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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2003

Weight control and the management of obesity after menopause: the role of physical activity.

BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal women have an increased tendency for gaining weight. The declines of endogenous estrogen, together with physical inactivity, are probably the major causes of this phenomenon. Postmenopausal overweight and obesity leads to increased rates of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease, and all cause mortality. Additional consequences may include hormone-dependent cancer, gallstones, nephrolithiasis, and osteoarthritis. Weight loss can reverse many of these complications, reduce the number and dosages of medications used, and improve longevity. This difficult task requires lifestyle modification. OBJECTIVES: To review the current information about the effects of physical activity on postmenopausal weight gain and its consequences and to provide basic strategies to treat obesity during the menopause transition. METHODS: A Medline search together with a manual search of selected articles. CONCLUSION: Several options for weight loss are available, yet lifestyle modification is essential in managing postmenopausal obesity and overweight. While this demands dietary and behavioral changes, a major element of this modification is regular physical activity, which reduces obesity-related morbidity and mortality. The amendment to a healthier lifestyle is achievable at the postmenopausal years. All medical personnel should advocate against overweight and obesity and provide tools for their management.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Weight control for high school wrestlers.

Anthropometric measurements were obtained from 141 Nebraska State Tournament wrestlers in order to predict their ideal minimum wrestling weight via the Tipton-Tcheng predictim equation. An r of .93 was found between predicted weight and actual weight for 131 of the state tournament qualifiers (excluding heavy-weights). Data indicated that the winners more nearly approximated their predicted weight than did the losers. The mean percent difference between actual weight showed that the upper weight classes (138- 185) more closely approximated their predicted weight than the lower weight than the lower weight classes (98-132). The results indicate that a prediction equation can reliably predict a wrestlers ideal weight and could be used to eliminate unwise weight reduction practices.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Solving the problem of weight control for tube-fed patients.

Many patients requiring an enteral tube feed have low energy requirements or are overweight, with some patients gaining weight on as little as 1200 kcal/day. Most standard tube feeds supply 1500-2000 kcal/day. This has previously created a problem for dietitians and clinicians as giving a reduced volume to lower the energy supply has often resulted in the feed being incomplete with respect to vitamins, minerals and trace elements. A new feed, Fresubin1000 Complete, has been specially developed to overcome these difficulties. One litre supplies all nutrient requirements, including fibre, and only 1000 kcal. It is presented in a convenient, easy-to-use, pre-filled bag, the EasyBag. Fresubin1000 Complete is ACBS approved.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

A double-blind clinical trial in weight control. Use of fenfluramine and phentermine alone and in combination.

We performed a double-blind, controlled clinical trial comparing phentermine resin (30 mg in the morning), fenfluramine hydrochloride (20 mg three times a day), and a combination of phentermine resin (15 mg in the morning) and fenfluramine hydrochloride (30 mg before the evening meal), and placebo. We combined low doses of the two drugs to maintain efficacy while diminishing adverse effects. Eighty-one people with simple obesity (130% to 180% of ideal body weight) participated. Individualized diets were prescribed and discussed again during the 24-week study period. Weight loss in those receiving the combination (8.4 +/- 1.1 kg; mean +/- SEM) was significantly greater than in those receiving placebo (4.4 +/- 0.9 kg; Scheff é's test) and equivalent to that of those receiving fenfluramine (7.5 +/- 1.2 kg) or phentermine (10.0 +/- 1.2 kg) alone. Adverse effects were less frequent with the combination regimen than with other active treatments. Thirty-seven participants dropped out of the study, 18 for reasons related to drug treatment. Combining fenfluramine and phentermine capitalized on their pharmacodynamic differences, resulting in equivalent weight loss, fewer adverse effects, and better appetite control.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Effects of a weight-control promotion program on parents' responses to family eating situations.

The purpose of this research was to evaluate an education intervention program designed to prevent weight problems in children by encouraging family changes in food selection, eating habits, and activity levels. The Preschool Eating Patterns (PEP) Program worked with parents, teaching procedures of reinforcement and extinction to encourage or discourage various practices. Thirty-six families participating in the PEP program served as the experimental group and 11 families as a comparison group. The program was evaluated by assessing parents' verbalizations and behaviors relevant to their children's eating patterns. The results suggest that the PEP program is a promising education intervention leading to more constructive parental responses to family eating situations, but further investigations are necessary to determine whether the program is truly preventive of future overweight.

Adult↗