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PubMed1989

[Studies on the relation between glucose metabolism and c-AMP formation in dental pulps in the presence of inflammatory chemical mediators in vitro].

The relationship between glucose metabolism and cyclic-AMP production in dental pulp in the presence of chemical mediators was investigated in vitro. It is generally accepted that oxidation of glucose-6-14C is indicative of metabolism by the glycolytic pathway whereas that of glucose-1-14C occurs by the hexose monophosphate shunt. The 14CO2 productions from both routes were compared in dental pulp from cattle and rats in the presence of each of several chemical mediators: bradykinin (1.7-3.3 micrograms/ml), prostaglandin E1 (0.3 micrograms/ml), prostaglandin E2 (0.3 micrograms/ml), histamine (33 micrograms/ml), and 5-hydroxytryptamine (33 micrograms/ml). The effects of dental filling materials on glucose oxidation, and cyclic-AMP production by chemical mediators in pulp tissues were also investigated. The results obtained were as follows: 1) Glucose oxidation in dental pulp was stimulated by chemical mediators generally by way of the Embden-Meyerhof Parnas pathway, and was further stimulated by the medium containing bradykinin. However, it was depressed in the presence of higher concentrations of chemical mediators, especially depressed in the HMS pathway. 2) The oxidation ratio of glucose-1-14C to glucose-6-14C (G1/G6) in dental pulp was 4 to 8 in the cattle and 0.6 in the rat, showing clear differences in glucose oxidation between the two animals. 3) Moreover, glucose oxidation in rat dental pulp was 60 to 80 times higher in the EMP pathway and 5 to 10 times higher in the HMS pathway than those in the cattle. 4) Dental filling materials such as silicate cement, zinc phosphate cement, calcium hydroxide, and eugenol cement severely depressed glucose-6-14C oxidation in bovine dental pulp when used at high concentrations, but not at low concentrations. 5) The chemical mediators tested in this experiment (PGE1, PGE2, histamine, 5-HT, bradykinin, and substance P) stimulated cyclic AMP production in rat dental pulp. The production was highest with PGE1 and PGE2. The cyclic AMP production was further stimulated by addition of histamine or 5-HT to the medium containing PGE1 or PGE2.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

"Celebration of the smile".

April is Dental Health Month--a month especially set aside to alert Canadians that Dental Health is indeed a major ingredient of the total quality of life. This year, the campaign's primary focus will not be mastication, function, freedom from disease or pain, but "Celebration of the Smile." A Smile is infectious, it's contagious, and one of the world's greatest bargains. The returns are immeasurable. When truly genuine and freely given, the Smile elicits almost instant trust and friendship. No frown can ever do that! And it takes so very little effort and energy. We are not sure what anatomist conducted the research but it is reported that three times more muscles are required to frown than to Smile! Dentists everywhere can take much pride in their contribution to enhancing one of Nature's most precious commodities--the Smile. What a long road it has been from the primitive attempts of just a hundred years ago when alleviating pain was the priority and any crude attempt to enhance appearance was secondary. Only 25 years ago silicate cement was often the only material available for anterior teeth. Far, far too many beautiful Smiles were marred with dark halos around poor fillings and recurrent decay. Missing teeth were commonplace; there were gaps, spaces and "flipper dentures." It's hard to believe how rapidly we have advanced in so short a time. Taken for granted today are caries-free mouths, composite filling materials that defy detection, bonded porcelain veneers and fixed prostheses that can even improve where Nature has "faltered."(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Canada↗
PubMed1978

[Report on the capsule dosage and mixing system. 3. Suitability testing from a technological and clinical point of view].

The results from experiments with composite filling materials, silicate cements, stone cements, polyacrylate cements, EBA cements and amalgam testify to the suitability of a mixing apparatus already presented (cf. Par II). Apart from industrial predosed products, well known multicomponent materials prepared until now manually, among which Evicrol, were mixed mechanically.

Acrylates↗
PubMed1988

X-ray microanalysis of dentin: a review.

The aim of this review was to present a condensed summary of the literature on X-ray microanalysis of dentin, including both energy-dispersive (EDS) and wavelength-dispersive (WDS) analysis. Estimations of concentrations by XMA of dentin should be regarded as semiquantitative values. The Ca level in rat odontoblasts was elevated in the secreting end of the cell body. In predentin Ca accumulated at a concentration of 2% that of mineralized dentin. In coronal dentin the peritubular areas were hypermineralized (Ca, P, Mg). Primary caries lesions showed a decrease of Ca, P, Mg and Cl, and usually an increase of S and Zn. The mineralized surface often present contained especially high concentrations of F and K. Considerable uptake of various ions in cavity walls exposed to filling materials was assessed: from silver amalgam, Zn and Sn, from silicate cement and glassionomer cement F, Al and Zn, and from zinc oxide-eugenol cement, Zn. The highest F concentrations following topical application were found with solutions of TiF4 and with the varnishes Duraphat and Fluor Protector. Dentin wall lesions adjacent to amalgam fillings exhibited considerably reduced Ca and P values, but concomitantly considerable amounts of Zn and Sn, that explained the increased radiopacity seen in some microradiographs.

Dental Caries↗
PubMed1985

Rationale for designing cavity preparations.

Increased resistance to caries, increased dental awareness, superior diagnostic capabilities, better illumination, optical aids that significantly enhance vision, improved and standardized materials for restoration, and a deeper understanding of the caries process enable a far more conservative approach to tooth preparation. The dentist can concentrate on preserving as much sound tooth structure as possible with less attention being devoted to resistance and retention form that previously demanded in bulk restorations and massive channels and locks that are no longer appropriate. Although caries inhibitory effects have been shown with materials such as silicate cement, glass ionomers, and resins that leach fluoride, in general, dentists should not rely on restorative materials to inhibit the development of future decay. Characteristics of the carious lesion are unique for each tooth according to many factors centering around the plaque pattern for that tooth and not according to zones of natural susceptibility or immunity strictly dictated by morphology. Therefore, no single cavity preparation duplicated from a textbook is likely to be satisfactory for an individual tooth. Furthermore, novices learning the subject of cavity preparation often leave decalcified enamel when they attempt to replicate under clinical conditions that which they have learned in technique courses. This is the major invitation to future caries reappearing adjacent to restorations. Also, failure to duplicate the exact morphology of the tooth surface that has been replaced is likely to alter the pattern of plaque accumulation and create other caries prone areas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Composite Resins↗