Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “THIGH”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Determination of thigh muscle stiffness using magnetic resonance elastography.

PURPOSE: To measure the elastic properties of the vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM), and sartorius (Sr) muscles using magnetic resonance elastography (MRE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: To obtain a normative database of the aforementioned muscles, oblique scan directions were prescribed passing through each muscle. Shear waves were induced into the muscles using pneumatic and mechanical drivers at 90 and 120 Hz, respectively. These drivers were attached to the distal end of the right thigh with the knee flexed at 30 degrees . The foot was placed in a footplate containing MR-compatible load cells to record the force during a contraction (10% and 20% of the maximum voluntary contraction). RESULTS: The shear moduli measured at rest in the VL (N = 12), VM (N = 14), and Sr (N = 13) were 3.73 +/- 0.85 kPa, 3.91 +/- 1.15 kPa, and 7.53 +/- 1.63 kPa, respectively. The stiffness of both vasti increased with the level of contraction, while the stiffness of the Sr remained the same. CONCLUSION: The MRE technique was able to approximate the stiffness of different thigh muscles. Furthermore, the wave length was sensitive to the morphology (unipennate or longitudinal) and fiber composition (type I or II) in each muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Use of contralateral rectus femoris flap: an alternative for covering exposed femoral vessels of the thigh.

Myocutaneous coverage of large defects in the thigh following resection of tumors is necessary to ensure adequate protection of the underlying femoral vessels. The usual muscles employed as flaps to achieve this protection are ipsilateral sartorius, rectus femoris, tensor fasciae latae, gracilis, rectus abdominis, or vastus lateralis. However, for situations in which these muscles are not available, the surgeon needs an alternative flap. This report details the successful use of the contralateral rectus femoris muscle to cover exposed femoral vessels in the upper and middle thirds of the thigh. Findings of anatomical dissections confirm that, by freeing the muscle at its origin, its reach can be extended about 6 cm. Postoperatively, no functional deficits resulted from the flap and no damage to the skin graft occurred with radiation therapy. Use of the contralateral rectus femoris flap should therefore be considered when a reliable alternative to conventional flaps must be employed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Free anteromedial thigh flap: clinical application and review of literature.

The anteromedial thigh (AMT) flap is reviewed in terms of its vascular anatomy and previous clinical reports in the literature. Our own series of 5 patients treated with this flap for defects in the head and neck region and lower extremity is presented. Although several authors controversially discussed vasculature, we constantly found the pedicle as an emerging septocutaneous perforator at a point where the medial border of the rectus femoris muscle is crossed by the sartorius muscle. In all 5 patients, the AMT flap provided stable coverage with no flap loss. Based on our findings, we conclude that the anteromedial thigh flap offers all the advantages of fasciocutaneous flaps. Therefore, we recommend this flap as an alternative for defects requiring coverages of thin to moderate skin thickness. However, it should be remembered that variations in vascular anatomy are possible.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

Reliable option for reconstruction of amputation stumps: the free anterolateral thigh flap.

The increased use of microsurgery has enabled reconstructive surgeons to deal with tissue defects of various sizes and compositions. The limited amount of qualified tissue for covering is the primary problem in stump reconstruction. Free flaps offer the ideal solution by providing the optimal cover, and by preserving the length of the amputation site. Anterolateral thigh flaps were preferred for reconstruction of lower extremity amputation sites of nine patients admitted both in the subacute and chronic periods. All underwent previous stump reconstruction with local flaps in other clinics. Anterolateral thigh flaps avoided further shortening of the extremities, and provided stable tissue for prosthesis use. The flap offers reliable soft-tissue reconstruction of amputation stumps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Case-of-the-month: painful thigh mass in a young woman: diabetic muscle infarction.

A 29-year-old female with type I diabetes mellitus developed pain, focal tenderness, and swelling in the posterior left thigh. Subsequent evaluation included a muscle biopsy, which revealed large confluent areas of necrosis and edema, compatible with a diagnosis of diabetic muscle infarction (DMI). Diabetic muscle infarction (DMI) is an unusual neuromuscular complication of diabetes mellitus. DMI begins with the acute onset of focal pain and swelling in the thigh. The anterior compartment (quadriceps muscle group) or posterior compartment (hamstring muscle group) are most frequently involved. The focal region of muscle damage can be noninvasively viewed by magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide scans. Muscle biopsy demonstrates large confluent regions of muscle necrosis and edema. DMI needs to be differentiated from other processes that can cause leg pain in a diabetic patient.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Anterolateral thigh vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap for vulvar reconstruction after radical vulvectomy: a preliminary experience.

BACKGROUND: There are many myocutaneous flap methods which have been reported for the immediate reconstruction of large vulvar defects created by deforming radical cancer surgery in the female perineum except for the anterolateral thigh vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap. The present report describes our preliminary experience with the use of this flap in a patient who underwent radical vulvectomy for locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva. CASE: A 75-year-old woman underwent radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy due to right vulvar squamous cell carcinoma. The large vulvar defect was immediately reconstructed by using anterolateral thigh vastus lateralis myocutaneous flap. The postoperative course was uneventful. In addition to the expected primary healing, the neovulva had a relatively normal appearance with satisfactory sensation and function and the donor defect was found to be minimal both functionally and aesthetically. CONCLUSION: This technique can be used as an alternative method for vulvar reconstruction after radical vulvectomy. Further studies are warranted to prove the efficacy of this myocutaneous flap in reconstructing large vulvar defects.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Uncemented total hip replacements and thigh pain.

We reviewed 51 uncemented total hip replacements (THRs) in 44 patients (mean age 62 years) and average postoperative follow-up period of 4 years. The evaluation system used was based on that of D'Aubigne-Postel-Charnley, and the excellent and very good results totalled over 90%. There were no revisions or aseptic loosenings, and only one late infection and one death due to cardiac infarction. Special attention was paid to the so-called thigh pain phenomenon which, despite current views, was found to be unexpectedly low (only one case) and also gone within 2 years. We feel that the design of the prosthesis used, its kind of alloy, the anatomic shape of the stem and the low modulus of the elasticity as well as the avoidance of the press fitting technique at the distal part of the stem are important factors in avoiding the stress shielding phenomenon and thigh pain.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

The reversed-flow medio-distal fasciocutaneous island thigh flap: anatomic basis and clinical applications.

A new fasciocutaneous reversed-flow island flap of the thigh is presented which is independent of the presence of perfused blood vessels below the level of the knee joint-line. The pedicle, which is supplied by the proximal genicular anastomotic network, consists of the osteoarticular branch (OAB) and concomitant veins of the descending genicular artery. Based on cadaver dissections the OAB arose in 23/30 specimens (77%) together with the saphenous artery (SA). In 2/30 specimens (7%) the OAB originated directly from the superficial femoral artery and in 1/30 specimens (3%) the OAB was absent. The OAB gave off one to three cutaneous branches to the overlying skin in 26/30 specimens (87%). We were able to elevate a flap on the osteoarticular branch alone in 57%. Additional length could be added to the pedicle in 33% by including the most proximal part of the saphenous artery together with its first cutaneous branch. Thus, in 90% of the dissections a reversed-flow island flap could be raised which reached the proximal half of the leg, the knee and the most distal part of the thigh. We report our early clinical experience.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Thigh pain due to obturator internus phlegmon: a diagnostic challenge.

A 9-year-old boy with thigh pain, high fever, hyperleukocytosis and positive blood cultures for Staphylococcus aureus had a left obturator internus phlegmon. Lack of evidence for hip infection or osteomyelitis in a child with thigh pain, high fever and hyperleukocytosis points to a possible infection of pelvic structures. Abscess or phlegmon of the obturator internus muscle is a very rare condition. The most frequent agent is Staphylococcus aureus. CT of the pelvis is the procedure of choice to show diffuse swelling of the muscle or collection of pus. Conservative treatment with adequate antibiotics is the treatment of choice.

Abscess↗
PubMed1981

Clinical experience with the saphena loop arteriovenous fistula on the thigh.

The increasing number of patients on regular dialysis treatment (RDT) for many years produces a number of problems, one of which is the vascular access procedure. When the internal subcutaneous fistula cannot be used either as the first procedure or after some years of treatment, alternative methods are necessary. We present here clinical experience with the saphenous vein arteriovenous fistula placed on the upper thigh in 8 patients. The function was insufficient with a flow rate of about 125 ml/min and the complication rate was very high with development of 5 haematomas, 1 thrombosis and 1 case of severe oedema. Far more serious, however, the recording of 2 fatal external bleeding episodes. According to the literature, clinical experience with this procedure is very limited in other centres. From our experience we would not recommend this procedure and from the 2 fatal bleeding episodes we would question the placement of any fistula on the upper thigh unless absolutely necessary.

Arteriovenous Shunt, Surgical↗
PubMed1987

The anatomical basis for transfixion of the thigh.

Serial cross-sections of the thigh have been used to indicate where osseous transfixion is possible without damaging neuro-vascular structures or major tendons or penetrating a joint. Safe areas for transfixion using fine wires and their corresponding cutaneous zones are indicated. Two cutaneous zones each representing a quarter of the circumference of the thigh form safe zones for transfixion. The first begins on the ventral surface of the hip and ends on the medial aspect of the knee, while the second begins on the posterior aspect of the buttock and ends on the lateral aspect of the knee.

Humans↗
PubMed2003

Safety of a combined strength and endurance training using neuromuscular electrical stimulation of thigh muscles in patients with heart failure and bipolar sensing cardiac pacemakers.

Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) is an effective and non-strenuous therapy to enhance the strength and endurance capacity of the skeletal muscles in patients with severe chronic heart failure. NMES in patients with pacemakers is controversial because potential electromagnetic interference may result in pacemaker malfunction. Therefore, such patients are in general excluded from NMES. The aim of this pilot study was to evaluate the safety of a combined NMES protocol to increase strength and endurance capacity of the skeletal muscles in patients with heart failure and implanted pacemakers. Seven patients with chronic heart failure and implanted cardiac pacemakers with bipolar sensing leads received NMES treatment of thigh muscles, using a combined protocol comprising biphasic, symmetric, rectangular constant current impulses at different frequencies (8-50 Hz), pulse width up to 60 s (8 Hz), 4 s (15 Hz), 4 s (30 Hz), and 6 s (50 Hz), and amplitudes up to +/- 100 mA (all frequencies) applied to both knee extensor and flexor muscles via surface electrodes (8 x 13 cm each). Acute electromagnetic interference during a safety procedure (telemetric monitoring) before therapeutic NMES application was not observed in any of the patients. The 7 patients received during 20 therapeutic NMES sessions a total of 23,380 on-phases, comprising 2194.08 x 10(3) biphasic electrical pulses, without adverse events. Heart rate monitoring during stimulation and pacemaker interrogation revealed no abnormalities. NMES treatment of thigh muscles using a combined NMES protocol to enhance strength and endurance capacity appears to be safe in patients with heart failure and implanted pacemakers with bipolar sensing, as far as the described electrode configuration and parameter range is applied.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Pneumothorax due to hemangiopericytoma metastasis from the thigh.

A 25-year-old female had malignant hemangiopericytoma of the right thigh resected. Three years later, right pneumothorax developed, necessitating a thoracotomy. A 3-cm bulla was discovered on the lower right pulmonary lobe and was subsequently resected. Microscopy showed tumor cells which were positive for actin, but negative for epithelial membrane antigen, vimentin, and factor VIII-related antigen--features compatible with those of the thigh. The patient has been free of the disease for five years. Pertinent literature reveals similar cases with hemangioendothelioma but offers few reports on pneumothorax caused by metastatic hemangiopericytoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Net fluxes over working thigh of hormones, growth factors and biomarkers of bone metabolism during short lasting dynamic exercise.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of hormones, growth factors, and biomarkers involved in bone and muscle metabolism during exercise and in recovery. One leg knee-extension exercise and concomitant sampling from the artery and vein were performed. In 12 healthy individuals (6 men and 6 women; age 21-36 years) blood was drawn from the femoral artery and vein at rest, after 10 minutes warm-up, after 15 minutes work at 61% of peak one leg VO2, and after 5 minutes work at peak one leg VO2, as well as 5, 30, and 60 minutes in recovery. Blood flow in the femoral vein was measured using the thermodilution technique. Arteriovenous differences were measured over working thigh for growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGF BP3), parathyroid hormone (PTH) and bone biomarkers, i.e., the carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), the carboxyterminal cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), osteocalcin, and bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP). There was an uptake of GH (3.1 +/- 1.2 mU x min(-1), P < 0.001; mean +/- SE) over thigh during exercise and a release of IGF-I at the end of exercise (60 +/- 36 microg x min(-1); P < 0.01). PICP was also released after the maximal exercise (23 +/- 12 microg x min(-1); P < 0.01) as well as ICTP (0.5 +/- 0.3 microg x min(-1); P < 0.05) and b-ALP (0.2 +/- 0.1 microkat x min(-1); P < 0.05). Osteocalcin, IGF BP3, and PTH revealed no clearcut pattern. In the present study, exercise induces endocrine changes which point to anabolic effects on muscle and bone tissue.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

High thigh muscle strength but not bone mass in young horseback-riding females.

To evaluate whether the type of weight-bearing loading subjected to the skeleton during horseback-riding was associated with differences in bone mass and muscle strength of the thigh, we investigated bone mass and isokinetic muscle strength in 20 female horse riders (age 17.9 +/- 0.6 years) who were riding 7.0 +/- 3.4 hours/week, and 20 nonactive females (age 17.8 +/- 1.1 years). The groups were matched according to age, weight, and height. Areal bone mineral density was measured in total body, head, lumbar spine, right femoral neck, Ward's triangle, and trochanter, the whole dominant and nondominant humerus, and in specific sites in the right femur diaphysis, distal femur, proximal tibia, and tibia diaphysis using dual X-ray absorptiometry. Isokinetic concentric and eccentric peak torque of the quadricep and hamstring muscles were measured using an isokinetic dynamometer. There were no significant differences in bone mass between the horseback riders and nonactives at any site measured. The horse riders were significantly (P < 0.05-0.01) stronger in concentric hamstrings strength at 90 degrees/second and 225 degrees/second and in eccentric quadricep and hamstring strength at 90 degrees/second. Horseback riding in young females is associated with a high muscle strength of the thigh, but not with a high bone mass.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Bilateral elastofibroma of the thighs with concomitant subscapular lesions.

We report a case of elastofibroma that occurred in both thighs and subscapular regions. The MR signal intensity of the lesions was typical for elastofibroma. Although bilateral involvement of the thighs is exceptional, the presence of concomitant characteristic bilateral subscapular lesions was helpful in making the diagnosis of elastofibroma.

Aged↗
PubMed2004

Adductor insertion avulsion syndrome, "thigh splints": relevance of radiological follow-up.

We present a case of chronic osteomyelitis in a 13-year-old girl which was originally diagnosed as adductor insertion avulsion syndrome ("thigh splints") on the basis of the clinical presentation, patient history, initial radiographs and MRI examination. However, at follow-up with persistent pain and altered radiographic and MRI appearances, surgical biopsy was indicated. Histopathological findings confirmed a bone abscess. This case underlines the necessity of clinical follow-up and imaging in certain patients with apparent thigh splints.

Adolescent↗