Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “information integration”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Human category learning.

Much recent evidence suggests some dramatic differences in the way people learn perceptual categories, depending on exactly how the categories were constructed. Four different kinds of category-learning tasks are currently popular-rule-based tasks, information-integration tasks, prototype distortion tasks, and the weather prediction task. The cognitive, neuropsychological, and neuroimaging results obtained using these four tasks are qualitatively different. Success in rule-based (explicit reasoning) tasks depends on frontal-striatal circuits and requires working memory and executive attention. Success in information-integration tasks requires a form of procedural learning and is sensitive to the nature and timing of feedback. Prototype distortion tasks induce perceptual (visual cortical) learning. A variety of different strategies can lead to success in the weather prediction task. Collectively, results from these four tasks provide strong evidence that human category learning is mediated by multiple, qualitatively distinct systems.

Attention↗
PubMed2001

Integrating electronic information resources for NHS Glasgow staff at the point of need: a model of interlibrary collaboration and resource sharing.

The Glasgow NHS Libraries Consortium has harnessed the political imperative of collaboration and the capability of electronic information resources to address inequalities in access to the knowledge base across NHS Glasgow. They have negotiated consortium arrangements to an extensive range of electronic databases and journals which no single Glasgow NHS library could afford independently. A Project Officer was appointed to undertake the administration, technical work and promotion required to build a Web-based electronic library to deliver resources to all NHS Glasgow staff on an equitable basis. Close partnership with online content providers enabled the Project Officer to find solutions to problems caused by authentication systems and license restrictions. These efforts have culminated in the production of a fully integrated virtual library--the NHS Glasgow e-Library--delivering 11 major electronic databases, 440 full-text electronic journals, 48 electronic textbooks and over 5000 journal contents pages. The NHS Glasgow e-Library is without precedent within the NHS in terms of its wealth of resources, and it provides a model for Scotland-wide access to the knowledge base. The sustainability and transferability of the resource is dependent on a number of key areas-maintenance, user training, evaluation, IT infrastructure and ongoing collaboration and unification. Ongoing research will monitor how far the NHS Glasgow e-Library has strengthened the connection between research evidence and clinical practice.

Communication↗
PubMed1995

Developing an integrated public health information system for Missouri.

The Missouri Department of Health realized it had a problem with 67 different information systems that ran on different platforms and could not communicate with one another. A new, integrated information system, the Missouri Health Strategic Architectures and Information Cooperative (MOHSAIC) is being developed based on information engineering (IE). This article describes IE, the process of developing MOHSAIC, and some key lessons learned in developing the system. Some of the lessons learned include the importance of executive sponsorship, tension between efficiency and program accountability, importance of confidentiality, and difficulties of funding an integrated system. The article stresses how integrated information systems will be important for the viability of public health under health care reform.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1994

Information for integration. A senior services program spurs development of a multi-hospital integrated network.

In 1985 St. Charles Hospital, Oregon, OH, and Mercy Hospital of Toledo, OH, launched a plan to jointly offer a continuum of services to area seniors. A multidisciplinary team of professionals from both hospitals decided that a membership program (titled the Senior Advantage Program) would be the most effective way to market the services and make them available. As part of the program's development, professionals from the two facilities created a personal computer-based software package that enabled them to capture and update information about Senior Advantage participants. The software program includes a detailed application form and a section for recording enrollees' service utilization. The program enables care givers to enter data when they interact with clients in any healthcare or community-based setting. To complement the personal computer software, a program to construct a central data base was written for the two hospitals' main computer systems. In 1991 St. Charles and Mercy hospitals joined two other facilities to form First InterHealth Network, a for-profit integrated delivery network. The Senior Advantage Program became the basis for the first package of services offered by First InterHealth. In 1992 the program became the catalyst for yet another collaborative venture, linking two rural Ohio Mercy hospitals to St. Charles and Mercy hospitals. The expanded network encouraged rural patients to remain within the Mercy network, utilizing inner-city and suburban Mercy-sponsored hospitals when appropriate.

Aged↗
PubMed1996

Third generation information systems: integrating costs and outcomes. Tools for professional development and program evaluation.

The authors present specific procedures for obtaining cost per closed case and a case outcome rating for each closed case, computer generated, yielding a cost-outcome report for single cases and aggregated cases. The procedures are illustrated with field data from an alcohol and drug addiction service. Cost per closed case is seen as the new unit cost datum. Combined with case outcome information, the cost-outcome report is seen as a promising new measure of efficiency. The potential of the cost-outcome report as a new basis for professional self-development, increased treatment effectiveness, and program evaluation is discussed.

Budgets↗
PubMed2025

A Graph Contrastive Learning Method for Enhancing Genome Recovery in Complex Microbial Communities.

Accurate genome binning is essential for resolving microbial community structure and functional potential from metagenomic data. However, existing approaches-primarily reliant on tetranucleotide frequency (TNF) and abundance profiles-often perform sub-optimally in the face of complex community compositions, low-abundance taxa, and long-read sequencing datasets. To address these limitations, we present MBGCCA, a novel metagenomic binning framework that synergistically integrates graph neural networks (GNNs), contrastive learning, and information-theoretic regularization to enhance binning accuracy, robustness, and biological coherence. MBGCCA operates in two stages: (1) multimodal information integration, where TNF and abundance profiles are fused via a deep neural network trained using a multi-view contrastive loss, and (2) self-supervised graph representation learning, which leverages assembly graph topology to refine contig embeddings. The contrastive learning objective follows the InfoMax principle by maximizing mutual information across augmented views and modalities, encouraging the model to extract globally consistent and high-information representations. By aligning perturbed graph views while preserving topological structure, MBGCCA effectively captures both global genomic characteristics and local contig relationships. Comprehensive evaluations using both synthetic and real-world datasets-including wastewater and soil microbiomes-demonstrate that MBGCCA consistently outperforms state-of-the-art binning methods, particularly in challenging scenarios marked by sparse data and high community complexity. These results highlight the value of entropy-aware, topology-preserving learning for advancing metagenomic genome reconstruction.

canonical correlation analysis↗
PubMed1998

Informing women about drugs they take during pregnancy: promoting consumers' drug information as integral part of care.

Although it is recommended that drugs be avoided as much as possible during pregnancy, attitudes towards setting, time and method of the performed studies, and characteristics of the investigated population have been shown to vary. A collaborative and permanent network of different observational points is essential in monitoring and assessing the rational use of drugs, especially during pregnancy. In a context where knowledge is often scant and contradictory, the importance and the need for information on drug use during pregnancy remain unquestioned. If health (drug) information is the interface between those who produce and have knowledge and those who are beneficiaries of such knowledge, information for pregnant women (as well as for all lay people) is mandatory. Initiatives, people and instruments whose job it is to produce and diffuse informations have to be assessed and qualitatively harmonized to adequately answer to questions and needs. Women need information (concerning both pregnancy and drugs) on which to base choices on their own health care (and pregnancy). Clearly, this interaction depends on the kind of information and on the spirit with which it is provided. Thus it is essential that information (especially during pregnancy) be based on transparency and accountability, and it be directed by the principles of equity, effectiveness and affordability.

Drug Information Services↗
PubMed1997

Meeting clinician information needs by integrating access to the medical record and knowledge resources via the Web.

MINDscape is a web based integrated interface to diverse sources of clinical information including both patient specific information (electronic medical record) as well as medical knowledge (the "digital library") to provide "just in time" information at the point of care. It was developed at the University of Washington to meet clinical information needs both as identified locally and by a review of the literature. Beta testing by over 600 clinicians is in progress and medical centers wide access scheduled for Fall 1997. We describe the information needs we sought to meet and the ongoing evaluation approach we are taking to ensure the information needs of a diverse group of clinicians are met. The iterative evolution of the interface from prototype, to alpha to large scale beta testing is reported. Integration of information occurs at three levels: integration of information by patient, integration of information by provider, and integration of patient specific information with medical reference material and decision support tools.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical patient management and the integrated health information system.

Emerging progress in clinical applications of patient care computing is identified. The essential clinical skill is understanding what data are appropriate in any given patient care situation and extracting enough information to make the correct management decision. The value of the computer has less to do with the internal intellectual process of diagnosis than its contribution to the more manifest actions in support of clinical patient management. Techniques with which the computer is assisting in improving the clinical decisionmaking process are reviewed, and a mechanism to link them to active patient care settings is described. In addition, a trend toward the integration of various independent subsystems, so that expensive resources can be optimized for patient needs, is noted.

Computers↗
PubMed1988

Somatosensory cortical mechanisms of feature detection in tactile and kinesthetic discrimination.

Neurons in somatosensory cortex of primates process sensory information from the hand by integrating information from large populations of receptors to extract specific features. Tactile neurons in areas 1 and 2 are shown to select features such as contact area, edge orientation, motion across the skin, or direction of movement. Features coded by kinesthetic neurons in areas 3a and 2 relate to joint movement, the joint angle around which the movement occurs, or coordinated postures of the hand and arm. An even higher order cortical cell integrates tactile and kinesthetic information; these "haptic neurons" respond optimally to contact of objects actively grasped in the hand. These global features are coded at the expense of loss of information concerning fine-grained spatial detail.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Spatial models of prebiotic evolution: soup before pizza?

The problem of information integration and resistance to the invasion of parasitic mutants in prebiotic replicator systems is a notorious issue of research on the origin of life. Almost all theoretical studies published so far have demonstrated that some kind of spatial structure is indispensable for the persistence and/or the parasite resistance of any feasible replicator system. Based on a detailed critical survey of spatial models on prebiotic information integration, we suggest a possible scenario for replicator system evolution leading to the emergence of the first protocells capable of independent life. We show that even the spatial versions of the hypercycle model are vulnerable to selfish parasites in heterogeneous habitats. Contrary, the metabolic system remains persistent and coexistent with its parasites both on heterogeneous surfaces and in chaotically mixing flowing media. Persistent metabolic parasites can be converted to metabolic cooperators, or they can gradually obtain replicase activity. Our simulations show that, once replicase activity emerged, a gradual and simultaneous evolutionary improvement of replicase functionality (speed and fidelity) and template efficiency is possible only on a surface that constrains the mobility of macromolecule replicators. Based on the results of the models reviewed, we suggest that open chaotic flows ('soup') and surface dynamics ('pizza') both played key roles in the sequence of evolutionary events ultimately concluding in the appearance of the first living cell on Earth.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Computational framework for the prediction of transcription factor binding sites by multiple data integration.

Control of gene expression is essential to the establishment and maintenance of all cell types, and its dysregulation is involved in pathogenesis of several diseases. Accurate computational predictions of transcription factor regulation may thus help in understanding complex diseases, including mental disorders in which dysregulation of neural gene expression is thought to play a key role. However, biological mechanisms underlying the regulation of gene expression are not completely understood, and predictions via bioinformatics tools are typically poorly specific. We developed a bioinformatics workflow for the prediction of transcription factor binding sites from several independent datasets. We show the advantages of integrating information based on evolutionary conservation and gene expression, when tackling the problem of binding site prediction. Consistent results were obtained on a large simulated dataset consisting of 13050 in silico promoter sequences, on a set of 161 human gene promoters for which binding sites are known, and on a smaller set of promoters of Myc target genes. Our computational framework for binding site prediction can integrate multiple sources of data, and its performance was tested on different datasets. Our results show that integrating information from multiple data sources, such as genomic sequence of genes' promoters, conservation over multiple species, and gene expression data, indeed improves the accuracy of computational predictions.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Proteomic resources: integrating biomedical information in humans.

Recent improvements in high-throughput proteomic technologies have unleashed the potential for generating vast amounts of data. Managing and sharing proteomic data is not an easy task. In this article, we will discuss some of the high-throughput proteomic techniques that are commonly used today. We will also review the major issues in sharing and dissemination of proteomic data and the recent community initiatives to standardize data formats and ontologies. An overview of the web-based resources and databases for analysis of proteomic data is also provided. Integration of disparate proteomic data sources with genomic and transcriptomic data should make systems biology type of approaches feasible in the near future.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2001

Patient monitoring using personal area networks of wireless intelligent sensors.

A wearable device for monitoring multiple physiological signals (polysomnograph) usually includes multiple wires connecting sensors and the monitoring device. In order to integrate information from intelligent sensors, all devices must be connected to a Personal Area Network (PAN). This system organization is unsuitable for longer and continuous monitoring, particularly during the normal activity. For instance, monitoring of athletes and computer assisted rehabilitation commonly involve unwieldy wires to arms and legs that restrain normal activity. We propose a wireless PAN of intelligent sensors as a system architecture of choice, and present a new design of wireless personal area network with physiological sensors for medical applications. Intelligent wireless sensors perform data acquisition and limited processing. Individual sensors monitor specific physiological signals (such as EEG, ECG, GSR, etc.) and communicate with each other and the personal server. Personal server integrates information from different sensors and communicates with the rest of telemedical system as a standard mobile unit. We present our prototype implementation of Wireless Intelligent SEnsor (WISE) based on a very low power consumption microcontroller and a DSP-based personal server. In future we expect all components of WISE integrated in a single chip for use in a variety of new medical applications and sophisticated human computer interfaces. Existing growth of wireless infrastructure will allow a range of new telemedical applications that will significantly improve the quality of health care.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Integrating contextual information to enhance SOM-based text document clustering.

Exploration of text corpora using self-organizing maps has shown promising results in recent years. Topographic map approaches usually use the original vector space model known from Information Retrieval for text document representation. In this paper I present a two stage model using features based on sentence categories as alternative approach which includes contextual information. Algorithmic optimizations required by this computationally expensive model are shown and evaluated. Also a method for model independent comparison of document maps by evaluation of document distribution on maps is introduced and used to compare results obtained with both the new model and the vector space model.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2003

Integrating 'omic' information: a bridge between genomics and systems biology.

The availability of genome sequences for several organisms, including humans, and the resulting first-approximation lists of genes, have allowed a transition from molecular biology to 'modular biology'. In modular biology, biological processes of interest, or modules, are studied as complex systems of functionally interacting macromolecules. Functional genomic and proteomic ('omic') approaches can be helpful to accelerate the identification of the genes and gene products involved in particular modules, and to describe the functional relationships between them. However, the data emerging from individual omic approaches should be viewed with caution because of the occurrence of false-negative and false-positive results and because single annotations are not sufficient for an understanding of gene function. To increase the reliability of gene function annotation, multiple independent datasets need to be integrated. Here, we review the recent development of strategies for such integration and we argue that these will be important for a systems approach to modular biology.

Computational Biology↗
PubMed2005

Morphology, electrophysiology and functional input connectivity of pyramidal neurons characterizes a genuine layer va in the primary somatosensory cortex.

Cortical layer V classically has been subdivided into sublayers Va and Vb on cytoarchitectonic grounds. In the analysis of cortical microcircuits, however, layer Va has largely been ignored. The purpose of this study was to investigate pyramidal neurons of layer Va in view of their potential role in integrating information from lemniscal and paralemniscal sources. For this we combined detailed electrophysiological and morphological characterization with mapping of intracortical functional connectivity by caged glutamate photolysis in layer Va of rat barrel cortex in vitro. Electrophysiological characterization revealed pyramidal cells of the regular spiking as well as the intrinsically burst firing type. However, all layer Va pyramidal neurons displayed uniform morphological properties and comparable functional input connectivity patterns. They received most of their excitatory and inhibitory inputs from intracolumnar sources, especially from layer Va itself, but also from layer IV. Those two layers were also the main origin for transcolumnar excitatory inputs. Layer Va pyramidal neurons thus may predominantly integrate information intralaminarly as well as from layer IV. The functional connectivity maps clearly distinguish layer Va from layer Vb pyramidal cells, and suggest that layer Va plays a unique role in intracortical processing of sensory information.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Comments on "growth of a hypercycle" by King (1981).

The notion of hypercycles has been introduced (Eigen, 1971) in order to characterize a functional entity which integrates information stored in individual self-replicating elements. Commonly, these self-replicating elements compete, like polynucleotides do in test tube experiments (Spiegelman, 1971; Biebricher et al., 1981) or, like species do in nature. A single species is selected eventually together with its most frequent mutants and the less efficient competitors disappear. In order to suppress competition, specific coupling terms of second order - these are coupling terms which are proportional to the product of two population numbers or concentration - have to be introduced into the kinetic equations such a link has to extend to all members, requiring the formation of a closed catalytic cycle (Eigen and Schuster, 1979). The copying of polynucleotide sequences, like every transfer of information, can only occur with finite accuracy (Eigen et al., 1981). This physical restriction imposes a limit upon the content of information that can be transmitted. A higher content of information requires more precise replication. A more involved replication machinery, however, presupposes more information to build it. Thus, a single autocatalyst will not be able to increase its content of information over the given threshold. How does one escape from this vicious circle? Hypercycles present a solution to the problem: many information carriers coexist and may cooperate to build a more sophisticated and more precisely copying replication machinery. Optimization of growth rates has never been the goal for which hypercycles were conceived. Any first order process can proceed at a higher rate than a second order process if low enough concentrations are chosen. On the other hand, any realistic hypercycle involves both first and second order terms. At low concentrations first order terms provide for accumulation of material while at higher concentration second order terms stabilize cooperation. At which concentration level such a prevalence changes is a matter of quantitative values of rate parameters rather than of basic principle. An autocatalyst may outgrow a hypercycle under certain conditions but it can never solve the problem of integrating information.

Models, Chemical↗