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Tooth loss treatment in the anterior region: autotransplantation of premolars and cryopreservation.

Avulsed and lost anterior teeth are common in young people. Using autotransplantation, it is possible to move problems in dental arches to regions where they are more easy to solve orthodontically. Transplantation of premolars with three-quarter root formation or full root formation with wide-open apical foramina provides the best prognosis for long-term survival. This article describes the use of autotransplantation and orthodontic treatment, together with cryopreservation, in connection with complicated trauma in the anterior region of an 8-year-old girl.

Bicuspid↗

Postmenopausal tooth loss. Contributions to edentulism by osteoporosis and cigarette smoking.

Two hundred eight white women, aged 60 to 69 years, had acquired 218 upper or lower full dentures. Each woman's smoking habits and current osteoporosis severity (percent cortical area [PCA] at metacarpal midshaft) were compared with the age at which she had acquired each full denture. Among osteoporotic women (PCA less than 70%) who still had their natural teeth at age 50 years, 44% had required a new full denture before age 60 compared with 15% of nonosteoporotic women (PCA greater than 80). Different denture requirements between these groups had not existed before age 50 but had continued after age 60. Fifty-two percent of smokers, 26% of nonsmokers, and only 8% of nonosteoporotic nonsmokers had required dentures since age 50. These observations strongly suggest that middle-aged women may be more likely to retain their teeth if they avoid smoking and undertake a program effective in preventing progression of osteoporosis.

Aged↗

[Does the alveolar process of the maxilla always disappear after tooth loss?].

The existence of the alveolar process depends on the development of teeth. In edentulous maxillae, the alveolar process disappears in general in the region of incisives, canines and eventually premolars, but it persists in over 80% of cases in the region of molars. The persistence of the alveolar process correlates with the pneumatisation of the alveolar process by the alveolar recess of the maxillary sinus. The sinus may invade the whole alveolar process or only part of it so that in its lower part a thicker bone layer persists. Very rarely the alveolar process disappears completely with the loss of teeth. The deepest recess of the maxillary sinus corresponds to the level of the zygomatic process i.e. to the region of the first and second molar teeth.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗

Tooth loss in South Australia.

A survey of approximately 8,300 subjects in the State of South Australia indicated that approximately 228,400 South Australians aged 15 years and over (26%) were edentulous and, of these, 95% wore full maxillary and mandibular dentures. The proportion of edentulous subjects increased with age and was lower in males, upper socioeconomic groups, immigrants and in the State capital.

Adolescent↗

Geographic effects on dental caries prevalence and tooth loss in Australia.

Geographic effects on caries prevalence have been noted in studies in the United States, Australia and South Africa. Australia, because of its large land mass, is a useful standpoint from which to gauge such effects, particularly since countrywide data from the School Dental Service is processed centrally, and since the Australian Bureau of Statistics has recently conducted a nationwide survey of adult dental health status. Both studies reveal a distinct impact of geographical factors on dental morbidity. DMF scores in 12-yr-old children are higher in the southern states, and rates of edentulousness in 35-44-yr-olds in Tasmania (latitude 40(0)-45(0)S) are double those for the more northerly states.

Adult↗

Periodontal disease, tooth loss, and oral hygiene among older Americans.

Recent research has suggested that susceptibility to destructive periodontal disease may not be as universal as was previously thought. This report analyzes data from a representative national sample of 11 338 American adults aged 25-74, examined in a national survey in 1971-74. Results showed that 46.1% of those aged 65-74 were edentulous, but half of the dentate persons in that age group were diagnosed as free of destructive periodontal disease. Periodontal (PI) and oral hygiene (OHI-S) index scores in this group were significantly better in those persons who had lost fewest teeth. When persons aged 65-74 who retained 25 or more teeth were compared with younger adults who also had 25 or more teeth, OHI-S and CI scores were similar. It is hypothesized that maintenance of oral hygiene levels corresponding to OHI-S scores of 0.3-0.6, and calculus levels corresponding to CI scores of 0.1-0.2, is sufficient to maintain a dentition free of periodontal disease throughout life. Slightly higher OHI-S levels (0.7-1.3) and CI levels (0.3-0.6) might be compatible with acceptably low levels of periodontal disease.

Adult↗

Tooth loss and dental caries in institutionalized elderly in Italy.

An epidemiological survey of dental health status and needs was conducted in a group of 234 randomly selected institutionalized elderly people in Naples, Italy. The mean age of the patients was 81.4 yr, 71.4% were women and 28.6% men. A total of 140 (59.8%) people were totally edentulous; an additional 13.7% were edentulous in one jaw. A significant increase in prevalence of edentulousness with increasing age was recorded. 44.3% of the edentulous in both jaws wore complete dentures. The mean number of remaining sound teeth, decayed teeth and root remnants in the elderly with maxillary and mandibular natural teeth decreased with increasing age. Of the 94 dentate elderly, 29.8% had no need of dental treatment. Of all dentate patients 68.1% needed one or more dental extractions with a mean need of 3.9 per patient; 37.2% needed restorative treatment for one or more teeth with a mean need per patient of 2.9. Analysis of the results showed poor dental health in this target group and the necessity of improving the dental health services programs for the elderly living in institutions.

Aged↗

[Tooth loss and osteoporosis].

In spite of promoting the 8020 campaign in Japan, the number of residual teeth is 4.6 at the age of 80. The dental loss in adult is caused mainly by caries and/or periodontal disease. Although both osteoporosis and periodontal disease show symptoms to bone tissue, the correlation between osteoporosis and periodontal disease still remains not so clear. Further studies are necessary to detail the mechanism of periodontal bone resorption influenced by not only local factors but also systemic condition of bone metabolism.

English Abstract↗