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Results for “common variation”

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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Lactoferrin and transferrin: functional variations on a common structural framework.

Lactoferrin shares many structural and functional features with serum transferrin, including an ability to bind iron very tightly, but reversibly, a highly-conserved three-dimensional structure, and essentially identical iron-binding sites. Nevertheless, lactoferrin has some unique properties that differentiate it: an ability to retain iron to much lower pH, a positively charged surface, and other surface features that give it additional functions. Here, we review the structural basis for these similarities and differences, including the importance of dynamics and conformational change, and specific interactions that regulate iron binding and release.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

The plant response in pathogenesis, symbiosis, and wounding: variations on a common theme?

Upon interaction with pathogenic Pseudomonads or symbiotic Rhizobia, or after wounding by abrasion or insects, the plant reacts in superficially different ways, leading to either a close association or defense against the intruder. However, a closer examination reveals that similar genes and metabolic pathways are induced. This raises the possibility that signal perception and transduction proceed via similar pathways, leading to overlaps in the response reaction. This review compares current knowledge of the plant reaction to apparently different biotic and abiotic stimuli, and highlights that within the course of evolution similar response mechanisms were adapted to specific needs.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Positional variations of the common carotid artery bifurcation: implications for digital subtraction angiography.

A retrospective examination of the arteriograms of 200 common carotid artery bifurcations was undertaken to determine the number of instances in which, because of superimposition of the external carotid artery in relation to the internal carotid artery, a lateral view would be required to profile the bifurcation fully. Although oblique views did adequately demonstrate the bifurcation in the majority of instances (124/200, 62%), the lateral view was clearly required for a diagnostically adequate display of the bifurcation in 37% (74/200) of instances. Therefore, if digital radiographs do not profile the bifurcation, a lateral arteriogram should be included in the radiographic examination; some serious, treatable abnormalities will otherwise go undetected.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Nitrogen metabolism and nitrogen control in corynebacteria: variations of a common theme.

The published genome sequences of Corynebacterium diphtheriae, Corynebacterium efficiens, Corynebacterium glutamicum and Corynebacterium jeikeium were screened for genes encoding central components of nitrogen source uptake, nitrogen assimilation and nitrogen control systems. Interestingly, the soil-living species C. efficiens and C. glutamicum exhibit a broader spectrum of genes for nitrogen transport and metabolism than the pathogenic species C. diphtheriae and C. jeikeium. The latter are characterized by gene decay and loss of functions like urea metabolism and nitrogen-dependent transcription control. The global regulator of nitrogen regulation AmtR and its DNA-binding motif are conserved in C. diphtheriae, C. efficiens and C. glutamicum, while in C. jeikeium, an AmtR-encoding gene as well as putative AmtR-binding motifs are missing.

Amino Acid Motifs↗
PubMed2001

Targeting of Ran: variation on a common theme?

The Ran GTPase plays a key role in nucleocytoplasmic transport. In its GTP-bound form, it directly interacts with members of the importin beta family of nuclear transport receptors and modulates their association with cargo. Work in cell-free higher-eukaryote systems has demonstrated additional roles for Ran in spindle and nuclear envelope formation during mitosis. However, until recently, no Ran-target proteins in these cellular processes were known. Several groups have now identified importin beta as one important target of Ran during mitotic spindle formation. This finding suggests that Ran uses the same effectors to regulate different cellular processes.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Os trigonum. Variation of a common accessory ossicle of the talus.

The authors present a pictorial essay showing the range of variability of separate and attached os trigona in dry-bone specimens. The presence of free os trigona is found to be 1.7% in an early 20th-century skeletal sample, with no findings of the trait in 513 tali of prehistoric native Americans and Eskimos.

Adult↗
PubMed1967

A semiautomated journal check-in and binding system; or variations on a common theme.

The journal check-in project described here, though based on a computerized system, uses only unit-record equipment and is designed for the medium-sized library. The frequency codes used are based on the date printed on the journal rather than on the expected date of receipt, which allows for more stability in the coding scheme. The journal's volume number and issue number, which in other systems are usually predetermined by a computer, are inserted at the time of check-in. Routine claiming of overdue issues and a systematic binding schedule have also been developed as by-products.

Computers↗
PubMed1997

Unusual bifurcation-level variation of the left common carotid artery: anatomic presentation of a surgical case.

We report an anatomical variation of the left common carotid artery in a 65 year old patient with larynx carcinoma, that was detected during a radical neck dissection. The bifurcation of the artery was at the level of sixth cervical vertebra that is significantly lower than the commonly accepted normal level. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other report of a similar variation in the medical literature.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Understanding variation for clinical governance: an illustration using the diagnosis and treatment of sore throat.

BACKGROUND: The aim of clinical governance is to improve clinical care. An understanding of the information contained in variation is central to any improvement effort. We must distinguish between variation intrinsic to a process (common cause variation) and variation caused by extrinsic factors (special cause variation). The control chart is a method of distinguishing between these two kinds of variation: it is used in industry to effect improvement and may be useful in primary care. AIM: To illustrate the use of control charts to distinguish between common cause and special cause variation and to guide appropriate action. DESIGN OF STUDY: Analysis of diagnostic and treatment decisions for sore throat. SETTING: Single practice in the West Midlands. METHODS: We identified each general practitioner's (GP's) consultations for sore throat over a two-year period. We grouped these into two diagnostic categories (tonsillitis and non-tonsillar throat infection) and two treatment categories (antibiotics and no antibiotics). These data were illustrated graphically as XY control charts. RESULTS: In this practice, a special cause affects one GP's diagnosis--he is less likely to use the term 'tonsillitis'. A special cause also affects his treatment decisions--he is more likely to prescribe antibiotics. Diagnostic and treatment differences between the remaining GPs are consistent with common cause variation. CONCLUSION: In this practice, action to improve the quality of diagnosis and treatment of sore throat shouldfocus on investigating why one practitioner's diagnosis and treatment differs from that of his colleagues. Control chart analysis is valuable because it enables users to obtain practical guidance for action.

Decision Making↗