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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Oxidative stress during selenium deficiency in seedlings of Trigonella foenum-graecum and mitigation by mimosine Part II. Glutathione metabolism.

Adaptive alterations in glutathione (GSH) metabolism were studied during oxidative stress induced by selenium (Se) deficiency in germinating seedlings of Trigonella foenum-graecum grown for 72 h and the response to supplementation individually of Se or mimosine was explored. Growth enhancement with improved mitochondrial efficiency was elicited by supplementation of Se at 0.5-0.75 ppm or mimosine at 0.1-0.2 mM. Total thiol and protein levels of mitochondrial and soluble fractions, in general, did not vary significantly with supplementation of either Se or mimosine except that the mitochondrial protein levels in mimosine groups (0.1-0.2 mM) decreased by 20-30%. Mitochondrial glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) increased by twofold in activity toward H2O2, cumene hydroperoxide (CHP), and t-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP) in Se groups, and by 50-60% increase toward H2O2 and CHP but by a twofold enhancement in enzyme activity with tBHP in mimosine groups. Soluble GSH-Px activity increased by 30-40% only in mimosine groups and remained unaltered in Se groups. Glutathione S-transferase activity (GST) in the soluble fraction of both Se and mimosine groups increased dramatically by fivefold to sixfold. Distinct differences were noted in the response of the stressed seedlings toward exposure to Se or mimosine and included a decline in glutathione reductase (GR) activity by 50-60% in both mitochondria and soluble fractions of Se groups and an increase in GR activity of the mitochondria by twofold and of the soluble enzyme activity by 30% in the mimosine groups. Mimosine exposure resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase levels, but, in contrast, a significant enhancement by 50% was noted in the Se group at 0.75 ppm. The results including the differential response of GR activity to Se or mimosine supplementation are reflective of an effective reductive environment in Se groups and increased turnover of GSH in the presence of mimosine.

Glutathione↗
PubMed2001

Transdermal ketoprofen mitigates the severity of postoperative sore throat : [Le kétoprofène transdermique réduit le mal de gorge postopératoire].

PURPOSE: To evaluate prospectively the incidence and severity of postoperative sore throat in 63 orotracheally intubated patients undergoing general anesthesia for various surgical procedures and to determine whether postoperative sore throat could be attenuated by treatment with the transdermal nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen applied on the anterior skin of the neck during operation. METHOD: Patients were randomly assigned to have treatment with ketoprofen (ketoprofen group) or to have placebo tape treatment (control group). Postoperative analgesia was obtained by continuous epidural infusion of local anesthetics, and no narcotics were administered intraoperatively or postoperatively. All patients were interviewed postoperatively after 12-20 hr using a scoring scale questionnaire. Sore throat was scored as 0=no sore throat, 1=minimal, 2=mild, 3=moderate, 4=severe. RESULTS: In the control group, 16 of 32 patients had a sore throat. In the ketoprofen group, less patients (ten of 31 patients) had a sore throat (not significant). The severity of sore throat was alleviated significantly in the ketoprofen group (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: This study suggests the pain caused by tracheal intubation is relieved by intraoperative topical use of transdermal ketoprofen.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2002

Physical activity does not mitigate G-protein-related genetic risk for obesity in individuals of African descent.

The G-protein beta3 subunit 825 TT genotype has been associated with obesity and hypertension. We examined the interaction between the G-protein TT genotype, physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in a cross-sectional study of African immigrants and African Americans. The genotype frequencies were 6.3% CC, 37.7% CT, and 56% TT. After adjusting for potential confounders, BMI was found to be significantly higher in the sedentary than in the physically active participants (p=0.045). There was no statistically significant effect for genotype (p=0.215) or the interaction between genotype and the level of physical activity (p=0.219). However, the individuals with the CC or CT genotype who were physically active had substantially lower BMIs (M+/-SE) (i.e., 25.74+/-2.02) than any of the other groups: sedentary CC + CT (30.58+/-1.03), sedentary TT (30.65+/-1.00) or active TT (29.43+/-1.65). Because of the low statistical power of this study, further research is needed to confirm these findings and to explore potential gene-environment/lifestyle interactions.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Recurrent mitigated erysipelas in severe combined immunodeficiency].

A patient with congenital severe combined swiss-type immune deficiency suffered from recurrent cellulitis and at least 26 documented cases of bacterial pneumonia. Parenteral immunoglobins prevented the recurrence of the bacterial pneumonias but not of the cellulitis. This was successfully halted by benzathine penicillin injections every four weeks.

Erysipelas↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Antioxidants may mitigate the deterioration of coronary arteritis in patients with Kawasaki disease unresponsive to high-dose intravenous gamma-globulin.

During the early stages of Kawasaki disease, a marked increase in oxygen-free-radicals (OFRs), which are produced by activated polymorphonuclear cells, may induce coronary arteritis. Early use of high-dose intravenous gamma-globulin (IVIG) and aspirin effectively blocked this deteriorating course of coronary arteritis; however, late use of IVIG, even using a high-dose schedule, did not achieve the same efficacy. The causes and reactions to the scenario of IVIG refractoriness have rarely been mentioned in the literature. We present an 11-month-old male infant with Kawasaki disease and deteriorating coronary arteritis owing to late use of IVIG who showed dramatic responsiveness to the addition of alpha-tocopherol and ascorbic acid. We also discuss the possible mechanism.

Antioxidants↗
PubMed2006

Control strategy optimization for attainment and exposure mitigation: case study for ozone in Macon, Georgia.

Implementation of more stringent 8-hour ozone standards has led the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency to designate nonattainment status to 474 counties nationwide, many of which had never previously violated air quality standards. As states select emission control measures to achieve attainment in these regions, their choices pose significant implications to local economies and the health of their citizens. Considering a case study of one such nonattainment region, Macon, Georgia, we develop a menu of potential controls that could be implemented locally or in neighboring parts of the state. The control menu offers the potential to control about 20-35% of ozone precursor emissions in most Georgia regions, but marginal costs increase rapidly beyond 15-20%. We link high-order ozone sensitivities with the control menu to identify cost-optimized strategies for achieving attainment and for alternative goals such as reducing spatially averaged or population-weighted ozone concentrations. Strategies targeted toward attainment of Macon ozone would prioritize local reductions of nitrogen oxides, whereas controls in the more densely populated Atlanta region are shown to be more effective for reducing statewide potential population exposure to ozone. A U.S. EPA-sanctioned approach for demonstrating ozone attainment with photochemical models is shown to be highly dependent on the choice of a baseline period and may not foster optimal strategies for assuring attainment and protecting human health.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed2001

Solid waste treatment as a high-priority and low-cost alternative for greenhouse gas mitigation.

The increased concern about environmental problems caused by inadequate waste management, as well as the concern about global warming, promotes actions toward a sustainable management of the organic fraction of the waste. Landfills, the most common means to dispose of municipal solid waste (MSW), lead to the conversion of the organic waste to biogas, containing about 50% methane, a very active greenhouse gas (GHG). One unit of methane has a global warming potential of 21 computed for a 100-year horizon or 56 computed for 20 years. The waste sector in Israel contributes 13% of total greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions for a time horizon of 100 years (for a time horizon of 20 years, the waste sector contribution equals to more than 25% of total GHG emissions). The ultimate goal is to minimize the amount of methane (CH4) by converting it to CO2. This can be achieved by physicochemical means (e.g., landfill gas flare, incineration) or by biological processes (e.g., composting, anaerobic digestion). Since the waste in Israel has a high organic material content, it was found that the most cost-effective means to treat the degradable organic components is by aerobic composting (investment of less than US$ 10 to reduce emission of one ton CO2 equivalent per year). Another benefit of this technology is the ability to implement it within a short period. The suggested approach, which should be implemented especially in developing countries, could reduce a significant amount of GHG at relatively low cost and short time. The development of a national policy for proper waste treatment can be a significant means to abate GHG emissions in the short term, enabling a gain in time to develop other means for the long run. In addition, the use of CO2 quotas will credit the waste sector and will promote profitable proper waste management.

Biodegradation, Environmental↗
PubMed1999

The volatile anesthetic sevoflurane mitigates cardiodepressive effects of platelets in reperfused hearts.

UNLABELLED: Adherent platelets in the coronary system can impair cardiac pump function. The volatile anesthetics sevoflurane, halothane, and isoflurane have been shown to reduce platelet adhesion. Additionally, an inhibitory effect on platelet cyclo-oxygenase-dependent formation of thromboxane A2 (TxA2) has been proposed for sevoflurane. Therefore, we analyzed the influence of sevoflurane on cardiac performance and TxA2 production after intracoronary application of platelets in isolated guinea pig hearts. Isolated guinea pig hearts perfused with Krebs-Henseleit buffer and performing pressure-volume work were employed. We compromised myocardial function by subjecting hearts to ischemia (20 min low-flow plus 10 min stopped-flow) and reperfusion. During low-flow perfusion the coronary endothelium was stimulated by thrombin prior to and during infusion of a bolus of 10(8) washed human platelets. Intervention groups contained either sevoflurane in a concentration being equivalent to 1 MAC in the platelet suspension or in the perfusate or 1 microM SQ29,548 (an isoprostane- and thromboxane-receptor antagonist) in the perfusate. The parameter external heart work (EHW), determined pre- and postischemically, served as criterion for loss of myocardial function. Additionally, formation of transudate and the production of TxA2 were measured during the reperfusion phase. Coronary perfusion pressure and myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate were also determined. Adherent platelets significantly enhanced loss of EHW after ischemia and reperfusion, but strongly attenuated coronary vascular leak. Sevoflurane reduced platelet adhesion when applied to the perfusate, but not when given only to the platelet suspension. However, platelets pretreated with sevoflurane lost their cardiodepressive effects, as did platelets in hearts treated with SQ29,548. Surprisingly, TxA2 formation in hearts was not different after platelet application in comparison to the ischemia control group but was significantly reduced when sevoflurane was applied to the perfusate. Neither metabolic parameters, coronary perfusion pressure, vascular leak nor glycoprotein expression of platelets were influenced by sevoflurane. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Pretreatment of hearts with sevoflurane reduces intracoronary platelet adhesion, most likely via an endothelial mechanism. 2) Pretreatment of platelets with sevoflurane does not reduce platelet adhesion, but nevertheless averts cardiodepressive effects derived from or generated by adherent platelets. 3) Transudate formation of hearts during reperfusion was reduced after platelet application, independent of the adherence of platelets.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Hyperbaric oxygenation mitigates focal cerebral injury and reduces striatal dopamine release in a rat model of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion.

The usefulness of the administration of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) in the treatment of acute focal cerebral ischemia remains debatable. A significant association exists between focal cerebral injury and an excessive release of extracellular dopamine (DA). In vivo microdialysis was used in the present study to examine the effect of HBO on DA release in the striatum during ischemia and reperfusion in rats. The histological changes occurring were also evaluated. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCA) using a surgically placed intraluminal filament. Control rats (n=8) were subjected to 1 h of ischemia, whilst the study rats (n=8) were in addition treated with HBO (2.8 atmospheres of absolute pressure 100% O(2)) during ischemia. Both groups were returned to breathing room air at normal pressure during reperfusion. Microdialysis samples were continuously collected at 15 min intervals at 2 microl.min(-1). The [mean (SE)] increase in release of striatal DA attained significance after 30 min of occlusion of MCA [170 (24)%], and continued to increase [268 (26)% at 45 min] reaching a peak level at 60 min [672 (59)%] before returning to the baseline level during the late reperfusion phase. There was no significant change in the level of DA in HBO treated rats during the period of ischemia. A significant reduction in edema and neuronal shrinkage were observed by histological examination in HBO treated rats when compared to the control rats. The results showed that HBO, when administered during ischemia, offered significant neuroprotection in our experimental model of transient focal cerebral ischemia in the rat. The mechanism seems to imply, at least in part, a reduced level of DA.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Native root xylem embolism and stomatal closure in stands of Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine: mitigation by hydraulic redistribution.

Hydraulic redistribution (HR), the passive movement of water via roots from moist to drier portions of the soil, occurs in many ecosystems, influencing both plant and ecosystem-water use. We examined the effects of HR on root hydraulic functioning during drought in young and old-growth Douglas-fir [ Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco] and ponderosa pine ( Pinus ponderosa Dougl. Ex Laws) trees growing in four sites. During the 2002 growing season, in situ xylem embolism, water deficit and xylem vulnerability to embolism were measured on medium roots (2-4-mm diameter) collected at 20-30 cm depth. Soil water content and water potentials were monitored concurrently to determine the extent of HR. Additionally, the water potential and stomatal conductance ( g(s)) of upper canopy leaves were measured throughout the growing season. In the site with young Douglas-fir trees, root embolism increased from 20 to 55 percent loss of conductivity (PLC) as the dry season progressed. In young ponderosa pine, root embolism increased from 45 to 75 PLC. In contrast, roots of old-growth Douglas-fir and ponderosa pine trees never experienced more than 30 and 40 PLC, respectively. HR kept soil water potential at 20-30 cm depth above -0.5 MPa in the old-growth Douglas-fir site and -1.8 MPa in the old-growth ponderosa pine site, which significantly reduced loss of shallow root function. In the young ponderosa pine stand, where little HR occurred, the water potential in the upper soil layers fell to about -2.8 MPa, which severely impaired root functioning and limited recovery when the fall rains returned. In both species, daily maximum g(s) decreased linearly with increasing root PLC, suggesting that root xylem embolism acted in concert with stomata to limit water loss, thereby maintaining minimum leaf water potential above critical values. HR appears to be an important mechanism for maintaining shallow root function during drought and preventing total stomatal closure.

Disasters↗
PubMed2026

Exercise for the mitigation of cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction in breast cancer patients treated with anthracyclines: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: Cancer therapy-related cardiac dysfunction (CTRCD) is a significant concern for breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy. Although exercise has been proposed as a cardioprotective strategy, existing reviews have largely examined heterogeneous cancer populations receiving varied treatments, leaving a gap in the evidence base focused exclusively on anthracycline-induced CTRCD. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to address that gap by evaluating the effects of long-term exercise on key CTRCD markers in breast cancer patients treated exclusively with anthracyclines. METHODS: A comprehensive search of PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Web of Science was conducted for randomized controlled trials including breast cancer patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy, receiving long-term exercise interventions (&#x2265;&#x2009;12&#xa0;weeks, &#x2265;&#x2009;1 session/week) compared to usual cancer care, and reporting at least one of the following outcomes: left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, cardiac troponin I, cardiac troponin T, or N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide. RESULTS: Six randomized controlled trials involving 360 participants were included. Exercise significantly attenuated cardiac troponin I elevation compared to controls (SMD&#x2009;=&#x2009;-0.50; 95% CI, -0.93 to -0.06; p&#x2009;=&#x2009;0.02). No statistically significant between-group differences were observed for left ventricular ejection fraction, global longitudinal strain, cardiac troponin T, or N-terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide. CONCLUSION: The cardioprotective role of exercise during anthracycline treatment remains uncertain, though the attenuation of cardiac troponin I elevation suggests a potential protective signal warranting further investigation through larger, standardized trials employing advanced assessment modalities and longer follow-up periods.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Kynurenine in combination with probenecid mitigates the stimulation-induced increase of c-fos immunoreactivity of the rat caudal trigeminal nucleus in an experimental migraine model.

Nitroglycerin, often used as a migraine model, results in increased number of c-fos immunoreactive secondary sensory neurons in the caudal trigeminal nucleus. Since synapses between first- and second-order trigeminal neurons are mediated by excitatory amino acids, NMDA receptors are presumably inhibited by kynurenic acid, the only known endogeneous NMDA receptor antagonist. Although kynurenic acid does not cross the BBB, its precursor, kynurenine, if combined with probenecid, crosses it readily. Systemic kynurenine + probenecid treatment significantly diminishes nitroglycerin-induced increase of c-fos immunoreactivity in the brainstem.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Analysis of options for mitigating hemodialysis access-related ischemic steal phenomena.

Steal phenomena associated with brachial bridge grafts for hemodialysis access may compromise blood flow to the forearm. This work is designed to investigate and compare, by means of a simple mathematical model, the potential of six surgical procedures to alleviate steal. A flow model based on an electrical analogue was developed. An untapered 6-mm prosthetic brachial-axillary access (PBAA) was selected as the prototype configuration, and the theoretical effect of six access modifications on forearm flow was analyzed. Major simplifications include the use of Poiseuille's law for estimating arterial resistance and ignoring the contribution of collateral circulation. Intra-operative flow measurements using a Transonic flowmeter were obtained in two individuals undergoing treatment for a steal syndrome. The flow model predicts that the greatest increase in distal flow is achieved by the distal revascularization-interval ligation (DRIL) procedure, followed by a 6-mm axillobrachial artery bypass graft without interval ligation, the conversion of the PBAA to an axillary-axillary loop access, and the conversion to an axillary-brachial access. Intra-operative measurements in two patients agreed closely with theoretical calculations. A simple flow model provides a tractable framework for comparing procedures designed to avoid or treat steal phenomena. Distal revascularization without interval ligation and the conversion of a PBAA to an axillary-axillary loop access or an axillary brachial access can be effective alternatives to the DRIL procedure in selected clinical settings.

Arm↗
PubMed2006

Role of zinc in mitigating the toxic effects of chlorpyrifos on hematological alterations and electron microscopic observations in rat blood.

The present study determined the protective potential of zinc in attenuating the toxicity induced by chlorpyrifos in rat blood. Male Sparque Dawley (SD) rats received either oral chlorpyrifos (13.5 mg/kg body weight) treatment every alternate day, zinc alone (227 mg/l in drinking water) or combined chlorpyrifos plus zinc treatment for a total duration of 8 weeks. The effects of different treatments were studied on various parameters in rat blood including haemoglobin (Hb) levels, total leukocyte count (TLC), differential leukocyte count (DLC), zinc protoporphyrins (ZPP), serum trace elemental concentrations and Scanning Electron Microscopic (SEM) observation of the blood cells. Chlorpyrifos treatment to normal control animals resulted in a significant decrease in TLC and ZPP concentration after 4 and 8 weeks. Chlorpyrifos treated animals also showed significant neutrophilia and lymphopenia after 8 weeks of toxicity. In addition, a significant decrease in serum zinc and iron concentrations were observed following chlorpyrifos intoxication, however, these animals responded with increased serum copper levels following the toxic treatment with this organophosphate. SEM studies of the red blood cells from chlorpyrifos treated animals indicated marked alterations in the topographical morphology of the various cell types, with the prominent feature being common aniscocytosis of the erythrocytes. Oral zinc treatment to the chlorpyrifos treated animals significantly improved the total leukocyte, neutrophil and lymphocyte counts, as well as the otherwise reduced concentrations of ZPP and the levels of various serum trace elements. Protective effects of zinc were also evident in the electron microscopic observations where most blood cell types depicted reverted to a close to the normal appearance. Based upon these data, the present study is first of its kind and suggests that zinc treatment considerably attenuates chlorpyrifos induced toxicity induced in restoring the altered hematological indices and morphological changes.

Animals↗