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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1982

A probe into the possible mechanism underlying the interceptive action of aristolic acid.

Oral administration of aristolic acid (90 mg/kg body weight) on day 6 pregnant and pseudopregnant mice resulted in the termination of pregnancy with in utero fetal death but the length of pseudopregnancy remained unaffected. Peripheral level of progesterone remained statistically uninfluenced in both conditions and exogenous progesterone failed to prevent aristolic acid-induced pregnancy loss, both of which rule out the involvement of luteolysis as the causal factor for the termination of pregnancy. In another experiment, aristolic acid was found to have no inhibitory effect over the maintenance of decidual cell reaction which indicates no inhibitory influence of the compound on uterine utilization of progesterone but points to the fact that presence of concepts is an essential component in the array of mechanism(s) leading to the termination of pregnancy. Probable toxic effect of aristolic acid on the concepts is discussed.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1985

Interception II: postcoital low-dose estrogens and norgestrel combination in 633 women.

The new low-dose hormonal postcoital method, a combination of 200 mcg ethinylestradiol and 2 mg norgestrel was used in 633 women, and a statistically significantly lower observed pregnancy rate was found compared to the expected number of pregnancies if no contraception was used. Patterns of menstruation, its onset and duration, after use of this morning-after pill, are documented in respect to follicular, midcycle and luteal administration. Individual side effects such as nausea, vomiting and mastalgia are noted, but antiemetics did not reduce the incidence. Though efficacy of this technique is not found to be favorable in comparison to the 5 mg ethinylestradiol treatment, the low-dose of steroid, the one-day treatment and its lesser side effects show this alternative morning-after pill suitable for use as a first choice in case of an unprotected sexual encounter.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Pregnane derivatives as pregnancy interceptive agents: efficacy determination on growing trophoblasts (in vitro) and in pregnant hamsters (in vivo).

An in vitro test system was standardized to study potentiality of five hormonally inert pregnane derivatives on growing trophoblasts isolated from ectoplacental cone (EPC) of day 8 hamster embryo. Cells were incubated with different concentrations of respective compounds in surface droplets. The response was determined by analyzing the sequence of changes in cell morphology like attachment, growth, proliferation, differentiation and/or degeneration within 24 or 48 h following seeding. The in vivo efficacy of these compounds was determined in hamster during peri- and immediate post-implantation periods (days 3-8 post coitum). Two compounds 88/583 and 88/585 were found to inhibit not only growth and proliferation of the cells but caused total degeneration within 24 h. The same compounds induced partial to complete resorption of the foetuses in treated animals. Whereas, the other three compounds 88/506, 88/594 and 89/43 that showed lack of comparable potentiality in vitro were found to be equally ineffective in vivo. The results indicate a positive correlationship between in vitro and in vivo activity.

Abortifacient Agents, Steroidal↗
PubMed1989

Interception and retention of Chernobyl-derived 134Cs, 137Cs and 106Ru in a spruce stand.

The time dependence of the specific activity of Chernobyl-derived 134Cs, 137Cs and 106Ru was determined in vegetation and soil samples from an old spruce stand within a period of 600 days after the beginning of the radioactive fallout. The results show that 70% of the total activity of radiocesium and 60% of radioruthenium deposited in the spruce stand were retained initially in the canopy. They were removed from the needles and twigs as a result of weathering (rain, wind, litter fall) and transferred to the forest floor, but only rather slowly (half-lives in the canopy: radiocesium, 90 days for the period 0-130 days, 230 days for the period 130-600 days; radioruthenium, 95 days for the period 0-200 days). The transfer of radiocesium and ruthenium to the forest floor by litter-fall was small when compared with that of weathering by rain or wind (radiocesium 7%, radioruthenium 8%, with respect to the total activity deposited in the canopy). The total deposition of radiocesium and ruthenium in the spruce stand was higher by 20 and 24%, respectively, than that observed in nearby grassland. The deposition velocity of radiocesium in the spruce stand was estimated at 5.5 mm s-1, higher by a factor of 10 than the figure for grassland. Similar values were found for radioruthenium.

Accidents↗
PubMed2025

A cell-state axis underlying colonization in carcinomas with implications for metastasis risk prediction and interception.

Metastasis to the liver drives mortality in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), yet mechanisms of colonization remain unclear. Using genomic barcoding, we developed a clonal competition model under immune surveillance, isolating murine PDAC subclones with high or low liver-colonization potential. Combined transcriptome and chromatin-accessibility analyses revealed a distinct "metastatic-potential axis," separate from the normal-to-PDAC and classical-basal axes. We established "MetScore" as a biomarker of this axis. MetScore distinguishes metastases from primary PDAC tumors in patients, predicts outcomes beyond classical-basal classifications, and generalizes across carcinoma subtypes, suggesting conserved colonization mechanisms. High-MetScore PDAC cells preferentially occupy immune cell-enriched niches, suggesting they remodel the metastatic microenvironment. Functional screening identified c-Fos as a positive mediator of colonization and a candidate anti-metastatic target. Collectively, we identify a cell-state axis underpinning PDAC liver colonization, introduce MetScore as a broadly applicable biomarker, and nominate actionable targets for peri-operative therapeutic intervention.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Interception of residual nitrate from a calcareous alluvial soil profile on the North China Plain by deep-rooted crops: a 15N tracer study.

15N-labeled nitrate was injected into different depths of an alluvial calcareous soil profile on the North China Plain. Subsequent movement of NO3- -N and its recovery by deep-rooted maize (Zea mays L.) and shallow-rooted eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) were studied. Under conventional water and nutrient management the mean recoveries of 15N-labeled nitrate from K(15)NO3 injected at depths 15, 45, and 75 cm were 22.4, 13.8, and 7.8% by maize and 7.9, 4.9, and 2.7% by eggplant. The recovery rate by maize at each soil depth was significantly higher than by eggplant. The deeper the injection of nitrate the smaller the distance of its downward movement and this corresponded with the movement of soil water during crop growth. Deeper rooting crops with high root length density and high water consumption may therefore be grown to utilize high concentrations of residual nitrate in the subsoil from previous intensive cropping and to protect the environment.

Biomass↗
PubMed2005

Role of feedback in the accuracy of perceived direction of motion-in-depth and control of interceptive action.

We quantified the accuracy of the perception of the absolute direction of motion-in-depth (MID) of a simulated approaching object using a perceptual task and compared those data with the accuracy of estimating the passing distance measured by means of a simulated catching task. For the simulated catching task, movements of the index finger and thumb of the observer's hand were tracked as participants tried to "catch" the simulated approaching object. A sensation of MID was created by providing monocular and/or binocular retinal image information. Visual stimuli were identical for perceptual and simulated catching tasks. We confirm previous reports that in the perceptual task, observers judged the object to pass wider of the head than indicated by the visual information provided. Although accuracy improved when auditory feedback was added to the perceptual (button pressing) task, consistent overestimates were still recorded. For the no-feedback simulated catching task, observers consistently overreached, i.e., the hand was further away from the midline than the simulated object at the time of hand closure. When auditory feedback was added to the simulated catching task successful catching was achieved. The relative accuracy in binocular and monocular conditions for individual observers could be partially explained by individual differences in sensitivity to unidirectional changes in angular size and changes in relative disparity. We conclude that catching an approaching ball requires that errors in the perceived direction of MID are corrected by feedback-driven learning in the motor system, and that this learning is more easily achieved for the catching action than for button pressing.

Auditory Perception↗
PubMed2003

Hepatocyte growth factor suppresses renal interstitial myofibroblast activation and intercepts Smad signal transduction.

Interstitial myofibroblasts are alpha-smooth muscle actin-positive cells that play a crucial role in the accumulation of excess extracellular matrix during renal interstitial fibrogenesis. Despite their importance in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis, relatively little is known about the regulators and the mechanism controlling the activation of renal interstitial myofibroblasts in disease conditions. Here, we show that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) acts as a potent inhibitor of the transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1-mediated myofibroblastic activation from normal rat renal interstitial fibroblasts (NRK-49F). Simultaneous incubation of HGF abolished TGF-beta1-induced de novo alpha-smooth muscle actin expression, F-actin reorganization, and interstitial collagen I overproduction in a dose-dependent manner. To decipher the mechanism underlying HGF antagonizing TGF-beta1's action, we examined the effects of HGF on TGF-beta1-mediated Smad signaling. HGF neither inhibited Smad-2/3 phosphorylation and their association with Smad-4 induced by TGF-beta1, nor significantly affected inhibitory Smad-6 and -7 expression and cellular abundance of Smad transcriptional co-repressors in NRK-49F cells. However, pretreatment with HGF markedly attenuated activated Smad-2/3 nuclear translocation and accumulation. This action of HGF was apparently dependent on HGF-mediated extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2 (Erk-1/2) phosphorylation and activation. Inhibition of Erk-1/2 activation by Mek kinase inhibitor PD98059 restored TGF-beta1-mediated Smad-2/3 nuclear accumulation and myofibroblast activation. In vivo, HGF selectively blocked Smad-2/3 nuclear accumulation in renal interstitial cells in the fibrotic kidneys induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction. Therefore, HGF suppresses TGF-beta1-mediated renal interstitial myofibroblastic activation; and this action of HGF is likely related to a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent blockade of Smad nuclear translocation.

Actins↗