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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1959

Significance of ecological studies of wild animal reservoirs of zoonoses.

The paucity of information on the ecology of wild animal reservoirs over most of the world is one of the factors that has led to hesitation and failure in controlling these diseases in many areas. Extensive application of ecological studies and methods would not only assist in zoonosis control but might well also lead to the discovery of new diseases, to the acquisition of fundamental knowledge capable of application in other fields of biology, and to the finding of new experimental animals for laboratory work.Although such studies properly require the co-operation of a wide variety of specialists-epidemiologists, ecologists, parasitologists, botanists, geologists and climatologists are among those who may to advantage be called upon-in practice much can be accomplished by a few interested and well-equipped field workers backed by a good museum and laboratory services.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Serologically detected "new" tick-borne zoonoses in eastern Croatia.

AIM: To establish serologically a contact with causative agents of human monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis, human babesiosis, recently detected rickettsioses, and Lyme disease in individuals with a history of tick bite from three counties in eastern Croatia. METHODS: Seroepidemiologic testing was performed in 102 subjects with a history of tick bite, who either requested examination for a tick bite or were suspected of having tick-borne disease. The study was carried out during the 1998-1999 period in the area of the Vukovar-Srijem, Osijek-Baranya, and Brod-Posavina counties. Serum analysis was performed by indirect immunofluorescence assay for the detection of antibodies to causative agents of human monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis (Ehrlichia chaffeensis and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis agent), human babesiosis (Babesia divergens), and rickettsiosis. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for the detection of antibodies to the spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi, the cause of Lyme disease. The assays were performed at the Department of Microbiology, Osijek Public Health Institute in Osijek, and their results were confirmed at the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine in Ljubljana, Slovenia. RESULTS: Ehrlichia chaffensis antibodies were detected in 5 sera, and antibodies to the causative agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis in 7 sera. A low titer of antibodies to the etiologic agent of babesiosis (Babesia microti) was detected only in a single serum. Eight sera that were positive for rickettsial antibodies contained rather high titers of antibodies against Rickettsia conorii, the agent of Mediterranean fever, and Rickettsia rickettsii, the agent of Rocky Mountain spotted fever. In six out of these 8 sera, antibodies to Rickettsia typhi, the cause of murine typhus, were detected possibly as a cross-reaction with some "newly detected" rickettsia circulating in this part of Europe, most likely Rickettsia slovaca. Positive titer of antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi was detected in 15 sera. CONCLUSION: The agents of human monocytic and granulocytic ehrlichiosis and of possibly newly detected rickettsiae were indirectly demonstrated to circulate in eastern parts of Croatia. The results obtained by IFA failed to provide definite evidence for the circulation of the human babesiosis agent, because the IFA used in our study detected Babesia microti, which prevails in the USA, but not Babesia divergens, which is the predominant cause of the disease in Europe. Serologic evidence for Borrelia burgdorferi infection was demonstrated in 80% of the subjects suspected of having the skin manifestation of Lyme disease.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Zoonoses of occupational health importance in contemporary laboratory animal research.

In contemporary laboratory animal facilities, workplace exposure to zoonotic pathogens, agents transmitted to humans from vertebrate animals or their tissues, is an occupational hazard. The primary (e.g., macaques, pigs, dogs, rabbits, mice, and rats) and secondary species (e.g., sheep, goats, cats, ferrets, and pigeons) of animals commonly used in biomedical research, as classified by the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine, are established or potential hosts for a large number of zoonotic agents. Diseases included in this review are principally those wherein a risk to biomedical facility personnel has been documented by published reports of human cases in laboratory animal research settings, or under reasonably similar circumstances. Diseases are listed alphabetically, and each section includes information about clinical disease, transmission, occurrence, and prevention in animal reservoir species and humans. Our goal is to provide a resource for veterinarians, health-care professionals, technical staff, and administrators that will assist in the design and on-going evaluation of institutional occupational health and safety programs.

Animals↗