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PubMed1998

Mercury content in amalgam tattoos of human oral mucosa and its relation to local tissue reactions.

Mucosal biopsies from 48 patients with and 9 without amalgam tattoos were analysed with respect to their mercury content, distribution of mercury in the tissue, and histological tissue reactions. The distribution of mercury was assessed by autometallography (AMG), a silver amplification technique. The mercury content was determined by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), a multielemental analysis. Mercury was observed in connective tissue where it was confined to fibroblasts and macrophages, in vessel walls and in structures with the histological character of nerve fibres. A correlation was found between the histopathological tissue reaction, the type of mercury deposition, the intensity of the AMG reaction, and the mercury content. Mercury was also found in patients with amalgam dental fillings but without amalgam tattoos.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Childhood allergic contact dermatitis from henna tattoo.

Henna is a shrub cultivated in India, Sri Lanka, and North Africa; it is used, mixed with other substances, as a hair and body dye. Several cases are reported in the literature of sensitization to para-phenylenediamine (PPD) contained in the henna tincture, but few of these are pediatric cases. We report two instances of allergic contact dermatitis due to temporary tattoos in children. In one case a patch test was positive for PPD. We suggest that the fashion of temporary henna tattoos in children is to be discouraged due to the serious consequences that a sensitization to PPD could have in their future.

Child↗
PubMed2003

[Infections caused by piercing and tattoos--a review].

Piercing, i.e. perforation of skin or mucous membranes in order to attach mostly metallic jewelery as well as multicolored skin tattooing have become more popular than ever before and a considerable number of (young) people practise these methods of body art which are supposed to increase the individuality. But there is a lot of side effects, among them especially infections. The most important bacteria cultivated from such patients are Staphylococcus aureus, group A streptococci and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Viruses which can be transmitted by piercing or tattooing are especially hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus. Besides local bacterial infections also systemic infections (sepsis, endocarditis) occur. The main aspects of diagnostics, therapy and prevention are discussed.

Hepatitis B↗
PubMed2000

Laser treatment of pigmented lesions and tattoos.

Benign pigmented lesions and tattoos are often very responsive to laser treatment. The chromophore in most cases is melanin, although other endogenous and exogenous pigments can be targeted. The chromophore and its distribution in the skin, as well as the underlying biological processes, all help determine the best laser, if any, for a given pigmented lesion. Epidermal lesions respond well to shorter wavelengths (up to 755 nm), whereas for deeper lesions, 694 nm or longer are typically used. The 1,064-nm Nd:YAG laser is best for treating darker skinned individuals. Multicolored tattoos may need several wavelengths to best target individual ink colors.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The use of Munsell colour charts in nipple-areola tattooing.

Tattooing is an excellent, simple and quick option in nipple-areola reconstruction. Colour mismatch is one of the commonest problems with this procedure. Use of Munsell colour charts allows the premixing of common colours for different patient populations using pigments from various manufacturers. There are significant correlations between nipple colour and Fitzpatrick skin type and between nipple colour and parity. Three nipple-areola colours were more common than others and were found in 50% of patients; these can be premixed ready for use. Adjustment of premixed colours for individual patients can be performed prior to tattooing, speeding up the procedure. Accurate recording of colours also facilitates audit.

Color↗
PubMed1999

Endoscopic preoperative colonic tattooing: a clinical and surgical complication.

Endoscopic colonic tattooing is the simplest and most economic technique for identifying small lesions or polypectomy sites during open and laparoscopic surgery. Moreover, it is useful for the endoscopic follow-up of polypectomy sites. India ink is the agent of choice because of its long-lasting stain and the low risk of adverse reaction and toxicity. Very few cases of complications have been reported. We report here the case of a patient in whom colonic tattooing in preparation for surgical resection was followed by clinical complications such as fever and abdominal pain. An abscess-type inflamed pseudotumor was found at laparotomy. Histological examination revealed chronic granulomatous inflammation.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2001

Eyebrow incision using tattoo for anterior fossa lesions: technical case reports.

Some Korean women draw tattoo in their eyebrow to cover the scant hair. If a patient has a tattoo in her eyebrow, lesions of anterior cranial fossa can be easily managed with this small eyebrow skin incision through a small unilateral supraorbital craniotomy. By this technique, 7 cases of anterior cranial fossa lesions were successfully treated without any major complications. This leads to less facial scar, less operation time and an earlier return to social adaptation.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Morphea-like tattoo reaction.

Tattoo reactions are histologically diverse. In general, dermal changes predominate, although epidermal changes such as acanthosis or spongiosis can also be seen. The chronic inflammatory cell infiltrate can be nodular, lichenoid, or granulomatous. Occasionally, the dermal infiltrate may be so dense as to suggest a diagnosis of cutaneous lymphoma. We report an unusual tattoo reaction that mimicked morphea histologically.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Tattooing for the management of white patches.

Although biologically more or less inert, a white patch is a social taboo in India. When a white patch is localized and remains static in spite of conservative treatment, it can be dealt with by tattooing as a camouflage procedure. Inert pigments of skin color match are impregnated into the intradermal plane. The procedure is simpler than melanocyte transfer and serves the purpose of hiding a white patch. In the present study, histology of the tattooed skin was studied to confirm the retention of the pigments into the intradermal plane. The patient remains pain-free in the postoperative period. The procedure does not keep the patient away from work, nor does it require hospitalization or general anaesthesia. It can be dealt with as an office procedure, making it relatively inexpensive.

Humans↗
PubMed1993

Nipple-areola reconstruction with intradermal tattoo and double-opposing pennant flaps.

Reconstruction of the nipple-areolar complex is an important part of postmastectomy breast reconstruction. Intradermal tattooing is effective for creating areolar pigmentation and is simpler than skin grafting. However, a simple method for the construction of a normal nipple using local tissues remains a challenge. Several techniques achieve long-term nipple projection but at the expense of complicated flap design, multidirectional scars, and often a need for skin grafting to obtain a uniform-appearing areola. Our one-stage method of nipple-areola reconstruction uses intradermal tattooing for pigmentation and double-opposing pennant flaps for nipple reconstruction. The entire procedure is simple and fast, routinely performed in < 30 minutes under local anaesthesia in the office. From September 1989 to March 1992 we performed 102 reconstructions. The method produces a realistic appearing nipple. We have had no flap necrosis.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Successful elimination of traumatic tattoos by the Q-switched alexandrite (755-nm) laser.

Traumatic tattoos are very difficult to eradicate because of the resultant deep penetration of foreign body particles. Previous treatments, such as surgical excision and dermabrasion, commonly resulted in incomplete removal or significant scarring or both. Three patients with traumatic tattoos were treated with the Q-switched alexandrite laser (755 nm), with complete lesional resolution observed after one to four treatments. No adverse sequelae, such as scarring or pigmentary alteration, were noted in the laser-irradiated skin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Traumatic tattooing: treatment with the Q-switched ruby laser: a case study.

This case report details the successful treatment of extensive, facial traumatic tattooing in an adult male. The Q-switched ruby laser was utilized. It is demonstrated to be an excellent tool for the treatment of traumatic tattooing. The results achieved are superior to other methods and complications reported with other treatment options are minimized.

Facial Injuries↗
PubMed1994

Corneal tattooing to reduce glare in cases of traumatic iris loss.

The traumatic loss of iris is often associated with symptoms of glare, which can be debilitating. This symptom may be benefitted by wearing a contact lens with a clear, central optical zone and opacification of the remainder. The patient who is contact lens-intolerant may be helped by tattooing of all of the cornea except the central visual axis. Four patients who had traumatic iris loss and who were treated by this technique reported reduced glare as well as improvement in the cosmetic appearance of the eye. Although corneal tattooing is an ancient procedure, it continues to be of benefit for selected patients.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

The postmortem sociomedical interview: uncertainty in confirming infectious disease risks of young tattooed donors.

PURPOSE: To assess the reproducibility of relatives' replies to questions asked at the time of corneal donation and again 2 months later concerning infectious disease risk factors and to identify characteristics associated with inconsistent responses. METHODS: A reinterview study involving individuals who answered questions regarding an eye donor's sociomedical history within 1 day of the decedent's death and who consented to be recontacted 6 to 12 weeks later. The main outcome measures were frequency of answering differently on the same questions of infectious disease risk factors and the donors' and relatives' characteristics that predicted inconsistency. RESULTS: Of 368 individuals who agreed to a reinterview, 263 (71.5%) completed and returned the survey questionnaire. Thirty-eight (14.4%) respondents answered differently on at least one question concerning infectious disease risk factors. The family of donors with a trauma-related death was 2.9 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0-8.3] times more likely to give inconsistent responses. Different responses to behavioral questions occurred 22 (95% CI, 1.6-315) times more often by relatives of donors who were both younger than 40 years old and had a tattoo. CONCLUSION: The postmortem sociomedical interview cannot assure complete knowledge of the risk of potentially transmissible disease of all donors. Relatives of young, tattooed donors tend to give inconsistent responses about infectious disease risk factors.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Traumatic tattooing.

Traumatic tattoos may be classified into abrasive and explosive types. The abrasive form leaves the pigment deposit in the more superficial layers of the skin. Explosive forms of traumatic tattooing usually have a central focus of deeply embedded detritus with more superficially placed particles radiating from the central focus. In either form, the best results are achieved by immediate meticulous care of the wound. Many instruments and abrasive devices have been used to remove the embedded pigmented debris, yet the stimplest and most successful is the sterile, hard, natural-bristle toothbrush. This can easily be sterilized, packaged, and kept available in the emergency room and in the operating room.

Foreign Bodies↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Nipple-areola tattooing as part of breast reconstruction.

Tattooing of the nipple-areola complex has become standard procedure in reconstruction following a mastectomy. It is generally performed as the final stage of breast reconstruction. We began performing the procedure in 1991 and have treated more than 1,000 patients. The purpose of this article is to report on updated techniques since nipple-areola tattooing was first performed.

Female↗
PubMed1991

Selective photothermolysis and removal of cutaneous vasculopathies and tattoos by pulsed laser.

The evolution of the laser as a medical device has been a process of continued improvement. Research into increasing our understanding of the optical characteristics of skin has made it possible to concentrate not on the effects of any particular laser system, but on basic biologic and physical principles of laser-tissue interaction. The lasers available in the 1960s and 1970s offered few possibilities for modification. However, modern technology allows us to manipulate the physical characteristics of lasers and design them for specific therapeutic purposes. Selective photothermolysis relies on chromophore-specific absorption of a brief pulse of light to generate and confine heat to certain targets within the skin without nonspecific thermal damage to adjacent structures. Thermally mediated target alterations can be confined from the level of large multicellular tissue structures (e.g., blood vessels) to individual microscopic pigmented structures (e.g., tattoo pigment granules). The purpose of this report is to describe the current progress being made and to summarize the present theories for achieving increasing selective removal, without scarring or other skin textural changes, of cutaneous vasculopathies and tattoo pigment by pulsed laser.

Adult↗