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PubMed2005

An unusual case of indolent B-cell lymphoma with distinct chronic lymphocytic leukemia and marginal zone differentiation according to the site of involvement.

The immunological profile of lymphoproliferative disorders is usually conserved whatever the involved site, thus allowing a reliable diagnosis from peripheral blood analysis, especially in small lymphocytic lymphoma/chronic lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL/CLL). Here we present a case wherein the cytology and immunophenotype of blood specimen and bone marrow argue in favor of SLL/CLL with a typical Matutes score (5/5), whereas the cyto-histology and immunophenotype of spleen specimen led to the diagnosis of splenic marginal zone B-cell lymphoma (SMZL). Moreover genomic analysis showed that the splenic cells displayed a SMZL signature. Whereas these data suggested the presence of 2 B-cell clones, the study of the mutational status of IgVH gene in blood and spleen demonstrated the presence of a single clone, which likely developed simultaneously along two distinct ways of differentiation according to the anatomic site suggesting here the predominant role of a micro-environmental factor in cell differentiation. Although rare, this kind of event must be kept in mind as a cause of discrepancies between diagnoses from different sites.

Aged↗
PubMed1991

Restoration of immune functions after chemotherapy.

A paradigmatic case in which anticancer chemotherapy could paradoxically lead to immune restoration is reported. A patient with hairy cell leukemia was unsuccessfully treated with alpha-interferon. Treatment had to be withdrawn because of unusual toxicity and therapy with cytotoxic drugs had to be administered. Not only did the anticancer agents produce a complete remission of the disease, but the immunological profile of the patient improved. This case report raises the problem of the interference of chemotherapy with the immune system in cancer patients.

Antineoplastic Agents↗
PubMed2004

Long-term clinical follow-up, without antiretroviral therapy, of patients with chronic HIV-1 infection with good virological response to structured treatment interruption.

The present study assessed the long-term clinical follow-up of 26 of 60 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients who followed structured treatment interruption (STI) protocols and who, because of good virological response, did not resume receipt of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The plasma viral load (pVL) noted after > or =2 years without antiretroviral therapy remained significantly lower than the pVL noted before initiation of HAART, for 11 of the 26 patients (i.e., for 18% of the 60 patients who had STI performed). The CD4+ T cell count remained stable throughout the study. A low pVL at the end of follow-up was independently associated with a low CD8+CD38+ T lymphocyte count and a high stimulation index to p24 antigen after STI. In conclusion, approximately 2 years after STI, only a low proportion of patients who had a good immunological profile at the end of the STI period still had a good virological response.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Induction of nitric oxide synthase is a key determinant of progression to pulmonary injury in experimental pancreatitis.

BACKGROUND: The immunomodulatory potential of nitric oxide provides prospective strategies to attenuate inappropriate inflammatory reactions. This study tested the hypothesis that inhibition of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) reduces end-organ injury in pancreatitis. METHODS: Pancreatitis was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 20% L-arginine (500 mg/100 g of body weight). Animals were randomized into four groups of 45: Pancreatitis without intervention; pre-treatment with i.p. aminoguanidine (AMG) (50 mg/kg), an isoform-specific inhibitor of inducible NOS; post-treatment with AMG (50 mg/kg); and controls. Pancreatic and pulmonary pathology, neutrophil infiltration (myeloperoxidase activity), endothelial permeability (bronchoalveolar lavage, wet:dry weight ratio), NOS expression, and concentrations of pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha; interleukin-6) were assessed. RESULTS: Inhibition of iNOS significantly reduced end-organ injury. Pancreatic and pulmonary injury scores were markedly attenuated in the AMG treatment groups compared with no intervention (p < 0.05). Increased endothelial permeability (2,411.1 +/- 47.9) and neutrophil sequestration (1.99 +/- 0.01) were manifest in the untreated animals compared with AMG pretreatment (1,286.8 +/- 35.1 and 1,548.0 +/- 0.1; p < 0.05). In addition, a significant reduction in inflammatory cytokine concentrations was observed (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of inducible NOS encourages a more benign immunologic profile, minimizing the deleterious effects of unrestrained neutrophil sequestration subsequent to pancreatitis.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

A comparative marker study of large cell lymphoma, Hodgkin's disease, and true histiocytic lymphoma in paraffin-embedded tissue.

A comparative study of large cell lymphoma (LCL) (ten B and ten T), Hodgkin's disease (15 cases), and true histiocytic lymphoma (two cases) was undertaken, using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue sections, a panel of eight antibodies, and one lectin to determine if any particular antibody or immunologic profile could reliably distinguish between these entities. The antibodies used were against Leu-M1, alpha-1-anti-chymotrypsin (alpha-ACT), alpha-anti-trypsin (alpha-AT), lysozyme, kappa, lambda, leukocyte common antigen (LCA), and S-100 protein. The lectin used was peanut agglutinin (PNA). Although Leu-M1 staining was positive in 11 of 15 cases (73%) of Hodgkin's disease, it was also positive in 4 of 10 cases (40%) of T-cell lymphoma, 2 of 10 cases (20%) of B-cell lymphoma, and 1 of 2 cases (50%) of true histiocytic lymphoma. Peanut-agglutinin staining results were similar to Leu-M1. The only staining profile that emerged was the presence of Leu-M1, PNA-, alpha-ACT, and alpha-AT staining in Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in 11 of 15 cases of Hodgkin's disease. Leu-M1 and its staining pattern is characteristic, but not entirely specific for RS cells, and it was not positive in at least 25% of the cases of Hodgkin's disease in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. The limitations of this antibody and others should be recognized.

Antigens, Neoplasm↗
PubMed1990

Immunoblastic lymphoma of T-cell type in a chronically immunosuppressed renal transplant recipient.

A case of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of T-cell type occurring in a renal transplant recipient is described. This lymphoma was classified as large cell, immunoblastic type and presented as a mediastinal mass, although it was demonstrated to be disseminated at autopsy two weeks later. Lymphoma cells expressed the immunologic profile of a mature, activated cytotoxic/suppressor T-lymphocyte. T-cell receptor gene rearrangement and karyotypic studies confirmed a clonal T-cell genotype. Molecular studies failed to demonstrate any association with Epstein-Barr virus or human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I or type II. Pathogenesis of lymphomas in this clinical setting is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Numbers of CD4+ cells and the levels of core antigens of and antibodies to the human immunodeficiency virus as predictors of AIDS among seropositive homosexual men.

The relation between serological and immunologic profiles and the risk of developing AIDS was assessed in 306 initially asymptomatic, human immunodeficiency virus-infected homosexual men studied for 30 mo. Twenty-nine men developed AIDS (attack rate, 16.8%). The attack rate in core antibody-negative men was 35.7%; this rate was 43.9% in antigen-positive men, 51.9% in men with low (less than 0.5 x 10(9)/L) CD4+ cell counts, 6.8% in core antibody-positive men, 6.9% in antigen-negative men, and 6.1% in men with normal CD4+ cell counts. The disappearance of core antibody, the expression of antigen, and the occurrence of low CD4+ cell counts preceded AIDS by a median of 624, 544, and 466 d, respectively. Seronegativity for core antibody preceded AIDS in 21 of 26 patients, 20 of whom were also antigen positive. Four more cases of AIDS developed among the antigen-negative, core antibody-positive men with low CD4+ cell counts. Only one patient with AIDS escaped detection by using these three markers.

AIDS-Related Complex↗
PubMed2003

Assessment of immune reconstitution to Pneumocystis carinii in HIV-1 patients under different highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens.

The introduction of protease inhibitors (PIs) gave a dramatic drop in AIDS-related opportunistic events, mainly due to induced immune reconstitution. Discontinuation of prophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii is considered safe when CD4 > 200 cells/mm(3). Ideally, we should have specific functional tests for HIV-1-related decisions. We examined viro-immunological profiles, clinical outcome and lymphocyte proliferation (LP) to P. carinii and other antigens in 108 subjects: 28 AIDS presenters with P. carinii pneumonia (PCP) (CD4 < 200 cells/mm(3)), 22 untreated asymptomatic HIV-1-infected patients (CD4 > 200 cells/mm(3)), 44 HIV-1-infected patients immune-reconstituted on antiretroviral regimens and 14 HIV-1-uninfected healthy controls. As regards viral load, there was no significant difference in therapy duration, nadir, or actual CD4, CD8, natural killer or B cell counts in immune-reconstituted patients receiving protease inhibitor (PI)-based versus those receiving PI-sparing antiretroviral regimens. Among subjects showing abnormally low P. carinii-specific LP, three patients receiving a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (nNRTI) developed PCP despite having CD4 > 250 cells/mm(3). P. carinii-specific LP could be considered for doubtful situations, i.e. for a safer clinical decision of discontinuing or restarting prophylaxis in patients with a low CD4 nadir or experiencing a sudden CD4 decrease under highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HIV-1 PIs, having in vitro aspecific effects against Pneumocystis, could play a clinically significant anti-opportunistic role, thus offering a further benefit in heavily immunosuppressed patients during early stages of antiretroviral therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Cytokine production patterns in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: association with human papillomavirus infection.

BACKGROUND: Genital infection with certain strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with a high risk of malignant transformation, and HPV-associated cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) can become invasive cancer. Host factors are critical in regulating tumor growth, and cytokines that modulate immunologic control may be of particular importance. The type 1 cytokines interleukin 2 (IL-2) and interferon gamma (IFN gamma) are immunostimulatory and are thus capable of limiting tumor growth. The type 2 cytokines interleukin 4 (IL-4) and interleukin 10 (IL-10) are immunoinhibitory and are thus capable of stimulating tumor growth. PURPOSE: We analyzed the production of cytokines by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in women with CIN associated with localized or extensively spread HPV infection. METHODS: Thirty women diagnosed with CIN and 10 age- and sex-matched healthy control subjects were enrolled in the study conducted at Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy. The following parameters were analyzed: 1) HPV infection of the cervix and other sites of the lower genital tract by colposcopic, cytologic, and histologic examinations; 2) HPV typing; 3) in vitro production of IL-2 by PBMCs in response to stimulation with soluble antigen (influenza [FLU] antigen) or to cell-associated human leukocyte antigen (HLA) alloantigen; and 4) in vitro production of the type 1 cytokines IL-2 and IFN gamma and of the type 2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-10 by PBMCs in response to mitogen stimulation. Statistical significance was determined by nonparametric tests (two-sided). RESULTS: High-grade CIN associated with HPV infection was detected in all case patients, and HPV type 16 or 18 infection was detected in cervical tissue of 21 (70%) of 30 case patients. HPV infection that had spread to other sites of the lower genital tract, thus resulting in more extensive disease, was detected in 16 (53%) of the 30 individuals with CIN, whereas HPV infection was limited to the portio in 14 (47%). IL-2 production by PBMCs in response to stimulation with soluble antigen or HLA alloantigen was reduced in the group with extensive disease compared with that in the group with localized disease or with that in healthy control subjects. In contrast, IL-4 and IL-10 production in response to mitogen stimulation was elevated in the group with extensive disease compared with that in the group with localized disease or with that in healthy control subjects. The highest production of IL-4 and IL-10 was detected in patients with HPV infection that had extended beyond the genital tract. CONCLUSIONS: CIN is characterized by different immunologic profiles, in which HPV infection is or is not confined to the portio. Production of cytokines that mainly enhance potentially protective cell-mediated immunity is defective in the women in whom extended HPV infection was observed. A pronounced shift from type 1 to type 2 cytokine production is associated with more extensive HPV infection. IMPLICATIONS: These data reinforce the need for detailed analyses of immune dysregulation in CIN patients. They also suggest the potential usefulness of the cytokine assays for determining prognosis or deciding whether cytokine-based therapy is indicated.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Molecular identification of AMY, an Alzheimer disease amyloid-associated protein.

One of the neuropathological lesions characteristic of Alzheimer disease (AD) is the cerebral accumulation of the amyloid beta-peptide (A beta). Although numerous studies have demonstrated that A beta spontaneously forms amyloid in vitro, the molecular events underlying A beta amyloid formation in vivo are less well understood. Immunohistochemical studies have shown that other proteins colocalize with A beta in amyloid deposits in brain. The identity of one of these proteins, AMY, has so far remained elusive; therefore we attempted to purify AMY. The AMY protein was found to co-purify with A beta in insoluble fractions from human AD brain, and was absent in brains from control subjects. AMY immunoreactivity was primarily restricted to a 50-kDa and 100-kDa protein species. Interestingly, the chromatographic and immunological profile of AMY resembled the recently identified amyloid-associated protein CLAC, derived from a transmembrane collagen-like precursor, CLAC-P. Antibodies against AMY recognized CLAC-P expressed in mammalian cells. In addition, side-by-side comparisons of AD brain sections and extracts, using antibodies against both AMY and CLAC, respectively, resulted in almost identical staining patterns. Therefore, we conclude that the AMY immunoreactivity seen in association with amyloid in AD brain is due to the presence of the CLAC protein.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Immune status of full-term small-for-gestational age neonates in India.

The immune status of 25 full-term small-for-gestational age neonates was studied and compared with another 25 term appropriate-for-gestational age neonates, who served as controls. It was observed that the term SGA's had an altered immunological profile. The lymphocyte percentage was low. Cellular immunity as assessed by CD4 and CD8 subset of T-cells, and their ratio was deranged. IgG levels were lower in SGA neonates and showed a linear relation with birth weight. IgM and IgA levels were not affected in SGAs. Complement C3 levels were significantly lower in the SGA neonates. The SGAs are allegedly more prone to infections and this deranged immune status could be the underlying explanation for the predisposition.

CD4-CD8 Ratio↗
PubMed1978

A sequential, prospective analysis of immunologic abnormalities and infection following severe thermal injury.

A sequential, prospective analysis of humoral and cellular immune function was performed on 20 burn patients with injuries involving >/=45% total body surface area. Infected patients had significantly worse neutrophil bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus 502A than did noninfected patients. Chemotaxis of neutrophils correlated poorly with infection although chemotaxis was frequently abnormal. The opsonic index of serum was depressed early after the burn but returned to nearly normal values by the fourth to the fourteenth postburn day. There was no difference between infected and noninfected patients. Serum levels of IgG, properdin and C3, while initially low, remained within the normal range after the ninth postburn day in both groups. Factor B levels rose rapidly during the first three weeks after injury to more than double normal levels in many patients. Suggestive evidence for consumption of opsonic protein occurred with five of 19 episodes of bacteremia. The responsiveness of isolated lymphocytes to PHA was normal. However, patients' sera were shown to significantly inhibit the responsiveness of normal lymphocytes to PHA. Analysis of immunologic profiles for individual patients indicates that abnormalities of neutrophil function are the most important acquired defect predisposing patients to the development of bacteremia following major thermal injury; abnormalities of opsonic action play a secondary but important role.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMed1989

Appearance of predictors of disease progression in relation to the development of AIDS.

To study the natural history of HIV-1 infection in relation to serological and immunological profiles, 199 asymptomatic HIV-1-antibody (HIV-1-core-antibody)-seropositive and 76 seroconverted homosexual men were followed prospectively for 39 months. AIDS was diagnosed in 38 men. The AIDS attack rate was 20.8% after 39 months. The AIDS attack rate in the HIV-I-core-antibody positives was 12.1, versus 30.1% in the HIV-1-core-antibody negatives (P less than 0.001), and it was 13.3% in the HIV-1-antigen (HIV-1-Ag) negatives versus 53.9% in the HIV-1-Ag positives (P less than 0.001). The AIDS attack rate after 39 months was 10.9% in men with counts greater than or equal to 0.5 x 10(9)/l and 49.9% in those with CD4+ lymphocyte counts less than 0.5 x 10(9)/l. AIDS attack rates after 30 months in the same cohort have been previously reported [1], and were as follows: 6.8% in the core-antibody positives versus 35.7% in the core-antibody negatives. 6.9% in the HIV-1-Ag negatives versus 43.9% in the HIV-1-Ag positives, and 6.1% in those with CD4+ lymphocyte counts greater than or equal to 0.5 versus 51.9% in those with CD4+ lymphocyte counts less than 0.5 x 10(9)/l. The disappearance of core antibody, the appearance of antigen and the occurrence of low CD4+ lymphocyte counts preceded AIDS by a mean (s.d.) of 21.3 (8.9), 17.7 (8.8) and 15.7 (8.9) months, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed2003

Cytokine production in women with antiretroviral treatment-associated breast fat accumulation and limb wasting.

OBJECTIVE: To test the cytokine production of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a group of HIV-infected women with breast enlargement and lower limb wasting while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) including a protease inhibitor. DESIGN: Case-control study including 20 women with fat tissue alterations and 20 matched controls treated with comparable ART. METHODS: Adipose tissue alterations (ATA) were defined by increased breast size (> or = 2 bra sizes) accompanied by lower limb fat wasting. A randomly selected subset of patients underwent analyses including: dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, metabolic and endocrine assays, in vitro cytokine production testing [interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha)] after appropriate stimulation; T-cell phenotyping, T-helper function after stimulation with either tetanus toxoid, influenza antigen, allogeneic peripheral blood lymphocytes, and phytohemagglutinin. Endocrinological study included the determination of plasma concentrations of prolactin, growth hormone, testosterone, adrenocorticotropic hormone, cortisol and C-peptide. RESULTS: In vitro production of IL-12 was higher (P = 0.0001), and TNF-alpha (P = 0.0093) and IL-10 (P < 0.0001) production were lower in stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells of ATA-positive women compared with ATA-negative women. ATA-positive women also showed a better response to tetanus toxoid (P = 0.021) and a lower median fluorescence intensity of CD14/DR (P=0.033). Plasma C-peptide values were higher in ATA-positive women compared with ATA-negative women (P = 0.033), even if in the normal range (< 4 ng/ml) in all but one of the ATA-positive patients. CONCLUSION: HIV-1-infected women who developed breast enlargement and lower limb fat wasting while receiving ART had a favorable immunological profile with efficient IL-12 production and T-helper function, and with TNF-a production in the range of a HIV-negative reference population. These findings suggest that the rescue of some immune functions under ART may be involved in the pathogenesis of this particular adipose tissue disorder.

Absorptiometry, Photon↗
PubMed2003

Covalent linking of proteins and cytokines to suture: enhancing the immune response of head and neck cancer patients.

BACKGROUND: The immune system of advanced stage head and neck cancer patients is frequently suppressed. Poor immune function has been correlated with poor clinical outcome. Immunotherapeutic strategies have been previously attempted in an effort to enhance immune function and improve survival. Previous studies have shown surgical suture can be transformed into an immune stimulant capable of activating the T lymphocytes of cancer patients. The development of a process for covalently linking proteins and cytokines to suture could have enormous potential for the in vivo manipulation of the immune system. HYPOTHESIS: We hypothesize proteins and cytokines can be covalently linked to surgical suture while preserving their functional properties. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective study testing normal donor and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patient lymphocytes. METHOD: Polyester suture was acid hydrolyzed followed by reacting with 1-ethyl-3(-3-dimethylamino propyl carbodiimide) (EDAC) to create a suture-EDAC intermediate. Next, selected proteins (horseradish peroxidase [HRP] or bovine serum albumin [BSA]) or cytokines (interleukin [IL]-2 or interferon [IFN]-gamma) were reacted with the suture-EDAC intermediate to test the covalent linkage of the selected protein or cytokine to suture. Functional activity of the linked proteins was measured spectrophotometrically. The linking of cytokines to suture was tested by stimulating normal donor peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) or HNSCC patients' lymphocytes. The functional activity was confirmed by proliferation, enzyme linked immunoadsorbent assay (ELISA), and phenotype expression of T cells. RESULTS The conditions for optimally linking a protein to polyester suture were defined using HRP as a model protein. HRP retained its enzymatic activity. The optimal conditions for linking IL-2 or IFN-gamma were defined. The covalently linked cytokines retained their immune enhancing properties for stimulating PBL and lymph node lymphocytes (LNL) from HNSCC patients to proliferate, generate a TH1 immunologic profile of cytokines (IL-2, IL-12, IFN-gamma), and stimulate T lymphocytes. CONCLUSION: This is the first report to demonstrate that cytokines can be covalently linked to surgical sutures and retain their immune-stimulating properties. Proteins linked to suture also retained their enzymatic activity. The clinical implications of functionally active cytokines or proteins linked to surgical suture may be very significant in the future for manipulating the immune system in vivo or enhancing wound healing.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Value of the comparative enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay for early neonatal diagnosis of congenital Toxoplasma infection.

BACKGROUND: The transplacental transfer of specific maternal IgG antibodies makes the diagnosis of congenital Toxoplasma infection quite difficult in the neonate. The enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay (ELIFA), comparing at delivery the immunologic profile of the mother's antibody response and that of her child, allows discrimination between IgG antibodies of maternal origin and IgGs synthesized by the fetus. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of the comparative ELIFA for diagnosing congenital Toxoplasma infection as well as the reliability of testing for IgM- and IgA-specific antibodies in cord blood. METHODS: From November, 1991, to December, 1995, an ELIFA was prospectively performed at delivery on blood samples obtained from 227 women with primary Toxoplasma infection during pregnancy and from their infants. For each child the ELIFA result was evaluated in relation to the serologic follow-up: disappearance of specific anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in the absence of treatment before 12 months of age indicating an uninfected child, as opposed to persistence beyond 12 months of age indicative of a congenital infection. RESULTS: Of 227 children 139 were lost to follow-up. Among the 88 children available for follow up, the ELIFA was negative in 70 infants, 69 of whom were confirmed to be uninfected. Thirteen of these 69 cord blood ELIFA-negative samples were positive for anti-T. gondii IgM and/or IgA detected by means of a conventional immunosorbent agglutination assay. Of the remaining 18 children (representing 75% of all new cases of congenital toxoplasmosis diagnosed during the study period at our institution), the ELIFA was positive in 16, negative in 1 and inconclusive in 1. CONCLUSIONS: The ELIFA test is a valuable tool for diagnosing congenital T. gondii infection and in differentiating between true neonatal infection and cord blood contamination. In our experience the diagnostic sensitivity of the ELIFA test was 94.1% and the specificity was 98.6%. The cord blood was contaminated by specific maternal anti-T. gondii IgA and/or IgM in as many as 20% of the cases.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Immunologic recovery in thalassemic marrow graft recipients following high-dose busulfan and cyclophosphamide.

T lymphocyte subsets, mitogenic response, and immunoglobulin levels were studied in peripheral blood from 95 thalassemic patients before and at different times after bone marrow transplantation. With the exception of patients receiving more than 100 transfusion units before transplant, who showed an increased percentage of CD8-positive cells, thalassemic patients were essentially immunologically normal. Depressed lymphocyte proliferative response to phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin-A, and pokeweed mitogen; decreased IgG, IgM and IgA levels; and abnormal T subpopulation distribution were observed early after transplant. Long-term transplanted patients showed complete recovery of the immunological profile with the exception of the IgA levels, which were significantly decreased up to 2 years after transplant.

Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte↗
PubMed1999

Effective inhibition of Candida albicans growth by the combination of murine peritoneal neutrophils and activated macrophages.

The effect of leukocytes on the anti-Candida activity of neutrophils was examined. Murine neutrophils which were purified from casein-induced peritoneal cells inhibited the mycelial growth of Candida albicans. This anti-Candida activity of neutrophils was augmented by the addition of spleen cells prepared from mice pretreated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide 3 hr before, but not from non-treated mice. The population in the spleen cells, which enhanced the anti-Candida activity of neutrophils, was plastic-plate adherent, nylon-fiber columns adherent and anti-Mac-1 antigen-positive. These immunological profiles suggested that the enhancing cells are classified to splenic macrophages. Peritoneal-exudated macrophages from mice treated with lipopolysaccharide also augmented the anti-Candida activity of neutrophils. These results suggest that the anti-Candida activity of neutrophils may be upregulated by activated macrophages.

Animals↗