Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Socialization”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

American Indian cancer survivors: exploring social network topology and perceived social supports.

BACKGROUND: The literature on social networks and social supports attests to the powerful influence of social relationships on health; there is a dearth of such studies with American Indians/Alaska Natives. METHOD: This exploratory study assesses the social network topology and perceived social supports received among American Indian cancer survivors and matched controls. RESULTS: Although there did not appear to be marked differences overall among cases and controls, expressive social supports (eg, companionship, moral support, encouragement, advice, and friendship) were ranked highly across each component of the network. CONCLUSIONS: The family appears to be the principal source of social supports relative to either best/closest friend or church/community.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

Principles of social systems structure and social interaction: an application to the health planning process.

The purpose of this article was to explore how applications of principles of social structure and social interaction may enhance health program planning. Theoretical aspects of social structure and social interaction and their relationships to planning were discussed. Potential problems in health planning as a result of not considering social system structure and interaction within a system were discussed. It was concluded that the health educator could benefit by applying principles of social structure and social interaction in health planning. Practical applications to the health planning process were postulated.

Health Planning Organizations↗
PubMed2001

Social stories, written text cues, and video feedback: effects on social communication of children with autism.

This study investigated the effects of written text and pictorial cuing with supplemental video feedback on the social communication of 5 students with autism and social deficits. Two peers without disabilities participated as social partners with each child with autism to form five triads. Treatment was implemented twice per week and consisted of 10 min of systematic instruction using visual stimuli, 10 min of social interaction, and 10 min of self-evaluation using video feedback. Results showed increases in targeted social communication skills when the treatment was implemented. Some generalized treatment effects were observed across untrained social behaviors, and 1 participant generalized improvements within the classroom. In addition, naive judges reported perceived improvements in the quality of reciprocal interactions. These findings support recommendations for using visually cued instruction to guide the social language development of young children with autism as they interact with peers without disabilities.

Autistic Disorder↗
PubMed2000

Development, reliability and acceptability of a new version of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS) to assess routine social functioning.

OBJECTIVE: Development of a scale to assess patients' social functioning, the Personal and Social Performance scale (PSP). METHOD: PSP has been developed through focus groups and reliability studies on the basis of the social functioning component of the DSM-IV Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS). The last reliability study was carried out by 39 workers with different professional roles on a sample of 61 psychiatric patients admitted to the rehabilitation unit. Each patient was rated independently on the scale by the two workers who knew them best. RESULTS: The PSP is a 100-point single-item rating scale, subdivided into 10 equal intervals. The ratings are based mainly on the assessment of patient's functioning in four main areas: 1) socially useful activities; 2) personal and social relationships; 3) self-care; and 4) disturbing and aggressive behaviours. Operational criteria to rate the levels of disabilities have been defined for the above-mentioned areas. Excellent inter-rater reliability was also obtained in less educated workers. CONCLUSION: Compared to SOFAS, PSP has better face validity and psychometric properties. It was found to be an acceptable, quick and valid measure of patients' personal and social functioning.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

[Social vulnerability, social isolation of chronic psychiatric patients].

Social vulnerability and social isolation as to different, light and severe grades of chronically ill psychiatric patients were evaluated. A social vulnerability index, composed out of marital status, income, health, living conditions, occupation, and risk factors in childhood was used. The vulnerability of 64 severely chronically ill patients and of 84 chronically ill patients was assessed. According to their vulnerability, the patients were divided into a group of highly vulnerable and a group of less vulnerable patients. The social isolation of the two groups (severely chronically und chronically ill patients) was compared and assessed. We used objective criteria (such as living alone, no friends, no contact to family members) and subjective criteria (feeling isolated). Social Vulnerability and social isolation are higher in severely chronically ill patients compared to chronically ill patients. The severely sick group is significantly more affected by objective and/or by subjective isolation than the less sick group. In both groups patients have more difficulties in social relationships than non-isolated patients. There is no significant correlation between objective isolation and subjective isolation.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Specialist community social services as a form of community social support].

Art. 9 of the Polish Mental Health Act provides two forms of community-based social support--specialist social help services and community self-help houses for persons who, due a to serious mental illness or severe mental retardation, face considerable difficulties in their daily life, especially with respect to interpersonal relations, employment and welfare matters. The first form could only be implemented after coming into force of the suitable regulation of the Ministry of Labour and Social Policy of December 18, 1996 (Dz. U. z 1997 r., nr. 2, poz. 12). Hence, it may be understood that information on these services is exceptionally scarce. The author presents: a draft of legal evolution of the specialist services, from the vague idea of "community care" provided by psychiatric care facilities to the present regulation of community specialist social help services run by social help agencies in consultation with psychiatric facilities, main guidelines for staff to be observed in performing community specialist social help services (training in maintenance and development of basic skills necessary to independent living and others), the first promising experiences of a team rendering community specialist social help services in one of the communes in Warsaw.

Community Mental Health Services↗
PubMed1993

Social goals: relationship to adolescent adjustment and to social problem solving.

Examined the relations between adolescent boys' social goals of dominance, revenge, avoidance, and affiliation and (1) self-reported negative adolescent outcomes; (2) subjective sense of self-esteem; and (3) externalizing, internalizing, and prosocial behaviors, as rated by peers and teachers. Results indicated that social goal values were related to diverse aspects of self-, teacher-, and peer-reported social and behavioral functioning, with a consistent association found between a range of delinquent, substance-using, and behavioral difficulties, and endorsement of high goal values for dominance and revenge and low goal values for affiliation. Results also indicated that teacher-identified aggressive boys differed from nonaggressive boys in the value they placed on social goals, with aggressive boys placing a higher value on goals of dominance and revenge, and lower value on goals for affiliation. Finally social goal choice had a clear relation to the social problem-solving differences of aggressive and nonaggressive boys.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Professional socialization and social control: from medical students to general practitioners.

Most American research considers the assimilation of the norms and values of a given profession to be the most important way in which that profession controls the socialization of its future members. This view of social control is based on a problematic pattern of socialization. Using the results of a research into the socialization of general practitioners, a different approach to this problem of social control is suggested that takes into account the specific manner of integration into the university-hospital structures and the ways in which future doctors gain access to the professional world. The hospital with its scientific logic is thus the chief instrument of social control, even though this control is limited by the very nature of the hospital: hospital training only partly controls the application of this scientific knowledge by general practitioners.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed2006

Social incompetence in children with ADHD: possible moderators and mediators in social-skills training.

Children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) often encounter problems in social interactions with peers and are confronted with peer rejection and social isolation. The most common approach to social problems in children is social skills training. This intervention concept represents a variable mixture of cognitive-behavioral intervention elements. In this article the outcome of social skills training (SST) for children with ADHD is reviewed. Four experimental SSTs are detected and analyzed for potential mediators and moderators of treatment efficacy. Candidate mediators (social cognitive skills, parenting style and medication-induced reduction of key symptoms) are discussed within an empirical and theoretical context. Candidate moderators (subtype, comorbidity, gender and age) are evaluated for their empirical support. It is argued that, although fragmented, there is ample evidence and knowledge to adapt the SST-paradigm towards the specific needs of children suffering from ADHD and to guide future research towards more effective, "well established" interventions.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1990

Quality of social support and associated social and psychological functioning in women with rheumatoid arthritis.

Using a cross-sectional interview study of 194 women with rheumatoid arthritis, investigated the relationship between health status, social integration, qualitative aspects of social support, and social and psychological functioning in the presence of a chronic, disabling disease. Even after controlling for the influences of current physical limitations and social integration, qualitative dimensions of social support as measured by the Quality of Social Support Scale, a scale developed for this study, explained a significant proportion of the variance in home and family functioning and in depression.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2004

Early social attention impairments in autism: social orienting, joint attention, and attention to distress.

This study investigated social attention impairments in autism (social orienting, joint attention, and attention to another's distress) and their relations to language ability. Three- to four-year-old children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD; n = 72), 3- to 4-year-old developmentally delayed children (n = 34), and 12- to 46-month-old typically developing children (n = 39), matched on mental age, were compared on measures of social orienting, joint attention, and attention to another's distress. Children with autism performed significantly worse than the comparison groups in all of these domains. Combined impairments in joint attention and social orienting were found to best distinguish young children with ASD from those without ASD. Structural equation modeling indicated that joint attention was the best predictor of concurrent language ability. Social orienting and attention to distress were indirectly related to language through their relations with joint attention. These results help to clarify the nature of social attention impairments in autism, offer clues to developmental mechanisms, and suggest targets for early intervention.

Attention↗
PubMed1998

Physical disability and social interaction: factors associated with low social contact and home confinement in disabled older women (The Women's Health and Aging Study).

OBJECTIVES: This study examines the association of disability and social interaction, measured as in-person contact with non-household members and home confinement, and identifies sociodemographic, socioeconomic, and health-related factors that modify this relationship. METHODS: Participants were 1,002 moderately to severely disabled community-dwelling women aged 65 and older from the Women's Health and Aging Study, identified by screening an age-stratified random sample of Medicare beneficiaries in Baltimore, Maryland. Logistic regression models were used to estimate the odds of low social interaction associated with disability and each independent modifier. RESULTS: In a typical week, 23% did not visit with anyone residing outside their households and 17% did not leave their homes. In addition to and independent of disability level, older age, not completing high school, having a driver in the home, hearing difficulties and incontinence were associated with low social contact; older age and African American race were related to home confinement. African American women living alone are especially vulnerable to home confinement. DISCUSSION: Physical disability is not necessarily socially disabling, as many of the most severely disabled in our study had at least daily social interaction. Improvements in social interaction appear possible through more effective management of certain health conditions and attention to potential sociocultural barriers.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed2005

Poverty and experiences of social devaluation: a qualitative interview study of 25 long-standing recipients of social security payments.

The purpose of this study is to explore experiences of social devaluation among people living in poverty. Twenty-five long-standing recipients of social security payments living in a city in Norway were interviewed. Most felt that people in their environment held low opinions of them regarding issues related to personality and moral integrity. Several factors play a role in the formation of such beliefs or assumptions: (a) impressions of prevailing views of the social category "the poor" and observations concerning devaluation of that category; (b) knowledge others are assumed to possess of the respondents' financial predicament; (c) perception of own social situation; (d) undesired behavior that signals low social status and low esteem; (e) actions by others that signal devaluation. Social devaluation is also experienced at the affective level: the sense of shame and guilt is widespread.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Competitive allies: rural nurses' and social workers' perceptions of the social work role in the hospital setting.

The domain of social work in healthcare has not been clear, nor exclusive. Recently the social worker's role in hospital, particularly in rural hospitals, has been impacted by economic imperatives and legislative mandates. This article discusses the results of a study of rural hospital nurses' and social workers' perceptions of the domain of the medical social worker. Analyses of the profession identified as being best qualified to perform 15 generic hospital social service tasks revealed areas of clarity and collaboration. Implications include expanding the role and skills of medical social workers to include multi-systemic interventions and multi-disciplinary collaboration.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

[Relevance of the duration of depression for the social network and social support].

The lack of supportive social ties seems to play an important role in the etiology and maintenance of depression. As a review of related studies shows two important facts have almost been neglected: On the one hand the assessment of social resources are affected by depressive distortion of perception, on the other hand a longer lasting depression is likely to have a special impact on social network and social support. The following study shows distinct differences between individuals with primary (E; n = 25) and longer-lasting depression (L; n = 25) and controls (KG; n = 25) in the size but in the structure of their social network and social support, too. Besides, the elimination of the distortion of the data for the depressive bias was aspired.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Rehabilitation of socially withdrawn preschool children through mixed-age and same-age socialization.

24 socially withdrawn preschool children were located through classroom observations and assigned to 3 conditions: (a) socialization with a younger child during 10 play sessions, (b) socialization with an age mate during a similar series of sessions, and (c) no treatment. The socialization sessions, particularly those with a younger partner, were found to increase the sociability of the withdrawn children in their classrooms. Significant increases occurred mainly in the rate with which positive social reinforcement was emitted. Generally, the results support a leadership deficit theory of social isolation. Possible mechanisms responsible for the observed changes are discussed.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1984

[Social control and social support in conditions of community psychiatric care].

Social control and social support are important aspects of psychiatric care. Modern psychiatric care in an area close to the residential quarters of patients requires attentive and self-critical observation, especially of the subtle forms of social control. The concepts of social control and social support are explained; basing on own investigations by the authors, as well as on own experiences and literature, some aspects of social support of schizophrenics and alcoholics are described from the viewpoint of local care.

Affective Disorders, Psychotic↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Successful Aging and social relations: selection and compensation in social contact behavior].

The model of selective optimization with compensation (Baltes & Baltes 1989; 1990) offers a theoretical concept of successful aging, that aims at the adaptivity of older persons in the aging process. The present study proposes an empirical operationalization of the model within the domain of social contact behavior, and relates this to self-referent knowledge on daily activities. Older persons with multiple chronic diseases and those in generally good health are compared according to their self-referent knowledge on daily activities and social contact behavior. All participants in the study were socially integrated and well functioning. A total of 35 subjects (mean age = 74.4 years) kept a prestructured dairy about their social contacts for a period of six days. Knowledge on daily activities was assessed in a semi-structured interview. The interviews and diaries were content analyzed (inter-rater reliability estimated via Cohen's Kappa for the interview: M = 0.84; for the diaries: M = 0.93). Results show that the highly social integrated subjects with multiple chronic disease performed significantly better in selective and compensatory strategies than the subjects in good health. Selection was indicated by (a) less family contact and a smaller number of group encounters, (b) more emotional support exchange, and (c) more knowledge on maintenance of daily activities. Compensation was indicated by (d) more frequent use of the telephone and (e) greater knowledge of prosthetic resources. It is concluded that social integration and participation can be optimized through selective and compensatory strategies in the face of chronic diseases in old age.

Activities of Daily Living↗