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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1991

The molecular biology of swinepox virus. II. The infectious cycle.

Studies based on low-stringency hybridizations of radiolabeled swinepox virus (SPV) DNA to Southern blots containing DNA of representative members of the Orthopoxvirus, Leporipoxvirus, and Avipoxvirus genera and the Entomopoxvirus subfamily have revealed no DNA homology at this level of resolution. Antigenic relatedness between SPV and vaccinia was also analyzed using immunoprecipitations and revealed little if any cross-reactivity. The growth characteristics of SPV in tissue culture were examined by light microscopy and revealed both a delayed and a different cytopathology than that of vaccinia virus. SPV causes foci in pig kidney cells that are not evident until at least 4 days postinfection, whereas vaccinia rapidly generates plaques on these cells. The kinetics of DNA accumulation, protein expression, and RNA transcription of SPV have been examined and indicate that each of these facets of the SPV growth cycle is also considerably delayed when compared to vaccinia virus. Our data indicate that swinepox virus is unique from other poxviruses characterized to date and supports the classification of swinepox virus into a separate genus, Suipoxvirus, within the poxvirus family.

Animals↗
PubMed2026

Classification and sequencing of hepatitis D virus from a large cohort of chronically infected individuals paired with co-infecting hepatitis B virus sequencing: a genomic characterisation study.

BACKGROUND: The most severe form of viral hepatitis is caused by co-infection of hepatitis D virus (HDV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Phylogenetic analyses classify HBV and HDV into eight major genotypes: HBV GTA to GTH and HDV GT1 to GT8. Paired HBV and HDV sequencing data from participants with chronic hepatitis delta are scarce. We aimed to sequence and genotype HDV and HBV from a large cohort of participants from clinical studies and diverse countries of origin. METHODS: 407 participants with chronic hepatitis D from 24 countries were characterised (124 participants from MYR301 clinical trial, 93 from MYR204, 114 from MYR202, and an additional 76 participants from diverse geographical locations). HBV and HDV from participants were analysed using sequencing, enzyme immunoassay, or both to determine HBV and HDV genotypes. BLAST analysis and phylogenetics were used to determine HBV and HDV genotypes with reference sequence libraries. Bulevirtide treatment response (measured by HDV RNA decline and normalisation of alanine aminotransferase) was compared by genotype for MYR trial participants. FINDINGS: HDV sequencing assays were successful for 386 (95%) of 407 participants and HBV sequencing or serology-based HBV genotyping assays were successful for genotyping 395 (97%) participants. For individual genotypes, HBV GTD (336 [83%] participants) and HDV GT1 (364 [89%]) were the most prevalent. For paired HBV-HDV genotypes, HBV-HDV D/1 was most common (320 [79%] of 407) followed by A/1 (30 [7%]). Phylogenetic analyses of HDV full-genome sequences showed distinct clusters of sequences within HDV GT1, and four novel provisional HDV GT1 subgenotypes, HDV GT1fp to HDVGT1ip, were identified. For 218 MYR clinical trial participants, bulevirtide treatment response was similar across HDV GT1 subgenotypes (both established and newly identified). INTERPRETATION: Novel HDV subgenotypes identified in this study indicate a greater genetic diversity of HDV GT1 than previously recognised. This knowledge will be important for developing better diagnostics, and in understanding HDV genotype-specific biology and response to treatment. More extensive HDV sequencing from under-sampled regions, such as Africa, is needed to determine the true breadth of HDV sequence and genotype diversity. FUNDING: Gilead Sciences.

Hepatitis Delta Virus↗
PubMed1999

Sequence analysis and genetic classification of tick-borne encephalitis viruses from Europe and Asia.

The epidemiology of tick-borne encephalitis virus was investigated by comparative sequence analysis of virus strains isolated in endemic areas of Europe and Asia. Phylogenetic relationships were determined from the nucleotide and amino acid sequences of the major envelope (E) protein of 16 newly sequenced strains and nine previously published sequences. Three genetic lineages could be clearly distinguished, corresponding to a European, a Far Eastern and a Siberian subtype. Amino acids characteristic for each of the subtypes ('signature' amino a cids) were identified and their location in the atomic structure of protein E was determined. The degree of variation between strains within subtypes was low and exhibited a maximum of only 2.2% at the amino acid level. A maximum difference of 5.6% was found between the three subtypes, which is in the range of variation reported for other flaviviruses.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1979

Suggestions for the classification and nomenclature of helical plant viruses.

Helical plant viruses are arranged into four families: Flexiviridae, Tobamoviridae, Hordeiviridae, and Tobraviridae. Further division of these families into genera and subgenera is shown. A family-specific, constant amount of RNA per unit virion length and a distinct radial location of RNA from the center of the helix are considered as basic criteria for establishment of these families.

Molecular Weight↗
PubMed1979

Classification of peste des petits ruminants virus as the fourth member of the genus Morbillivirus.

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a virus disease of sheep and goats in West Africa. When first described, the virus was considered a variant of rinderpest virus. The biological and physicochemical characteristics of the virus indicate that it is closely related to measles, rinderpest and canine distemper viruses. These three viruses form the genus Morbillivirus of the Paramyxoviridae. PPR virus is sufficiently distinct from these 3 viruses to justify considering it as the fourth member of the Morbillivirus genus.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

[Classification and genome structure of influenza virus].

Influenza A and B viruses contain eight negative-strand RNA segments, while influenza C virus contains seven, each of which encodes 1 or 2 proteins. The RNA segments possess untranslated regions(UTRs) at 3' and 5' ends. The UTRs are composed of highly conserved terminal nucleotides and segment-specific nonconserved nucleotides located adjacent to the open reading frame of the viral RNAs. They are responsible for transcription, translation, and replication of viral RNA. We recently found that the sequences at both ends of the coding regions are important for efficient packaging of the RNA segments into influenza A virus particles. This information allowed us to generate recombinant viruses with chimeric RNA segments containing foreign gene sequences, providing a rational design for an influenza virus vector.

Animals↗