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Results for “SHOULDER JOINT”

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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Modifiability of abnormal isometric elbow and shoulder joint torque coupling after stroke.

Unlike individuals with mild stroke, individuals with severe stroke are constrained to stereotypical movement patterns attributed to abnormal coupling of shoulder abductors with elbow flexors, and shoulder adductors with elbow extensors. Whether abnormal muscle coactivation and associated joint torque patterns can be changed in this population is important to determine given that it bears on the development of effective rehabilitation interventions. Eight subjects participated in a protocol that was designed to reduce abnormal elbow/shoulder joint torque coupling by training them to generate combinations of isometric elbow and shoulder joint torques away from the constraining patterns. After training, subjects demonstrated a significant reduction in abnormal torque coupling and a subsequent significant increase in ability to generate torque patterns away from the abnormal pattern. We suggest the rapid time-course of these changes reflects a residual capacity of the central nervous system to adapt to a novel behavioral training environment.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Frequent injuries of the shoulder joint].

This article tries to identify the most frequent osseous lesions in the shoulder complex found in the all day routine of a trauma center or trauma unit. It discusses the clinical diagnosis, the most typical radiological findings and the current concepts of treatment. This report is designed mainly to help the general practitioner outside the hospital community.

Brachial Plexus↗
PubMed2001

[MRI in dislocation and instability of the shoulder joint].

The value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in shoulder instability depends on its ability to demonstrate pathologic lesions within the joint. Traumatic dislocation in particular often results in capsulo-labral-avulsion, stretching of the joint capsule and impression fracture at the humeral head. Various MR weightings, including spin echo and gradient echo, are useful at the shoulder. A surface coil should be used. Image planes are oriented at the scapula. A capsulo-labral-avulsion can not be reliably demonstrated on non-contrast imaging in the absence of intra-articular effusion. With indirect arthrography, gadolinium is intravenously injected and enhances the articular space. With direct arthrography, gadolinium or saline are injected into the joint, optimising the demonstration of labral lesions. In grade I lesions, fluid enters the lesion without deformation or detachment of the labrum. In grade II lesions, the labrum is of abnormal size or shape, but still attached to the glenoid. In grade III lesions, the labrum is completely detached. Sensitivity of magnetic resonance arthrography for labral lesions is 90% and specificity is 95%. Impression fractures at the humeral head are well demonstrated but avulsion fractures at the glenoid are not. Lesions at the joint capsule cannot be seen. Decisions relating to shoulder instability are primarily based on patient history and physical examination. MRI adds valuable information, particular in unclear clinical settings.

Acute Disease↗