Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “TELEVISION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Television news coverage of nurse strikes: a resource management perspective.

The quality of television news coverage of nurses' strikes and other labor activities plays a crucial role in expanding such conflicts to the public with either prolabor or promanagement colorations. It was found that access to the medium was influenced by the magnitude of the disruption. Nurse unions are benefited by more positive television news coverage when they (1) project an image of solidarity, (2) maintain unity over time, and (3) receive the support of other types of health-care workers. As predicted, hospital administrators were the most negative in televised comments about striking nurses.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Talk-back television: continuing education for the 1980s.

Sixty-seven dietitians (N = 67) who participated in a talk-back television course in June 1981 were solicited for information to evaluate this method of continuing education. Responses (90%) supported data in the professional literature which specified that cost and distance deterred attendance at continuing education programs. Although problems such as technical difficulties and impersonal nature were identified with talk-back television, the majority of respondents (83%) gave it positive ratings and stated that they would participate in other such programs. Improvements need to be considered to enhance the attractiveness of this mode of learning for dietitians, but during the financial retrenchment of the 1980s, talk-back television appears to be supported as cost-effective and desirable.

Dietetics↗
PubMed1984

Images of health and medical science conveyed by television.

Content analysis was carried out on medical programmes on BBC television over a three-month period. Television medical programmes were shown to concentrate on hospital-based, technological and expert-dependent issues at the expense of primary care and community health. Images of technology, the hospital and the hospital specialist were found to predominate. Issues such as the family, preventive care, housing and the environment were rarely raised. Doctors appeared and spoke in 94 per cent of programmes, whereas nurses were seen (although not necessarily heard) in 30 per cent. Of 70 doctors interviewed on television, nearly three quarters were hospital doctors or scientists. Only one doctor was explicitly referred to as a general practitioner.

Health↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of the flying spot technique as a television method for measuring red cell velocity in microvessels.

The success of measuring red cell velocity in microvessels by television methods based on cross-correlation depends to a considerable extent on the optical contrast between red cells and plasma gaps passing through these vessels. Poor optical contrast, such as under conditions of low magnification, may result in deteriorated cross-correlograms and, consequently, in completely erroneous velocity values. The success of measuring velocity by the flying spot technique, however, depends only on the operator's ability (1) to discern the moving red cells, and (2) to match the speed of the spot to that of these cells. We have implemented this technique as a television method and estimated the subjective error involved in this velocity matching. Under a total magnification of 112 X, the estimated relative errors among four observers in the velocity range from 0.10 to 0.57 mm/s varied between 4.4 and 14.9%, while the overall error was 8.7%. It was concluded that this technique can provide, in the range from 0 up to possibly 1-2 mm/s, quick and reliable velocity measurements with a reasonable accuracy. Also, since no sophisticated equipment is required for the implementation, this method, at present, is much less expensive than the other conventional television methods for measuring velocity.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

[Analysis of the content of information transmitted by television on physical conditioning].

This investigation was conducted to analyze the content of televised physical fitness programs. A specially designed study to investigate the information content of four televised series. The analysis of a representative sample of the information content presented on these televised programs revealed that the strategy adopted by french speaking instructors differed on specific aspects froms those adopted by their English speaking counterparts. The information content provided by English speaking instructors was concerned primarily with improvement of muscular qualities, whereas French speaking instructors seem more preoccupied to transmit general information on physical fitness, physical fitness programs and on health habits.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Health behavior changes through television: the roles of de facto and motivated selection processes.

We assess the role played by two types of self-selection in accounting for the influence of a television series on smoking cessation. De facto selection is based on respondents' regular channel viewing habits that can expose them to the series. Motivated self-selection takes place when viewers deliberately select to watch television programming because it meets their desire to quit smoking. Self-selection also can be viewed as a methodological artifact, spuriously accounting for the association between the airing of the series and smoking cessation among the target audience. Subjects were a probability sample of Chicago smokers who regularly watch the evening news on one of the network channels. The intervention was a televised self-help smoking cessation program broadcast on one of the network channels over 20 days. Using nested covariance structure models for the analysis, we conclude that 1) de facto selection had no influence on exposure to the program; 2) motivated selection had no influence on exposure to the program; 3) the program reduced smoking; and 4) this effect cannot be attributed solely to the methodological artifact of self-selection, although motivation to quit smoking did have the strongest influence on attempts to quit.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Public awareness of the risks of drinking alcohol during pregnancy: the effects of a television campaign. Child Health Committee, Manitoba Medical Association.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a television public awareness campaign on knowledge of the dangers of drinking alcohol during pregnancy. DESIGN: A survey with five questions on alcohol and pregnancy and five health questions unrelated to alcohol was administered before and after the campaign. PARTICIPANTS: Three thousand women aged 15-45 years. INTERVENTION: A 30-second announcement with a message on alcohol and pregnancy was broadcast over ten weeks by five television stations in Manitoba. RESULTS: More respondents after the campaign thought that alcohol consumption in pregnancy would put the baby at risk, and attributed this information to "television". There were no differences in the responses to the five health questions unrelated to alcohol. CONCLUSIONS: An increase in awareness of the risks of drinking alcohol during pregnancy was observed after a mass media campaign.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Occupational portrayals on television: children's role schemata, career aspirations, and perceptions of reality.

UNLABELLED: Do children's schemata for occupations they observe in real life differ from those they see on TV? 177 second- and fifth-graders were assigned to conditions in a 2 (real-life or on TV) x 2 (police officer or nurse) design. They answered open-ended questions about what police officers or nurses do (in real life or on TV) and rated the typicality of various job activities. Their schematic knowledge about TV and real occupations was clearly differentiated. TV versions entailed more glamour, higher income, more stereotypes, and more dramatic events without negative consequences. Real-life occupations entailed more effort, status, and excitement. Older children differentiated slightly more clearly than younger ones. Children who perceived television as factual and realistic had real-world schemata similar to TV images. Children who were heavy viewers and perceived television as realistic were most likely to aspire to jobs shown on TV. CONCLUSION: children form separate schemata for social information acquired from TV and from real-world experience, but those who perceive television as socially realistic are apt to incorporate TV messages in their schemata and their aspirations.

Aspirations, Psychological↗
PubMed1998

Reproaching television for violence in society: passing the buck? Interim results from a naturalistic study in St Helena, South Atlantic.

This article refers to a naturalistic study of broadcast television's effects upon the social behaviour of young pupils in St Helena, South Atlantic. Interim findings showed that 2 years after the availability of television, the good behaviour noted before television arrived had been maintained. Explanations for the continuance of good behaviour focuses upon the attributes of watchfulness and care which Islanders exercise over others.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Integral three-dimensional television using a 2000-scanning-line video system.

We have developed an integral three-dimensional (3-D) television that uses a 2000-scanning-line video system that can shoot and display 3-D color moving images in real time. We had previously developed an integral 3-D television that used a high-definition television system. The new system uses -6 times as many elemental images [160 (horizontal) x 118 (vertical) elemental images] arranged at -1.5 times the density to improve further the picture quality of the reconstructed image. Through comparison an image near the lens array can be reconstructed at -1.9 times the spatial frequency, and the viewing angle is -1.5 times as wide.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Sexy media matter: exposure to sexual content in music, movies, television, and magazines predicts black and white adolescents' sexual behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To assess over time whether exposure to sexual content in 4 mass media (television, movies, music, and magazines) used by early adolescents predicts sexual behavior in middle adolescence. METHODS: An in-home longitudinal survey of 1017 black and white adolescents from 14 middle schools in central North Carolina was conducted. Each teen was interviewed at baseline when he or she was 12 to 14 years old and again 2 years later using a computer-assisted self interview (audio computer-assisted self-interview) to ensure confidentiality. A new measure of each teen's sexual media diet (SMD) was constructed by weighting the frequency of use of 4 media by the frequency of sexual content in each television show, movie, music album, and magazine the teen used regularly. RESULTS: White adolescents in the top quintile of sexual media diet when 12 to 14 years old were 2.2 times more likely to have had sexual intercourse when 14 to 16 years old than those who were in the lowest SMD quintile, even after a number of other relevant factors, including baseline sexual behavior, were introduced. The relationship was not statistically significant for black adolescents after controlling for other factors that were more predictive, including parental disapproval of teen sex and perceived permissive peer sexual norms. CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to sexual content in music, movies, television, and magazines accelerates white adolescents' sexual activity and increases their risk of engaging in early sexual intercourse. Black teens appear more influenced by perceptions of their parents' expectations and their friends' sexual behavior than by what they see and hear in the media.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1969

Reinforcing capabilities of television distortion.

The effectiveness of television distortion as a negative reinforcer was analyzed. Contingency arrangements involving television distortion were found to be capable of (a) accelerating the work rate of a naive, mildly retarded subject on a simulated production-line task involving card-sorting, and (b) reducing gross hyperactivity of a mildly retarded subject. An escape-avoidance contingency was arranged for the production-line behavior of the first subject and a punishment contingency for the hyperactive behavior of the second subject. Television distortion appears to be an effective and practical negative reinforcer for use in behavior modification.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2006

Effect of televised, tobacco company-funded smoking prevention advertising on youth smoking-related beliefs, intentions, and behavior.

OBJECTIVE: To relate exposure to televised youth smoking prevention advertising to youths' smoking beliefs, intentions, and behaviors. METHODS: We obtained commercial television ratings data from 75 US media markets to determine the average youth exposure to tobacco company youth-targeted and parent-targeted smoking prevention advertising. We merged these data with nationally representative school-based survey data (n = 103,172) gathered from 1999 to 2002. Multivariate regression models controlled for individual, geographic, and tobacco policy factors, and other televised antitobacco advertising. RESULTS: There was little relation between exposure to tobacco company-sponsored, youth-targeted advertising and youth smoking outcomes. Among youths in grades 10 and 12, during the 4 months leading up to survey administration, each additional viewing of a tobacco company parent-targeted advertisement was, on average, associated with lower perceived harm of smoking (odds ratio [OR]=0.93; confidence interval [CI]=0.88, 0.98), stronger approval of smoking (OR=1.11; CI=1.03,1.20), stronger intentions to smoke in the future (OR=1.12; CI=1.04,1.21), and greater likelihood of having smoked in the past 30 days (OR=1.12; CI=1.04,1.19). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to tobacco company youth-targeted smoking prevention advertising generally had no beneficial outcomes for youths. Exposure to tobacco company parent-targeted advertising may have harmful effects on youth, especially among youths in grades 10 and 12.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1965

THE USE OF CLOSED-CIRCUIT TELEVISION FOR THE TEACHING OF PSYCHOTHERAPEUTIC INTERVIEWING TO MEDICAL STUDENTS.

While closed-circuit television has been used in medical schools in the United States for some 12 years, its use for teaching diagnostic and psychotherapeutic interviewing to medical students has not previously been reported in Canada. The procedure involved a class of 64 students in their second year for a total of 38 hours. Concurrently with the demonstration interviews, the students were supervised in individual practice interviews with patients. The principles of psychotherapy had to be carefully related to the rest of the medical curriculum which essentially is biologically oriented. Three basic principles of health and healing were adopted because they were as applicable psychologically as physically. Evaluation of the program was undertaken by polling the students by means of a questionnaire. The general conclusion was that the use of closed-circuit television for these purposes far surpasses any other technique and has no major drawbacks.

Canada↗
PubMed1977

Retinal blood flow derived from dye dilution curves: Televised fluorescein angiography.

A television system was used to record retinal fluorescein dilution curves. In pigs, fluorescein was injected intravenously (IV), into the left ventricle (ILV), and ILV during bilateral carotid occlusion (ILVco). Dye dilution curves from points on a retinal-artery-vein pair, from two points on a single artery, and from two points on a single vein were recorded by a storage oscilloscope, using two photodetectors positioned over the television image of the vessels. Dye curves were less dispersed following ILV than following IV injections, and were irregular following ILVco injection. The dye appearance time was shortest after injection with ILV and progressively longer with ILVco and IV. The artery-vein mean transit time was greatest during carotid occlusion. Retinal blood flow in a venous segment was calculated to be 0.149 +/- 0.037 mi/min. This value was reproducible following both IV and ILV injections but could not be obtained following ILVco due to irregularity of the curves. It was in the same range as that found (0.095 +/- 0.011 ml/min), using the radioactively labeled microsphere technique. The system was subsequently tested in humans and was found to give reproducible dye curves. The usefulness of the system as a clinical tool is presently being explored.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Stripe therapy for amblyopia with a modified television game.

A variation of "stripe therapy" for amblyopia was evaluated with the use of 50 amblyopic subjects. The stimulus consisted of a television game that had been modified to allow simultaneous display of the game and moving stripe patterns. Subjects used their amblyopic eye to play the game for 20 min/wk. Some of the subjects played the game with the super-imposed stripes, whereas a control group played the game without stripes. The exposure sessions continued for eight to 12 weeks, after which the subjects' visual acuities were measured for follow-up periods lasting up to a year. The visual acuities of many persons improved while they were playing the television game, but with wide variation in performance. During the six- to 12-month follow-up period, the visual acuities of patients decreased from the levels attained during the exposure period. There seemed to be no major difference between the results from persons exposed to stripes and those from the control group, either during the exposure sessions or during the follow-up period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Televised state-sponsored antitobacco advertising and youth smoking beliefs and behavior in the United States, 1999-2000.

BACKGROUND: Recent state budget crises have dramatically reduced funding for state-sponsored antitobacco media campaigns. If campaigns are associated with reduced smoking, such cuts could result in long-term increases in state health care costs. METHODS: Commercial ratings data on mean audience exposure to antitobacco advertising that appeared on network and cable television across the largest 75 media markets in the United States for 1999 through 2000 were combined with nationally representative survey data from school-based samples of youth in the contiguous 48 states. Multivariate regression models were used to analyze associations between mean exposure to state antitobacco advertising and youth smoking-related beliefs and behaviors, controlling for individual and environmental factors usually associated with youth smoking and other televised tobacco-related advertising. RESULTS: Mean exposure to at least 1 state-sponsored antitobacco advertisement in the past 4 months was associated with lower perceived rates of friends' smoking (odds ratio [OR], 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.58-0.88), greater perceived harm of smoking (OR, 1.25; 95% CI, 1.11-1.42), stronger intentions not to smoke in the future (OR, 1.43; 95% CI, 1.17-1.74), and lower odds of being a smoker (OR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.63-0.88). CONCLUSIONS: To our knowledge, this study is the first to explore the potential impact of state-sponsored antitobacco media campaigns while controlling for other tobacco-related advertising and other tobacco control policies. State-sponsored antitobacco advertising is associated with desired outcomes of greater antitobacco sentiment and reduced smoking among youth. Recent cuts in these campaigns may have future negative health and budgetary consequences.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Children's exposure to magnetic fields produced by U.S. television sets used for viewing programs and playing video games.

Two epidemiologic studies have reported increased risk of childhood leukemia associated with the length of time children watched television (TV) programs or played video games connected to TV sets. To evaluate magnetic field exposures resulting from these activities, the static, ELF, and VLF magnetic fields produced by 72 TV sets used by children to watch TV programs and 34 TV sets used to play video games were characterized in a field study conducted in Washington DC and its Maryland suburbs. The resulting TV-specific magnetic field data were combined with information collected through questionnaires to estimate the magnetic field exposure levels associated with TV watching and video game playing. The geometric means of the ELF and VLF exposure levels so calculated were 0.0091 and 0.0016 microT, respectively, for children watching TV programs and 0.023 and 0.0038 microT, respectively, for children playing video games. Geometric means of ambient ELF and VLF levels with TV sets turned off were 0.10 and 0.0027 microT, respectively. Summed over the ELF frequency range (6-3066 Hz), the exposure levels were small compared to ambient levels. However, in restricted ELF frequency ranges (120 Hz and 606-3066 Hz) and in the VLF band, TV exposure levels were comparable to or larger than normal ambient levels. Even so, the strengths of the 120 Hz or 606-3066 Hz components of TV fields were small relative to the overall ambient levels. Consequently, our results provide little support for a linkage between childhood leukemia and exposure to the ELF magnetic fields produced by TV sets. Our results do suggest that any future research on possible health effects of magnetic fields from television sets might focus on the VLF electric and magnetic fields produced by TV sets because of their enhanced ability relative to ELF fields to induce electric currents.

Adolescent↗