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PubMed1987

The effect of marital status on stage, treatment, and survival of cancer patients.

The effects of marital status on the diagnosis, treatment, and survival of patients with cancer were examined in population-based data on 27,779 cancer cases. Unmarried persons with cancer had decreased overall survival (relative hazard, 1.23; 95% confidence limits, 1.19 to 1.28). We identified three complementary explanations for the poorer survival of the unmarried persons. First, unmarried persons were more likely to be diagnosed at a regional or distant stage (odds ratio, 1.19; 95% confidence limits, 1.12 to 1.25). After adjustment for stage, unmarried persons were more likely to be untreated for cancer (odds ratio, 1.43; 95% confidence limits, 1.31 to 1.55). Finally, after adjustment for stage and treatment, unmarried persons still had poorer survival. Previous studies have demonstrated that unmarried persons have decreased overall mortality. For cancer, our results suggest that the favorable consequence of being married on overall survival is secondary to the beneficial effects at several steps in the diagnosis, choice of treatment, and response to treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Improving results with first-stage palliation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome.

Between January 1990 and February 1993, 73 patients underwent first-stage reconstruction for hypoplastic left heart syndrome at the University of Michigan Medical Center. During this period, surgical reconstruction remained essentially constant and consisted of a pulmonary artery-to-aorta anastomosis with allograft augmentation of the ascending, transverse, and proximal descending aorta, restriction of pulmonary blood flow with a polytetrafluoroethylene shunt from the innominate artery to the central pulmonary artery confluence, and atrial septectomy. Hospital survival was 62 of 73 patients, 85% (70% confidence limits: 80% to 89%). These results stand in marked contrast to those obtained during the earlier years of our experience from 1986 to 1989 when only 21 of 50 patients (42%, 70% confidence limits: 35% to 49%) survived (p = 0.001). Among the most recent group of patients, only 2 of 7 patients older than 1 month of age at operation survived, whereas 60 of 66 (91%, 70% confidence limits: 87% to 94%) patients younger than 1 month of age survived (p = 0.0001). Anatomic subtype and ascending aortic diameter were not predictive of survival. Actuarial survivals for those patients younger than 1 month of age at the first-stage operation, including hospital deaths and subsequent operative procedures, were 81%, 74%, and 74% at 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years, respectively. These results indicate that survival for patients after first-stage reconstruction for hypoplastic left heart syndrome has significantly improved in recent years. Older age was a strong risk factor, with a hospital survival of 91% for those patients undergoing first-stage palliation within the first month of life. These data have important implications for the type of operative intervention and its timing.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[A methodological approach for measuring personal exposure to noise].

A criterion is proposed for planning personal noise exposure surveys. For measurements taken at random over entire work shifts, the aim is to achieve preset confidence limits of the arithmetic mean of daily personal exposure (i.e., +/- 2 dBA or +/- 1 dBA). Five or six measurements are sufficient to estimate the standard deviation. By following simple rules to calculate the confidence limits for a population with unknown variance, it is possible to fix the number of measurements N with sufficient accuracy to achieve this goal. This number is a function of daily personal exposure variability. The choice of the confidence limits determines the accuracy of the personal noise exposure assessment, provided that it is the exponential mean of N measurements. This method allows the survey to be planned according to the desired accuracy of the final result. An example is provided of a survey carried out in a refractory brick factory, which shows that if the daily personal exposure range is 4-6 dBA, a 5-measurement survey is sufficient to achieve a +/- 2 dBA confidence interval, while 10-12 measurements are necessary to achieve a +/- 1 dBA confidence interval. If the range is 14-15 dBA the same results are achieved with 12-14 measurement in the first case and with about 50 in the second. The latter results shows that if the survey is stopped after 5 measurements, the probability of accepting a value of integrated personal noise exposure outside the N-integrated +/- 1 dBA range may reach 50%, mainly among groups of workers with greater variability in daily exposure.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2006

Aerobic and anaerobic correlates of multiple sprint cycling performance.

The aims of this study were to examine (a) the relationship between maximal oxygen uptake (VO(2)max) and several performance indices of multiple sprint cycling; (b) the relationship between maximal accumulated oxygen deficit (MAOD) and those same performance indices; and (c) the influence of recovery duration on the magnitude of those relationships. Twenty-five physically active men completed a VO(2)max test, a MAOD test, and 2 maximal intermittent (20 x 5 seconds) sprint cycling tests with contrasting recovery periods (10 seconds or 30 seconds). Mean +/- SD for age, height, and body mass were 20.6 +/- 1.5 years, 177.2 +/- 5.4 cm, and 78.2 +/- 8.2 kg, respectively. All tests were conducted on a friction-braked cycle ergometer with subsequent data normalized for body mass. Moderate (0.3 < or = r < 0.5) positive correlations were observed between power output data and MAOD (range, 0.31-0.46; 95% confidence limits, -0.10 to 0.72). Moderate to large positive correlations also were observed between power output data and VO(2)max, the magnitude of which increased as values were averaged across all sprints (range, 0.45-0.67; 95% confidence limits 0.07-0.84). Correlations between fatigue and VO(2)max were greater in the intermittent protocol with 30-second recovery periods (r = -0.34; 95% confidence limits, 0.06 to -0.65). The results of this study reflect the complex energetics associated with multiple sprint work. Though the findings add support to the idea that multiple sprint sports demand a combination of speed and endurance, further longitudinal research is required to confirm the relative importance of these parameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Spontaneous variability in the frequency of ventricular premature complexes over prolonged intervals and implications for antiarrhythmic treatment.

Spontaneous variability in the frequency of premature ventricular complexes (VPCs) during ambulatory electrocardiography was examined over short (2- to 14-day) and long (6- to 12-month) periods in 20 patients. The coefficient of variation of the mean daily VPC frequency was significantly lower in the short-term periods than the long-term periods. The 95% confidence limit for spontaneous variation in mean daily arrhythmia frequencies was estimated with a linear regression method comparing two 1-day electrocardiographic recordings. The relative reduction in VPCs reaching the confidence limit calculated from the short-term periods was 69% at the beginning and 73% at the end of the 6- to 12-month follow-up. Corresponding values for repetitive VPCs were 78% and 77%. In comparing 2 recordings separated by the long interval, the reductions required were 98 to 100% for all VPCs, and even a 100% reduction was not significant for repetitive VPCs. The number of VPCs fell spontaneously below the initial confidence limit in 8 of 20 patients in later assessments. Thus, apparently positive individual responses are achieved in long-term treatment studies if stringent efficacy criteria are not followed. The variability between recordings over short periods remains fairly constant when reassessed after a long interval, even if the frequency of arrhythmias changes over the long interval. This permits application of conventional percentage limits in evaluation of therapeutic effects if the natural extent of the arrhythmias is periodically reassessed.

Anti-Arrhythmia Agents↗
PubMed1984

Ectopic pregnancies following female sterilization. A matched case-control analysis.

The present study compared 15 ectopic pregnancies occurring after female sterilization (EPs) with 30 non-pregnant control patients who had also undergone female sterilization (NPCs) for a history of induced abortion, any pelvic surgery, abdominal surgery, or pelvic infection. EP cases and controls were individually matched for clinic, surgeon, surgical approach, tubal occlusion technique, and date of operation, as well as patients age and parity. The only significant difference was the greater proportion of EP patients, reporting a history of induced abortion (matched triplet odds ratio = 9.0, 95% confidence limits = 1.39, 58.26). Women with EPs were further compared with 78 women with post-sterilization intra-uterine pregnancies (unmatched). Results again show a significantly greater risk of conceiving an EP following previous induced abortion (odds ratio 5.8, 95% confidence limits = 1.78, 18.60). Women with previous abdominal surgery also ran a significantly higher risk of post-sterilization EP (odds ratio 10.0 95% confidence limits = 2.45, 40.83). Limitations of the data and clinical implications of the results are discussed.

Abdomen↗
PubMed2006

Status of worker exposure to asphalt paving fumes with the use of engineering controls.

Since 1996, industry, labor, and government have partnered to minimize workers' exposure to asphalt fumes using engineering controls. The objective of this study was to determine the use after some years of experience and to benchmark the effectiveness of the engineering controls as compared to the current exposure limits. To accomplish this objective, the current highway class pavers equipped with controls to reduce asphalt fumes, occupational exposure levels, and ventilation flow rates were monitored, and a user acceptance survey was conducted. Personal breathing-zone sampling was administered to determine concentrations of total particulate matter (TPM) and benzene soluble matter (BSM). Personal monitoring of workers yielded a BSM arithmetic mean of 0.13 mg/m3 (95% confidence limits (0.07, 0.43) mg/m3). All site average worker BSM values are below the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) adopted threshold limit value (TLV) time weighted average (TWA) of 0.5 mg/m3 as benzene soluble inhalable particulate, although five sites contained 95% confidence limits slightly above the ACGIH TLV. The TPM arithmetic mean was 0.35 mg/m3 (95% confidence limits (0.27, 0.69) mg/m3). All sites showed average worker and area TPM values below NIOSH's recommended exposure limit for asphalt fumes (5 mg/m3, 15 min). One screed area sample and one operator area sample were also taken each day. Area samples followed a similar pattern to the worker breathing zone samples, but were generally slightly higher in TPM and BSM concentration. The effect of work practices and application temperatures appears to have an impact on the ability of the engineering controls to keep exposure below the TLV for BSM. To gain a better understanding of the aerodynamic properties of asphalt fumes, particle size and airborne concentrations were also monitored using a TSI model 3320 aerodynamic particle sizer spectrometer. The geometric mean particle size was between 0.64 and 0.98 micrometers for the worker breathing zone samples, with a geometric mean of 0.73 micrometers for all sites. Total airborne concentrations were typically higher for the asphalt fume exposed groups than for the background samples. During high fume events, four 15-minute samples were taken each day. Only one 15-minute sample was above the limit of quantification. Stack flow rates were measured, and results are discussed and compared to the manufacturers' nominal values. Survey results were generally positive, with recommendations discussed for continuous improvement.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed2000

Effects of ropinirole on various parkinsonian models in mice, rats, and cynomolgus monkeys.

Ropinirole (4-[2-(dipropylamino)ethyl]-2-indolinone monohydrochloride) a nonergoline dopamine receptor agonist with high affinity for native dopamine D(2)-like receptors in human caudate tissue, was tested with respect to the stimulation of postsynaptic brain dopamine receptors in standard preclinical models of Parkinson's disease. Additionally, in these animal models the antiparkinsonian activity of ropinirole was compared to that of bromocriptine. The ED(50)s (95% confidence limits) of ropinirole and bromocriptine on the turning behavior in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats were 20.17 mg/kg (14.27-26.88 mg/kg) and 11.99 mg/kg (9.37-14.17 mg/kg), respectively. The ED(50)s (95% confidence limits) of ropinirole and bromocriptine on the catalepsy induced by reserpine were 18.55 mg/kg (15.29-22.99 mg/kg) and 12.56 mg/kg (10.25-14.64 mg/kg), respectively. Ropinirole and bromocriptine had no effect on the tremors induced by oxotremorine in mice, whereas atropine markedly suppressed the tremors. The ED(50)s (95% confidence limits) of ropinirole and bromocriptine on the tremors in VMT-lesioned monkeys were 0.18 mg/kg (0.12-0.29 mg/kg) and 2.63 mg/kg (1.06-6.45 mg/kg), respectively. In rodent parkinsonian models, bromocriptine was more potent than ropinirole; however, in the nonhuman primate parkinsonian model, ropinirole was a more potent inhibitor of parkinsonian activity than bromocriptine. This study suggests that ropinirole is a dopamine D(2)-like receptor agonistic drug of potential use in the treatment of Parkinson's disease.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Some methodological problems in estimating radiobiological parameters from clinical data. Alpha/beta ratios and electron RBE for cutaneous reactions in patients treated with postmastectomy radiotherapy.

A number of biological, dosimetric, and statistical problems encountered in the determination of alpha/beta ratios and the relative biological efficiency (RBE) of high energy electrons are discussed. The analysis is based on isoeffect dose determination from logit analysis of dose-response data. Monte Carlo simulations of the logit analysis show that the estimated isoeffect dose may be treated as a normally distributed random variable. Under this assumption, formulae for the standard error of the derived radiobiological parameters are presented. The importance of specifying not only parameter estimates but also their confidence limits is emphasized. As a practical example, the dose-response relationships for severe erythema and subcutaneous fibrosis are discussed in two series of patients treated with postmastectomy irradiation with electrons and photons in two fractionation schedules. Because of a different dose per fraction in the electron and photon fields, a determination of RBE requires a fraction size correction. This is performed using the alpha/beta formalism. The present analysis suggests a high energy electron RBE for severe erythema of 0.93 (95% confidence limits 0.89 and 0.96) and for subcutaneous fibrosis of 0.84 (95% confidence limits 0.77 and 0.92).

Breast Neoplasms↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cisplatin plus vinorelbine as induction chemotherapy followed by surgery in the treatment of stage IIIB non-small cell lung cancer. Final results of a multicenter phase II study.

BACKGROUND: The combination of cisplatin and vinorelbine has been shown to be effective in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Based on these data, we planned to treat patients with stage IIIB NSCLC without malignant pleural effusion and/or metastatic supraclavicular lymph nodes, in order to study the potential effectiveness of this association as neoadjuvant treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty patients entered into the study and were treated preoperatively with cisplatin 120 mg/m2 given on day 1 and vinorelbine 30 mg/m2 given on days 1 and 8, recycled every 3 weeks for a maximum of 3 cycles. The main characteristics of patients were: male/female 23/7, median age 61 years, performance status 0/1/2, 8/17/5. Only patients who achieved an objective response underwent surgery. RESULTS: A total of 82 (91.1%) cycles were administered with moderate toxicity: WHO grade (G) 2 and 3 neutropenia occurred in 20 (66.6%) patients, G 3 anaemia occurred in 4 (13.3%), G 3 nausea/vomiting in 20 (66.6%) and G 1-2 renal toxicity in 2 (6.6%). Eighteen (60%; exact 95% confidence limits, 40.6% to 77.3%) patients achieved a partial response and 14 (46.6%) underwent surgery. Complete resection (R0) was achieved in 11 (36.6% of all patients) and pathological complete resection in 5 (16.6%). No postoperative pulmonary complications were reported. The median survival for all patients was 25.5 (exact 95% confidence limits, 13 to 39) months. The median progression-free survival in responsive patients was 27 (exact 95% confidence limits, 13 to 33) months. CONCLUSION: The combination of cisplatin and vinorelbine is effective and safe as a neoadjuvant therapy in stage IIIB NSCLC, showing a high response rate (60%) and amenability to surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

An analysis of risk factors for death and mode-specific death after aortic valve replacement with allograft, xenograft, and mechanical valves.

From September 1967 to January 1990, a total of 2100 patients underwent 2366 aortic valve replacements with a variety of allograft, xenograft, and mechanical valves. Concomitant procedures were performed in 764 patients. Actuarial survival at 12 years was 59.6% (70% confidence limits 57.8% to 61.4%). Hazard function for death was highest immediately after operation, falling to merge with a slowly rising phase of risk at approximately 3 months. Actuarial freedom from sudden death at 12 years was 88.0% (70% confidence limits 86.7% to 89.3%). The shape of the hazard function for sudden death was similar to that for death. Actuarial freedom from death with cardiac failure at 12 years was 87.9% (70% confidence limits 86.5% to 89.2%). The shape of the hazard function for death with cardiac failure was also similar to that for death. Risk factor analysis revealed the important deleterious impact on long-term survival resulting from impaired left ventricular structure and function because of aortic valve disease. No current-era valve used in this study (allograft, xenograft, or mechanical) was a risk factor for death. Both aortic wall disease and endocarditis necessitating aortic valve replacement substantially decreased long-term patient survival. Aortic valve replacement is advisable much earlier in the natural history of aortic valve disease before secondary left ventricular damage occurs.

Actuarial Analysis↗
PubMed1977

High school contact among persons with leukemia and lymphoma.

We studied frequency of contact among Connecticut high school students and teachers with leukemia and lymphoma diagnosed during or after high school from 1960 through 1971. Risk of having attended the same grade at the same school during the same year was greater among students with Hodgkin's disease (HD) than among simulated controls drawn in proportion to school enrollment (relative risk = 1.44; approximate 95% lower confidence limit = 1.05). Risk of developing HD was also greater among students enrolled simultaneously at the same school as students already diagnosed with HD than among students not so enrolled (relative risk = 2.05; 95% lower confidence limit = 1.39). However, fewer HD cases (16) were diagnosed from 1965 through 1970 at schools that formerly had patients enrolled (1959-64) than at matched schools without such patients (24). We found no evidence of increased contact among persons with non-HD lymphomas or leukemias, except between HD and non-HD lymphomas (relative risk = 1.41; approximate 95% lower confidence limit = 1.11).

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Acute coronary thrombolysis with recombinant human tissue-type plasminogen activator: initial patency and influence of maintained infusion on reocclusion rate.

An intravenous infusion of 40 mg of recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was given intravenously over 90 minutes to 123 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) of less than 4 hours' duration. A coronary angiogram was recorded at the end of the infusion in 119 patients. Central assessment of the angiograms revealed a patent infarct-related artery in 78 patients (patency rate 66%, 95% confidence limits 57 to 74%). Patients with a patent infarct-related artery at the first angiogram were randomized in a double-blind manner to receive a subsequent 6-hour infusion of either 30 mg of rt-PA or placebo. All patients had received an initial bolus of 5,000 IU of heparin and then 1,000 IU/hour until a second angiogram was recorded 6 to 24 hours after the start of the second perfusion. At central assessment of the second coronary angiogram the reocclusion rate was 2 of 36 patients who received rt-PA at the second infusion and 3 of 37 patients not receiving this drug (or the 2 groups combined 7%, 95% confidence limits 2 to 15%). Three of 60 patients (5%, 95% confidence limits 1 to 14%) with patent arteries on both previous angiograms had a later occlusion as judged on the angiogram recorded at hospital discharge. No difference in late reocclusion rates between the 2 treatment groups was observed.

Clinical Trials as Topic↗
PubMed1988

The effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction after myocardial infarction.

We studied the effect of diltiazem on mortality and reinfarction in 2466 patients with previous infarction from 38 hospitals in the United States and Canada. The patients were randomly assigned to receive diltiazem (240 mg per day, n = 1234) or placebo (n = 1232) and followed for 12 to 52 months (mean, 25). Total mortality rates were nearly identical among the two treatment groups (167 and 166, respectively), as were cumulative mortality rates. There were 11 percent fewer first recurrent cardiac events (death from cardiac causes or nonfatal reinfarction) in the diltiazem group than in the placebo group (202 vs. 226; Cox hazard ratio, 0.90; 95 percent confidence limits, 0.74 and 1.08). A significant (P = 0.0042) bidirectional interaction between diltiazem and pulmonary congestion was observed on x-ray examination. In 1909 patients without pulmonary congestion, diltiazem was associated with a reduced number of cardiac events (hazard ratio, 0.77; 95 percent confidence limits, 0.61 and 0.98); in 490 patients with pulmonary congestion, diltiazem was associated with an increased number of cardiac events (hazard ratio, 1.41; 95 percent confidence limits, 1.01 and 1.96). A similar pattern was observed with respect to the ejection fraction, which was dichotomized at 0.40. Thus, diltiazem exerted no overall effect on mortality or cardiac events in this population of patients with previous infarction. This neutral effect reflected a diltiazem-related reduction in cardiac events in the majority of patients without left ventricular dysfunction and an increase in such events in the minority of patients with left ventricular dysfunction.

Aged↗
PubMed1998

Unreliability of the Chou-Fasman parameters in predicting protein secondary structure.

The Chou-Fasman method has been widely used for predicting protein secondary structure. It is based on knowledge of the potential of amino acid residues to form alpha-helical or beta-sheet regions in proteins. Our main interest in this study was to examine the reliability of these Chou-Fasman parameters. We calculated the Chou-Fasman parameters, with 95% confidence limits, of 144 non-homologous proteins consisting of 155 chains, and a total of 33 118 amino acid residues. All of the protein chains used were X-ray structures known at a resolution of at least 2.5 A. We compared the results of our calculations with those previously done by Chou and Fasman. Our results show that Chou and Fasman classified four amino acid residues wrongly in alpha-helical regions and one in a beta-sheet region. This is so, because the confidence limits we calculated did not include the values determined by Chou and Fasman. Moreover, the confidence limit calculations contradict most of the Chou-Fasman classification of amino acid residues.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2002

Prognosis after acute myocardial infarction continues to improve in the reperfusion era in the community of Göteborg.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to compare the prognosis of nonselected patients who had an acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during 2 time periods in the thrombolytic era and to describe coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality rates in the community of Göteborg during 1990 to 1995. METHODS: Patients aged <75 years who were hospitalized in the community of Göteborg for AMI during 1990 to 1991 (period 1) and 1995 to 1996 (period 2) were compared in terms of history, treatment for AMI, and outcome. Information on CHD mortality rates in the community of Göteborg was gathered from the National Registry of Deaths. RESULTS: The numbers of patients in the 2 cohorts were 926 and 861, respectively. The incidence rate for AMI per 100,000 inhabitants and year was 200 for period 1 and 183 during period 2. During period 2, there was an increased use of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, heparin, and intravenous nitroglycerin. On the other hand, there was a decreased use of thrombolytic agents, diuretic agents, digitalis, long-acting nitrates, calcium-channel blockers, and lidocaine. The hospital case-fatality rates were 9.4% during period 1 and 6.0% during period 2 (P =.01). The adjusted risk ratio for period 2 versus period 1 was 0.65, with 95% confidence limits of 0.45 to 0.94. The mortality rate over a period of 3 years was 26.5% during period 1 and 17.8% during period 2 (P <.0001). The adjusted risk ratio for period 2 versus period 1 was 0.67, with 95% confidence limits of 0.54 to 0.82. Among inhabitants aged 30 to 74 years in the community of Göteborg, the CHD mortality rate decreased in 1995 as compared with 1990 (age-adjusted odds ratio 0.79, 95% confidence limits 0.68 to 0.92). CONCLUSIONS: For consecutive patients aged <75 years who were hospitalized for AMI in the community of Göteborg, we found that in the thrombolytic era, major changes in medical and nonmedical treatment still took place associated with a continuing decrease in mortality rates during 3 years of follow-up. A similar reduction of CHD mortality rates was seen in the same age group within the community of Göteborg.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Influence of fluoroquinolone susceptibility on the therapeutic response of fluoroquinolone-treated bacterial keratitis.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate how a corneal isolate's minimal inhibitory concentration for a fluoroquinolone agent affects the rate of clinical response of bacterial keratitis to fluoroquinolone therapy. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. METHODS: Six hundred sixty-three individuals with suspected bacterial keratitis underwent diagnostic corneal scraping and were treated with topical 0.3% ciprofloxacin solution or ointment. Of 407 patients with culture-confirmed bacterial keratitis, improvement and cure rates with ciprofloxacin monotherapy were estimated for 391 who had in vitro ciprofloxacin susceptibility of the principal corneal isolate. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Slitlamp biomicroscopic assessment for clinical improvement of corneal inflammation and for clinical cure with complete reepithelialization. RESULTS: Adjusted rates of improvement and of cure were reduced, respectively, by 43% (95% confidence limits, 8%, 64%) and by 29% (95% confidence limits, 0%, 49%) among corneal infections having a ciprofloxacin minimal inhibitory concentration above 1.0 micro g/mL compared with those with more sensitive isolates. CONCLUSIONS: Corneal infection by relatively ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria responds more slowly to ciprofloxacin therapy. Antibacterial susceptibility testing of corneal cultures may predict the fluoroquinolone therapeutic response rate of bacterial keratitis.

Anti-Infective Agents↗
PubMed1986

Delayed visual evoked potentials in chronic alcoholism.

Pattern reversal visual evoked potentials (VEPs) were studied in 80 chronic alcoholics and in 43 normal subjects. In the patient group, P2 latencies and inter-eye differences were found above the 98% confidence limit in 30%, and above the 99.9% confidence limit in 10%. An abnormal waveform was observed in 12.5% and 7.5% of the patients. VEP abnormalities showed some statistical correlation with the gamma-type of alcoholism of Jellinek, but almost no correlation was observed with a variety of clinical and laboratory data. This suggest that VEP abnormalities are unrelated to other toxic effects of alcohol on the peripheral and central nervous systems or on metabolism.

Adult↗