatively high concentrations, i.e. at 100 and 200 ng/ml. TNF-alpha induced a significant increase in PGE(2) production at 50 and 100 ng/ml, but not at 200 ng/ml. These data suggest that these inflammatory cytokines directly stimulate PGE(2) production from amnion cells and may initiate premature labor if amniotic inflammatory cytokines are elevated, e.g. following intrauterine infection.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Human amnion in the management of chronic ulceration of the lower limb: a clinico-pathologic study.

This study shows that unmodified human amnion can make a useful contribution to the management of venous ulceration. By suppressing infection, and, by providing a healthy granulating surface, it significantly reduces the pre-skin graft preparation time, when compared with a conventional method of treatment. However, it does not seem to significantly influence the prospects of graft take, or of long term graft survival, in this comparison. A reversion towards normal of local vasculature, as characterized by vessel wall thinning and widening of the lumen, appears to be a significant tissue change induced by amnion treatment. Such a change may have considerable relevance in any analysis of the basis of the therapeutic efficacy of amnion.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

Amniotic bands associated with early rupture of amnion due to an intrauterine device.

Amniotic bands in consequence of early rupture of amnion-membrane was found in a spontaneously aborted gestational sac. This case seems to confirm the theory that amniotic bands develop due to amnion rupture principally caused by exogenous less frequently by endogenous factors. In the reported case the exogenous factor was an intrauterine device, the resulting inflammation presumably responsible for rupture of amnion.

Abortion, Spontaneous↗

PubMed1981

[Change of C19-21 steroids levels of maternal serum, amnion and cord plasma by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) (author's transl)].

With normal pregnant and abnormal pregnant cases as the subjects steroids in the maternal serum at term and plasma cord were measured by HPLC and the following results were obtained. 1) The blood at term proved to contain cortisol 165.06 +/- 38.90 ng/ml, cortisone 85.97 +/- 16.40 ng/ml, progesterone 23.42 +/- 8.77 ng/ml and the blood at delivery to contain cortisol 574.68 +/- 156.76 ng/ml, cortisone 100.94 +/- 27.54 ng/ml and progesterone 41.14 +/- 18.31 ng/ml. Amnion contained cortisol 69.40 +/- 16.72 ng/ml, cortisone 26.11 +/- 9.13 ng/ml, progesterone 29.36 +/- 9.35 ng/ml, cord plasma contained cortisol 109.64 +/- 27.41 ng/ml, cortisone 373.32 +/- 88.60 ng/ml and progesterone 450.53 +/- 113.84 mg/ml. 2) The blood at delivery compared to that term showed especially higher lever of cortisol. Maternal serum showed the pattern of cortisol superiority of the corticoid, while cord plasma showed the pattern of cortisone superiority. 3) Significant correlation was observed between amnion and cord plasma in the gestagen and between amnion and maternal serum-cord plasma in corticoid. 4) In severe toxemia of pregnancy and pregnancy with diabetes mellitus some steroids showed significant low levels as compared to normal case. 5) In severe toxemia of pregnancy cortisone/cortisol ratio was irregular as compared to normal case.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed1994

[Diagnosis of bacterial amnionitis].

Results of complex clinical laboratory diagnosis of bacterial amnionitis are analyzed. General clinical, bacteriological, cytological, immunological, and pathomorphological methods of investigation were used. The incidence of amnionitis was 29.8%. Changes in the amniotic fluid and fetal membranes, associated with bacterial amnionitis, were revealed. The authors come to a conclusion on the desirability of profound clinical laboratory monitoring of pregnant patients with infectious inflammatory diseases of the genitals, with habitual abortions, and preterm escape of the amniotic fluid.

Amniotic Fluid↗

PubMed1988

Amnion rupture sequence in previable fetuses.

Amnion rupture sequence is considered an uncommon, sporadic condition among liveborn infants. We have examined 1,010 previable fetuses (9-20 weeks developmental age) to determine the incidence and nature of amnion rupture sequence at this stage of development. We found 18 affected fetuses (15 spontaneous and 3 induced abortions) with the incidence of 1:56. Eleven fetuses had limb constrictions and amputations only; 7 fetuses also had nonlimb involvement, including disruptions of the craniofacial region mimicking encephalocele, unusual facial clefts, and abdominal defects. In 6 pregnancies, constrictions of the umbilical cord by amniotic bands were the cause of fetal intrauterine death.

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMed1983

Expression of c-onc genes: c-fos transcripts accumulate to high levels during development of mouse placenta, yolk sac and amnion.

The c-onc genes c-fos and c-fms are expressed at high levels specifically in mouse extra-embryonal tissues. Here, we report the results of a detailed analysis of expression of these genes within the developing placenta and extra-embryonal membranes (i.e., yolk sac and amnion). (i) The c-fos gene is expressed at relatively high, but nearly constant levels in the undissected placenta throughout gestation. (ii) The level of c-fos transcripts is greater than or equal to 15-fold higher in the separated outer portion of the midgestation placenta (primarily undifferentiated fetus-derived cytotrophoblast maternal decidua) relative to the inner moiety (predominantly differentiated syncytiotrophoblast). (iii) In the inner placenta and in the extra-embryonal membranes c-fos transcripts accumulate as gestation proceeds. The abundance of c-fos transcripts in the micro-surgically isolated 18th day amnion reaches a level which is two orders of magnitude greater than that in midgestation fetuses, and is thus close to the level of v-fos transcripts in virus-transformed cells. (iv) The distribution of c-fos transcripts within the developing extra-embryonal tissues is markedly different from that of the c-fms gene. It is suggested that the c-fos and c-fms proteins may participate in differentiation, growth or transport processes occurring in mouse extra-embryonal tissues.

Amnion↗

PubMed2004

Human amnion mesenchyme cells express phenotypes of neuroglial progenitor cells.

Previous studies from our laboratory showed that human amnion epithelial cells (AECs) have multiple functions, such as synthesis and release of catecholamines, acetylcholine, neurotrophic factors, activin, and noggin. In this study, we investigated the identity of neural progenitor cells in human amnion mesenchyme cells (AMCs), which lie immediately adjacent to the AECs. Cryostat sections revealed that vimentin expression was detected in the AMCs and CK19 in AECs. Vimentin-positive cells made up 97.5% of total cells tested in cultured AMCs. Interestingly, 3.6% of total AMCs expressed the phenotype CK19+/vimentin+, indicating coexpression of epithelial and mesenchyme cell markers. In culturing with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) for 24 hr, 66-82% of cells were found to be BrdU positive, suggesting that they have proliferating potency. By using RT-PCR, AMCs express mRNA of nestin and Musashi1. With a neural cell differentiating protocol, cell bodies extended long bipolar or complex multipolar processes. Nestin (87.7% of total cells tested) and Musashi1 (93.1%) were expressed in undifferentiated cells, and their positively stained cells increased in number slightly after induction. Undifferentiated cells were stained by anti-Tuj1 and NF-M, and their positively stained cells increased significantly in number after induction, to 72.8% and 46.0%, respectively. Meanwhile, glial fibrillary acidic protein-positive cells increased from 25.4% to 43.2% after induction. These studies demonstrate that AMCs have phenotypes of neuroglial progenitor cells and can be differentiated into neuroglial phenotypes by optimal differentiation protocol. Eventually, AMC-derived stem cells may be a favorable cell vehicle in regenerative medicine.

Amnion↗

PubMed1994

Coenzyme A-independent transacylation in amnion-derived (WISH) cells.

Total membranes or microsomal fractions prepared from the amnion-derived WISH cell line posses a coenzyme A-independent transacylase activity. The transacylase utilizes 1-alkenyl- and 1-alkyl-2-lysoglycerophospholipids as preferred acceptors. Marginal transacylation was observed with 1-acyl-2-lysoglycerophospholipids. The reaction occurred in the presence of ethylene glycol bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)-N,N'-tetraacetic acid and was not affected by phospholipase A2 inhibitors. Both 1-acyl- or 1-alkyl-glycerophosphocholines containing an arachidonoyl residue in the sn-2 position were effective as donors, while 2-oleoyl- or 2-palmitoyl-glycerophosphocholines were ineffective. The presence of the transacylase, the specificity of the substrates, and the stability of the 1-alkenyl bond provide a biochemical model that may explain the increased proportion of a highly enriched arachidonate-containing phosphatidyl-ethanolamine-plasmalogens fraction that is found in amnion at term.

Acylation↗

PubMed1981

Regulation of human amnion cell growth and morphology by sera, plasma, and growth factors.

The requirements of human epithelial cells derived from the amnion membrane for serum factors were investigated. The growth promoting effects of human whole blood serum (WBS), platelet-poor defibrinogenated plasma, and plasma-derived serum (PDS) were examined in primary cultures of these ectodermal cells. The numbers of population doublings recorded after 10 days in the presence of 10% WBS, defibrinogenated plasma, or PDS were 2.3, 2.0 or 1.5, respectively. Although dialysis of sera or plasma had little effect on growth promotion, it markedly decreased the capacity of plasma to maintain cells in culture beyond 10 days. The differences in growth activities could not be attributed to the presence of anticoagulant in plasma and PDS or to the presence of excess calcium in PDS. Platelet lysates and purified platelet-derived growth factor had no effect on growth. Amnion cell growth was enhanced by epidermal growth factor (EGF) or hydrocortisone, but the glucocorticoid did not condition cells to respond to growth factors. Insulin and fibroblast growth factor singly or in combination had no effect on cell replication. Giant cell formation accompanied maintenance in hydrocortisone with defibrinogenated plasma and PDS. Discrete regions of dense population appeared in the presence of hydrocortisone, EGF, and undialyzed supplements.

Amnion↗

PubMed1988

Light-stimulated ultraweak photon reemission of human amnion cells and Wish cells.

Photon reemission in the ultraweak intensity range that is observed after irradiation of cell suspensions with light, reveals characteristic differences between normal human amnion cells and transformed Wish cells from the same parental tissue. The reemission kinetics, approximated best by a hyperbolical process, were studied as a function of cell density, showing that: malignant Wish cells have a photon storage capacity that is not improved by increasing the cell density; and that normal amnion cells exhibit a photon storage capacity that strongly increases with increasing cell density. The interpretation of this effect and the nature of the emitter are discussed.

Amnion↗

PubMed2004

Expression of inflammatory markers in pig amnion after intraamniotic infection with nonpathogenic or enteropathogenic Escherichia coli.

The pig amnion was in vivo intraamniotically infected with E. coli for 10 h at 80-85 d of gestation either with the nonpathogenic O86 strain or enteropathogenic O55 strain. TNF-alpha, IL-10, IL-1beta and IFN-gamma were determined in amniotic fluids by ELISA, the expression of cytokines and some other inflammatory markers was determined by immunohistochemistry. Intraamniotic infection induced high levels of TNF-alpha in amniotic fluids which correlated with bacterial virulence whereas IL-10 was induced only by O86. The IL-1beta level did not increase significantly and was expressed in all infected membranes. IFN-gamma was negligible or absent. TNF-alpha, IL-12p40, calprotectin, HSP65 and gp91phox were found by immunohistochemistry only in amnion membranes infected with the enteropathogenic strain 055.

Amnion↗

PubMed1986

Labor in humans: 1. Progesterone, 20 alpha-dihydro-progesterone, estrone and 17 beta-estradiol in near placental and most distant human amnion and chorion laeve in various stages of labor at term.

In some species the onset of labor is regulated by changes in the estrogen/progesterone ratio. The same change in fetal membranes has been suggested to be one of the triggering mechanisms of labor in humans. In order to examine if a gradient in steroid concentration existed in fetal membranes and if changes in concentrations could be observed with the onset and advancing labor, the concentration of progesterone (P), 20 alpha-dihydro-progesterone (20 alpha-OHP), estrone (E1) and 17 beta-estradiol (E2) were determined by specific radioimmunoassay in the near placental and most distant regions of human amnion and chorion laeve obtained at term, before, at the onset and in advanced labor. Both estrogen and progestin concentrations in the chorion were higher than in the amnion. No gradient in the concentration of steroids was found. No statistically significant differences in estrogen and progestin levels were associated with the onset of labor.

20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone↗