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PubMed2003

Summary and recommendations of a National Cancer Institute workshop on issues limiting the clinical use of Monte Carlo dose calculation algorithms for megavoltage external beam radiation therapy.

Due to the significant interest in Monte Carlo dose calculations for external beam megavoltage radiation therapy from both the research and commercial communities, a workshop was held in October 2001 to assess the status of this computational method with regard to use for clinical treatment planning. The Radiation Research Program of the National Cancer Institute, in conjunction with the Nuclear Data and Analysis Group at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, gathered a group of experts in clinical radiation therapy treatment planning and Monte Carlo dose calculations, and examined issues involved in clinical implementation of Monte Carlo dose calculation methods in clinical radiotherapy. The workshop examined the current status of Monte Carlo algorithms, the rationale for using Monte Carlo, algorithmic concerns, clinical issues, and verification methodologies. Based on these discussions, the workshop developed recommendations for future NCI-funded research and development efforts. This paper briefly summarizes the issues presented at the workshop and the recommendations developed by the group.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Results of the third immunology of leprosy/immunology of tuberculosis antimycobacterial monoclonal antibody workshop.

An international workshop was sponsored by the World Health organization to screen new antimycobacterial monoclonal antibodies and to identify antibodies which could be recommended as standard reagents giving consistent results under differing assay conditions. Fifty-eight antibodies were submitted to the workshop by eight independent laboratories. Nineteen of the antibodies recognized antigens distinct from those identified in earlier workshops, defining at least 10 new protein antigens. Monoclonal antibodies characterized in the workshop provide a set of convenient reagents for further characterization of mycobacterial antigens.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Engine reconditioning workshops: lead contamination and the potential risk for workers: a pilot study.

Lead concentrations were measured in surface dust, airborne dust, air, and grinding material from five engine reconditioning workshops to evaluate the impact on blood lead concentrations (PbB) of 10 employees. Lead in the environmental samples ranged from trace amounts to extremely high concentrations (4667 mg/m2). The highest concentrations in surface wipes were found in areas where engine deposits are removed from valves and valve seats. The amounts of lead in long term dustfall accumulation and static air filter samples varied with the position in the workshop and the amount of ventilation. In all but one workshop, the air lead concentrations exceeded Australian occupational guidelines of 150 micrograms Pb/m3. PbB ranged from 4.5 to 25.3 micrograms/dl. There was an empirical relation between the cleanliness, work practices, ventilation of the workshops, lead concentrations in environmental samples and PbB. Office employees not directly exposed to the leaded dust had the lowest PbB. Those who smoked had the highest PbB. Several relatively inexpensive recommendations were made to the owners to minimise exposure of the workers and in most cases these have been implemented.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Summary report of the TD-3 workshop: characterization of 83 antibodies against prostate-specific antigen.

Twelve research groups participated in the ISOBM TD-3 Workshop in which the reactivity and specificity of 83 antibodies against prostate-specific antigen (PSA) were investigated. Using a variety of techniques including cross-inhibition assays, Western blotting, BIAcore, immunoradiometric assays and immunohistochemistry, the antibodies were categorized into six major groups which formed the basis for mapping onto two- and three-dimensional (2-D and 3-D) models of PSA. The overall findings of the TD-3 Workshop are summarized in this report. In agreement with all participating groups, three main antigenic domains were identified: free PSA-specific epitopes located in or close to amino acids 86-91; discontinuous epitopes specific for PSA without human kallikrein (hK2) cross-reactivity located at or close to amino acids 158-163; and continuous or linear epitopes shared between PSA and hK2 located close to amino acids 3-11. In addition, several minor and partly overlapping domains were also identified. Clearly, the characterization of antibodies from this workshop and the location of their epitopes on the 3-D model of PSA illustrate the importance of selecting appropriate antibody pairs for use in immunoassays. It is hoped that these findings and the epitope nomenclature described in this TD-3 Workshop are used as a standard for future evaluation of anti-PSA antibodies.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Tumor marker workshops.

Since 1996, the nine ISOBM Workshops have so far characterized more than 300 monoclonal antibodies to a variety of tumor markers that include CA125, AFP, PSA, MUC1, Cytokeratins, Sialyl Le(a), hCG, CEA, ALP, and more recently SCC, and S100. Besides the basic characterization of antibodies and their epitope configurations, several workshops have also addressed specific problems associated with multiple antigen variants. These workshops have been able to make significant advances well beyond those possible through any normal collaboration study. The data and impact of these workshops with their summary reports are reviewed.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1991

Draft results of a workshop to develop guidelines for studies involving microbial incidence or populations in the oral cavity.

The following five outlines are the results to date of the Workshop held in Rockville, Maryland, in January, 1990. The topics considered in these outlines are: (1) validation of immunological and/or nucleic acid identification probes, (2) cross-calibration of methods and/or laboratories for multi-laboratory cooperative studies, (3) choosing methods for identifying or describing microbial populations appropriate to the scientific question asked, (4) microbial ecology methods (e.g., population dynamics) for the oral cavity studies, and (5) epidemiological methods (e.g., incidence, risk factor analysis) for oral microbial studies. Each topic was considered by two independent groups of participants and later rationalized into one. These outlines are meant to be working outlines for evolution of a set of guidelines to advise on designing studies with microbial incidence and/or population components. We are publishing this preliminary version to elicit comment and criticism from people who did not attend the Workshop. (Attendance at the Workshop was necessarily limited by both space and funds). Some of the topic outlines have been condensed to save Journal space. The full document is available on request. The next stage will be an open forum to gather and discuss further amplification of the "Guidelines", planned for April 17, 1991, Acapulco, Mexico, in conjunction with the IADR/AADR Meeting. Written comments and requests for further information should be sent to the Workshop organizer (MIK) at the above address.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

DNA, Bacterial↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Increasing transcultural awareness: the McMaster-Aga Khan-CIDA Project workshop model.

McMaster-Aga Khan-CIDA Project personnel at McMaster University School of Nursing over a period of four years designed and conducted eight one-day introductory workshops for nurses, faculty, staff, host families, and others involved with Pakistani nurses and Lady Health Visitors studying in Canada. The workshops (entitled Increasing Intercultural Awareness) assisted the Canadian and international participants to improve their awareness and knowledge of transcultural communication in preparation for working and socializing together. Using a participatory and active-learning approach, the workshop method introduced participants to transcultural communication; emphasized appreciation of cultural values, similarities and differences; and provided country-specific information on Pakistan. This article outlines the workshop design and rationale and describes specific examples of the transcultural nursing principles, practices, and teaching activities included in the one-day event.

Canada↗
PubMed2004

Proceedings of the workshop on food-consumption surveys in developing countries: future challenges.

The workshop "Food-consumption surveys in developing countries: Future challenges," held in Chiang Rai, Thailand, January 25--26, 2003, brought together 30 nutritionists and food safety experts from 10 Southeast Asian countries as well as from countries outside the region. It provided a forum for sharing information and experiences relating to food-consumption survey methodology. It enabled detailed discussions of the gathering of food-consumption data in developing countries for purposes of nutrition assessment, exposure assessment, and studies of diet-disease relationships. The workshop participants emphasized the need to obtain the support of policy and decision makers to establish a mechanism for conducting regular coordinated food-consumption surveys to meet these needs. The participants emphasized the importance of identifying all relevant stakeholders and involving them in the planning and conduct of these surveys. A number of technical issues related to food-con.sumption surveys were discussed, including food-intake methodologies. It was felt that surveys on individuals are preferred, and a combination of 24-hour recall and food-frequency questionnaire would most likely provide the required data. The workshop emphasized the need to develop, maintain, and update databases at the national and regional levels for nutrients and non-nutrients as well as contaminants and food additives. To ensure that surveys are conducted regularly and professionally, the importance of having qualified and trained personnel was emphasized. Several issues related to reports of food-consumption data were discussed, including timely reporting, effective dissemination, and appropriate usage. The participants unanimously recommended the organization of further technical meetings or workshops to follow up on recommended activities and enable continuing regional collaboration on food-consumption surveys.

Data Collection↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Solvent exposures at shoe factories and workshops in Hebron City, West Bank.

Exposure to organic solvents has been reported to increase the risks for acute and chronic health effects among shoe industry workers. In developing countries, protection against chemical exposures is often not provided. The study was conducted to identify working conditions and estimate the concentrations of organic solvents used in shoe factories and workshops in Hebron City. Personal interviews containing questions related to personal protective equipment (PPE) were used to identify working conditions, and samples collected from factories and workshops were analyzed using gas chromatography. Geometric means (GMs) were calculated for the solvents. Six major organic solvents were detected in the factories. Acetone (GM = 51.5 mg/m3, GSD = 3.82) was common in gluing tasks. Dichloromethane (GM = 47 mg/m3, GSD = 2.62) was common in cleaning tasks. Heptane, methylethyl ketone, n-hexane, and toluene were common in gluing tasks. Four major organic solvents were detected in the workshops: acetone (GM = 32.3 mg/m:3, GSD = 6.33), toluene (GM = 70.3 mg/m3, GSD = 3.06), n-hexane (GM = 19.4 mg/m3:, GSD = 2.65), and methylethyl ketone (GM = 130 mg/mM3, GSD = 1.5). 81% of the factory workers had never used respiratory protective equipment, and 92% had never used work clothes. 97% of the workers in the workshops had never used respiratory protective equipment, 94% had never worn gloves, and 90% had never used work clothes. Exposures to solvents in the absence of personal Protective equipment, tasks barriers, and mechanical ventilation can adversely affect health.

Acetone↗
PubMed2001

International classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome: synopsis of a post-conference workshop held at the Ninth International (Tours) aPL Symposium.

An international workshop on classification criteria for antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) was held on 16 September 2000 in Tours, France, following the Ninth International APS Symposium. The workshop addressed issues that were not resolved by the previous (1998) international workshop on the classification criteria. Participants at the workshop agreed that no changes should be made to the international (Sapporo) criteria at the present time. However, to improve the criteria, future efforts should be focused on the following: (1) further evaluation of the international (Sapporo) criteria for definite APS; (2) definition of other categories of APS such as 'probable' and 'possible' APS; (3) guidelines for the clinical diagnosis as distinct from classification of APS; (4) strategies to improve the compliance of laboratories worldwide, with recommended procedures for Lupus anticoagulant (LA) and anticardiolipin (aCL) assays; (5) development of monoclonal antibody standard reagents for aCL and LA assays; and (6) refinement and subsequent evaluation of antibeta2GPI assays for use in idenfitication of APS.

Antiphospholipid Syndrome↗
PubMed2004

Meeting the unmet need for depression services with psycho-educational self-confidence workshops: preliminary report.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of depression has not fallen despite effective treatments being available. AIMS: To examine the effectiveness of a psycho-educational intervention designed to be easily accessible. METHOD: Large-scale, self-referral 'How to improve your self-confidence' workshops were run in a leisure centre at weekends. The day-long programme used a cognitive-behavioural approach. A randomised controlled trial design using waiting-list controls was employed. Three months after the workshop, results of workshop participants were compared with those of the waiting list control group. RESULTS: Among 120 people who self-referred, 75% of participants had General Health Questionnaire scores of 3 and above. Over 39% had never previously consulted their general practitioners about their depression. At 3-month follow-up, members of the experimental group were significantly less depressed, less distressed and reported higher self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS: Workshops were shown to be accessible and effective; a larger, more rigorous trial is now needed.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Enhancing the effectiveness of One-Minute Preceptor faculty development workshops.

BACKGROUND: The One Minute Preceptor (OMP) faculty development workshop is aimed at improving outpatient preceptors' abilities to teach in ambulatory settings. Practice applying the 5 microskills is central to learning the OMP, yet participants frequently avoid the role-playing portion of the standard workshop. Task complexity may result in significant cognitive burden while learning these new teaching skills. DESCRIPTION: The development of highly scripted case scenarios and standardized learners (SLs) to role-play authentic teaching situations are aimed at reducing task complexity. We describe case development, SL training, and application of these enhancements in 5 OMP workshops. EVALUATION: Qualitative assessments and workshop participant evaluations showed improved role-playing participation and satisfaction with the authenticity of the training sessions. CONCLUSION: The introduction of highly scripted cases and SLs appear to effectively help participants overcome dissatisfaction with role-playing and provide increasingly challenging yet authentic clinical teaching scenarios for skills practice. We recommend further research using objective measures.

Ambulatory Care↗
PubMed2004

Physiologically based pharmacokinetics in drug development and regulatory science: a workshop report (Georgetown University, Washington, DC, May 29-30, 2002).

A 2-day workshop on "Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetics (PBPK) in Drug Development and Regulatory Science" came to a successful conclusion on May 30, 2002, in Washington, DC. More than 120 international participants from the environmental and predominantly pharmaceutical industries, Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and universities attended this workshop, organized by the Center for Drug Development Science, Georgetown University, Washington, DC. The first of its kind specifically devoted to the subject, this intensive workshop, comprising 7 plenary presentations and 10 breakout sessions addressed 2 major objectives: (1) to "define demonstrated and potential contributions of PBPK in drug development and regulatory science," and (2) to "assess current PBPK methodologies with the identification of their limitations and outstanding issues." This report summarizes the presentations and recommendations that emerged from the workshop, while providing key references, software, and PBPK data sources in the appendices. The first day was initially devoted to presentations setting the stage and providing demonstrated applications to date. This was followed by breakout sessions that considered further opportunities and limitations, and which extended into Day 2 to deal with developments in methodologies and tools. Although the primary emphasis was on pharmacokinetics, consideration was also given to its integration specifically with mechanism-based pharmacodynamics.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Around Semipalatinsk nuclear test site: progress of dose estimations relevant to the consequences of nuclear tests (a summary of 3rd Dosimetry Workshop on the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site area, RIRBM, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 9-11 of March, 2005).

The paper is an analytical overview of the main results presented at the 3rd Dosimetry Workshop in Hiroshima(9-11 of March 2005), where different aspects of the dose reconstruction around the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site(SNTS) were discussed and summarized. The results of the international intercomparison of the retrospective luminescence dosimetry(RLD) method for Dolon' village(Kazakhstan) were presented at the Workshop and good concurrence between dose estimations by different laboratories from 6 countries (Japan, Russia, USA, Germany, Finland and UK) was pointed out. The accumulated dose values in brick for a common depth of 10mm depth obtained independently by all participating laboratories were in good agreement for all four brick samples from Dolon' village, Kazakhstan, with the average value of the local gamma dose due to fallout (near the sampling locations) being about 220 mGy(background dose has been subtracted).Furthermore, using a conversion factor of about 2 to obtain the free-in-air dose, a value of local dose approximately 440 mGy is obtained, which supports the results of external dose calculations for Dolon': recently published soil contamination data, archive information and new models were used for refining dose calculations and the external dose in air for Dolon village was estimated to be about 500 mGy. The results of electron spin resonance(ESR) dosimetry with tooth enamel have demonstrated the notable progress in application of ESR dosimetry to the problems of dose reconstruction around the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site. At the present moment, dose estimates by the ESR method have become more consistent with calculated values and with retrospective luminescence dosimetry data, but differences between ESR dose estimates and RLD/calculation data were noted. For example mean ESR dose for eligible tooth samples from Dolon' village was estimated to be about 140 mGy(above background dose), which is less than dose values obtained by RLD and calculations. A possible explanation of the differences between ESR and RLD/calculations doses is the following: for interpretation of ESR data the "shielding and behaviour" factors for investigated persons should be taken into account. The "upper level" of the combination of "shielding and behaviour" factors of dose reduction for inhabitants of Dolon' village of about 0.28 was obtained by comparing the individual ESR tooth enamel dose estimates with the calculated mean dose for this settlement. The biological dosimetry data related to the settlements near SNTS were presented at the Workshop. A higher incidence of unstable chromosome aberrations, micronucleus in lymphocytes, nuclear abnormalities of thyroid follicular cells, T-cell receptor mutations in peripheral blood were found for exposed areas (Dolon', Sarjal) in comparison with unexposed ones(Kokpekty). The significant greater frequency of stable translocations (results of analyses of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes by the FISH technique) was demonstrated for Dolon' village in comparison with Chekoman(unexposed village). The elevated level of stable translocations in Dolon' corresponds to a dose of about 180 mSv, which is close to the results of ESR dosimetry for this village. The importance of investigating specific morphological types of thyroid nodules for thyroid dosimetry studies was pointed out. In general the 3rd Dosimetry Workshop has demonstrated remarkable progress in developing an international level of common approaches for retrospective dose estimations around the SNTS and in understanding the tasks for the future joint work in this direction. In the framework of a special session the problems of developing a database and registry in order to support epidemiological studies around SNTS were discussed. The results of investigation of psychological consequences of nuclear tests, which are expressed in the form of verbal behaviour, were presented at this session as well.

Body Burden↗
PubMed2003

Summary of a workshop on regulatory acceptance of (Q)SARs for human health and environmental endpoints.

The "Workshop on Regulatory Use of (Q)SARs for Human Health and Environmental Endpoints," organized by the European Chemical Industry Council and the International Council of Chemical Associations, gathered more than 60 human health and environmental experts from industry, academia, and regulatory agencies from around the world. They agreed, especially industry and regulatory authorities, that the workshop initiated great potential for the further development and use of predictive models, that is, quantitative structure-activity relationships [(Q)SARs], for chemicals management in a much broader scope than is currently the case. To increase confidence in (Q)SAR predictions and minimization of their misuse, the workshop aimed to develop proposals for guidance and acceptability criteria. The workshop also described the broad outline of a system that would apply that guidance and acceptability criteria to a (Q)SAR when used for chemical management purposes, including priority setting, risk assessment, and classification and labeling.

Education↗
PubMed1984

Report on the Consensus Workshop on Formaldehyde.

The Consensus Workshop on Formaldehyde consisted of bringing together scientists from academia, government, industry and public interest groups to address some important toxicological questions concerning the health effects of formaldehyde. The participants in the workshop, the Executive Panel which coordinated the meeting, and the questions posed, all were chosen through a broadly based nomination process in order to achieve as comprehensive a consensus as possible. The subcommittees considered the toxicological problems associated with formaldehyde in the areas of exposure, epidemiology, carcinogenicity/histology/genotoxicity, immunology/sensitization/irritation, structure activity/biochemistry/metabolism, reproduction/teratology, behavior/neurotoxicity/psychology and risk estimation. Some questions considered included the possible human carcinogenicity of formaldehyde, as well as other human health effects, and the interpretation of pathology induced by formaldehyde. These reports, plus introductory material on the procedures used in setting up the Consensus Workshop are presented here. Additionally, there is included a listing of the data base that was made available to the panel chairmen prior to the meeting and was readily accessible to the participants during their deliberations in the meeting. This data base, since it was computerized, was also capable of being searched for important terms. These materials were supplemented by information brought by the panelists. The workshop has defined the consensus concerning a number of major points in formaldehyde toxicology and has identified a number of major deficits in understanding which are important guides to future research.

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced↗
PubMed1990

Cotinine analytical workshop report: consideration of analytical methods for determining cotinine in human body fluids as a measure of passive exposure to tobacco smoke.

A two-day technical workshop was convened November 10-11, 1986, to discuss analytical approaches for determining trace amounts of cotinine in human body fluids resulting from passive exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). The workshop, jointly sponsored by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Centers for Disease Control, was attended by scientists with expertise in cotinine analytical methodology and/or conduct of human monitoring studies related to ETS. The workshop format included technical presentations, separate panel discussions on chromatography and immunoassay analytical approaches, and group discussions related to the quality assurance/quality control aspects of future monitoring programs. This report presents a consensus of opinion on general issues before the workshop panel participants and also a detailed comparison of several analytical approaches being used by the various represented laboratories. The salient features of the chromatography and immunoassay analytical methods are discussed separately.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

Summary: workshop on health risks attributable to ETS exposure in the workplace.

This 1998 workshop was convened to address the health risks of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) in the workplace. It was paired with a 1997 workshop on issues related to ETS exposure in work environments ((italic)1(/italic)). In the 1998 workshop, a multidisciplinary group of participants was charged with reviewing evidence on the quantitative risks to health posed by ETS and to discuss development of risk assessment methodology for the future. The overall charges for the present workshop were to consider various health outcomes and make recommendations regarding those health outcomes to be included in assessment of health risk resulting from ETS in the workplace; to consider available studies addressing these health outcomes and to evaluate the validity of data for estimating risk from occupational ETS exposure; to review and evaluate mathematical models useful for estimating the risk due to ETS exposure; to examine dose-response models and to characterize the models regarding validity and uncertainty in estimating health risk attributable to ETS exposure in the workplace.

Asthma↗