SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “SENSATION”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

SourceResearch connectionFrom yearThrough year

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources

PubMed1995

Expiratory muscle training and sensation of respiratory effort during exercise in normal subjects.

BACKGROUND: The sensation of respiratory effort may increase as expiratory muscles become fatigued during expiratory loading. A study was performed to determine whether expiratory muscle training (EMT) affects the sensation of respiratory effort during exercise in healthy subjects. METHODS: Six subjects performed EMT for 15 minutes twice daily for four weeks using a pressure threshold device; another six subjects served as a control group. The expiratory threshold was set at 30% of the individual's maximum expiratory mouth pressure (PEmax). The sensation of respiratory effort was evaluated during a progressive exercise test using the Borg scale. RESULTS: After EMT PEmax increased by 25% in the training group. The Borg score increased as exercise grade increased before and after EMT, but scores for each grade were lower after EMT. Minute ventilation during exercise decreased after EMT, as did the breathing frequency during exercise, while the expiratory time increased. Although there was no difference in the relationship between Borg score and minute ventilation before or after EMT, the curve shifted to a lower Borg score after EMT. There were no changes in PEmax, Borg score, minute ventilation, or breathing pattern after the four week study period in the control group. CONCLUSION: These findings suggest that EMT increases expiratory muscle strength and reduces the sensation of respiratory effort during exercise, presumably by reducing minute ventilation.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed1987

Effect of thoracoabdominal breathing patterns on inspiratory effort sensation.

The respiratory sensations evoked by added inspiratory loads are currently thought to be largely mediated by the activity of the inspiratory muscles. Because of the differences in proprioceptors and in afferent and efferent innervations among the inspiratory muscles, we hypothesized that the sensation evoked by a given load would be different when the motor command is directed mainly to rib cage muscles or mainly to the diaphragm. To test this hypothesis, we studied six normal subjects breathing against several inspiratory resistances while emphasizing the use of rib cage muscles, or the diaphragm, or a combination of both. At the end of 10 loaded breaths the subjects rated the perceived magnitude of inspiratory effort on a Borg scale. A linear and unique relationship (r = 0.96 +/- 0.02; P less than 0.001) was found between the sensation and esophageal pressure (Pes) in the three thoracoabdominal breathing patterns. We conclude that the level of Pes, whether generated mainly by the rib cage muscles or the diaphragm, is the main variable related to the sensation of inspiratory effort under external inspiratory loads.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1991

Effects of changes in inspiratory muscle strength on the sensation of respiratory force.

The sensation of respiratory muscle force was compared in seven normal subjects before and after inspiratory muscle strength training. Subjects performed 20 sustained maximal inspiratory maneuvers daily for 6-18 wk. Maximal inspiratory pressures (MIP) increased from 124 +/- 10 to 187 +/- 9 (SE) cmH2O (P less than 0.005). Exponents of the power function relationships between mouth pressure (Pm) and the intensity of the sensation of force, corrected for inspiratory duration, during magnitude scaling of resistive and elastic ventilatory loads were the same before and after training (P greater than 0.05). However, absolute sensation intensity (S) during resistive and elastic loading was reduced significantly after strength training but returned toward baseline levels greater than or equal to 8 wk after the cessation of training when the MIP had fallen to 150 +/- 5 cmH2O. The absolute S at a given Pm during ventilatory loading changed inversely with changes in MIP (P less than 0.001). Furthermore the relationship between absolute S and Pm expressed as a proportion of the MIP (Pm/MIP) was constant over testing periods. These results suggest that the sensation of respiratory muscle force reflects the proportion of the maximum force utilized in breathing and may be based on the level of respiratory motor command signals.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Recent developments in an animal model of visual evoked potential augmenting/reducing and sensation seeking behavior.

The early research on an animal (cat) model and biological marker (visual evoked potential augmenting and reducing) of sensation seeking behavior is briefly described. Recent findings with selectively bred lines of rats show that (1) the relationship between sensation seeking behavior and augmenting vs. reducing is also present in the rat; (2) augmenting and reducing is a cortical, not a subcortical, phenomenon, and (3) augmenting/reducing and related sensation seeking behaviors are heritable traits. This paper also discusses evidence for the relative contributions of genetic and environmental factors in determining the sensation seeking trait.

Animals↗

PubMed1996

Effects of willful ventilatory control on respiratory sensation during hypercapnia.

Remarkable augmentation of breathing discomfort has been noted when ventilation is constrained to the steady state level during progressive hypercapnia. However, the effect of willful enhancement of ventilation on breathing discomfort remains to be evaluated. The present study examined the effects of moderate willful increases or decreases in ventilation during progressive hypercapnia on breathing discomfort in 12 subjects. There were a total of 5 rebreathing trials. In the first (F1) and the fifth trials the subjects rebreathed freely. In the other trials subjects breathed by tracking a target to achieve hypercapnic ventilatory responses that were the same (HCVR-S), 25% higher (HCVR-H) and 25% lower (HCVR-L) than in the F1 trial. Breathing discomfort was assessed every 30 s by a 150-mm visual analog scale (VAS). The sensational response (dVAS/dPCO2) during HCVR-S [3.8 +/- (SE) 0.8 mm/Torr] was significantly smaller (p < 0.01) than that during the F1 (6.3 +/- 0.8 mm/Torr) trial. HCVR-H resulted in a further decrease in dVAS/dPCO2 to 3.1 +/- 0.7 mm/Torr as compared to HCVR-S (p < 0.05). HCVR-L significantly increased dVAS/dPCO2 to 4.9 +/- 0.7 mm/Torr compared to HCVR-S (p < 0.05). The final free rebreathing ventilatory response was significantly larger than the initial free rebreathing response (2.7 +/- 0.5 as compared to 2.1 +/- 0.4 liters/min/Torr, p < 0.01). However, the sensational response did not change (6.3 +/- 0.8 vs. 5.8 +/- 0.7 mm/Torr). These rebreathing studies indicate that willful control of respiration decreases respiratory sensation even at comparable levels of ventilation. In particular, moderate willful increases in ventilation produce an ameliorating effect on the sensation of breathing discomfort.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Respiratory sensation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Previous work has demonstrated that the perception of added resistive loads is blunted in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It is not clear, however, whether this is due to reduced levels of respiratory muscle force during loaded breathing or to a specific abnormality in respiratory sensation. In the present study, the psychophysical technique of magnitude scaling was used to evaluate the sensation of external resistive and elastic ventilatory loads as well as the perception of inspired volume and inspiratory muscle force in 14 patients with COPD and in 12 normal subjects of similar age. The exponents of the power function relationships between load magnitude and sensation intensity for both resistive and elastic loads were significantly reduced in the patients with COPD compared with those in the normal subjects. While breathing against any given ventilatory load, the peak inspiratory mouth pressure and inspiratory duration were comparable in the 2 groups. Thus, the exponents of the power function relationships between peak inspiratory mouth pressure and sensation intensity were significantly lower in the patients with COPD (0.92 +/- SE 0.17 and 0.96 +/- SE 0.17 for resistive and elastic loads, respectively) compared with those obtained in the normal subjects (1.47 +/- SE 0.12 for resistive loads and 1.52 +/- SE 0.17 for elastic loads) (p less than 0.05). In contrast, the perception of inspired volume and of respiratory muscle force during static inspiratory maneuvers as determined by magnitude estimation and production were no different in either group.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗

PubMed2001

Factorial structure of the Sensation-Seeking Scale-Form V: confirmatory factorial analyses in nonclinical and clinical samples.

OBJECTIVE: The factor structure of the Sensation-Seeking Scale (SSS)-Form V was studied in 2 large French samples, using confirmatory factorial analyses (CFA) to test the 4-dimensional model of sensation seeking postulated by Zuckerman. METHOD: The study included 769 healthy subjects and 659 patients who met the DSM-IV criteria for substance use disorders or eating disorders and completed the SSS. The correlation matrices for each of the samples were analyzed using CFA. RESULTS: In each sample, we found the 4-factor model to be replicable. CONCLUSION: The multidimensionality of sensation seeking is supported by the results, and the 4-dimensional model of sensation seeking identified by Zuckerman can be explored in French-speaking people.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Ventilatory responses and subjective sensations during arm exercise and hypercapnia in patients with lower-cervical and upper-thoracic spinal cord injuries.

We measured the ventilatory responses and subjective sensations during arm exercise in patients with lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord injuries in order to evaluate the effects of chest wall deafferentation on these responses. Visual analog scales with verbal descriptors were used to quantify respiratory sensations of different affectional qualities. Patients as well as normal subjects reported stronger respiratory sensations upon CO2 rebreathing as compared to during arm exercise with an equivalent minute ventilation (p<0.05). There were no qualitative nor quantitative differences in the respiratory sensations during CO2 rebreathing between the patients and normal subjects. However, patients with spinal cord injuries showed a higher minute ventilation and a lower end-tidal PCO2 during incremental arm exercises (p<0.01), and thus tended to hyperventilate. We conclude that chest wall afferent denervation does not contribute significantly to the perception of breathlessness in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Patterns of quantitative sensation testing of hypoesthesia and hyperalgesia are predictive of diabetic polyneuropathy: a study of three cohorts. Nerve growth factor study group.

OBJECTIVE: To test quantitative sensation testing (QST) patterns of hypoesthesia and hyperalgesia as indicators of diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) and its severity RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used Computer-Assisted Sensory Examination IV; characterized the QST results of the foot of each patient in three diabetic cohorts (approximately 1,500 patients) as hyperesthetic (< or = 2.5th percentile), low-normal (2.5th-50th percentiles), high-normal (50th-97.5th percentiles), or hypoesthetic (> or = 97.5th percentile); and tested associations with symptoms, impairments, and test abnormalities. RESULTS: Overall neuropathic impairment was most severe in the pancreas-renal transplant and nerve growth factor cohorts, but it was much less severe in the population-based Rochester Diabetic Neuropathy Study (RDNS) cohort. The frequency distribution of sensory abnormalities mirrored this difference. When the QST spectra of diabetic cohorts were compared with those of the control subject cohort for vibration and cooling sensations, the only abnormality observed was hypoesthesia, which was expressed as an increased number of subjects with values at or above the 97.5th percentile or by an increased percentage of cases with high-normal values. Symptoms and impairments of DPN were significantly more frequent in the subjects with values at or above the 97.5th percentile than in the subjects whose values were between the 50th and 97.5th percentiles. For heat pain (HP) sensation thresholds (intermediate pain severity [HP:5], pain threshold [HP:0.5], and pain-stimulus response slope [HP:5-0.5]), an increased frequency of both hypoalgesia and hyperalgesia was observed (especially in the RDNS cohort). Steeper pain-stimulus response slopes were significantly associated with sensory symptoms, including severity of pain. CONCLUSIONS: 1) Decreased vibratory sensation (hypoesthesia) appears to be characteristic of mild DPN, whereas panmodality hypoesthesia is characteristic of severe DPN. 2) A shift of vibratory and cold detection thresholds (and also of attributes of nerve conduction and a measure of autonomic dysfunction) from low-normal (2.5th-50th percentiles) to high-normal (50th-97.5th percentiles) appears to precede overt expression of DPN and to thereby provide evidence of subclinical abnormality 3) Heat stimulus-induced hyperesthesia (low thresholds) occurs especially in mild DPN, and, because it correlates with DPN symptoms and impairments, it must be attributed to hyperalgesia rather than to supersensitivity Therefore, hypoalgesia or hyperalgesia may be an indicator of early DPN.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Sensation of thirst in normal and laryngectomized man.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of the larynx in sensation of thirst and to identify precise areas responsible for the sensation in normal and laryngectomized groups. The present analysis showed that the laryngectomized group was less aware of the sensation and less able to localize it than the normal group. Both groups localized the sensation from the base of the tongue to the larynx as well as in the pharynx.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

Headache and sensation seeking.

According to the cognitive theory of sensation seeking, headache sufferers were predicted to score lower than controls on Zuckerman's Sensation Seeking Scale. 26 subjects who experienced chronic headaches scored significantly lower than a group of 26 controls. The relationships between the Sensation Seeking Scale and a number of personality tests are described. Replication of the findings on this scale with headache patients is encouraged as well as exploration of other personality dimensions which show significant relations with sensation seeking.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Stimulus-inadequate sensations in cochlear implant patients.

From August 1984 to April 1987 the Department of Otolaryngology at the Medizinische Hochschule in Hannover implanted the NUCLEUS 22 channel cochlear implant system (CI) in their first 56 adults. Since implantation, 27 (51%) patients have described undesirable sensations from their implant. These were defined as stimulus-inadequate sensations (SIS) and were classified into three types: 1) pain-like sensations; 2) high-frequency sensations; and 3) non-stimulation. Twenty-three patients were radiographically investigated by polytomography. All of the intracochlear electrodes were visualised and a correlation between SIS and the radiological findings was established. It was found that i) SIS similar to pain are caused by electrical stimulation of the mucous membranes and periosteum of the tympanic cavity; ii) the high-frequency SIS seemed to be due to non-physiological electrical stimulation of the basal ganglion cells; and iii) the reason for non-stimulation is probably damaged electrodes and fibrosis around the electrode. Conventional tomography is the method of choice for estimating the number and configuration of intracochlear electrodes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Social context and sensation seeking: gender differences in college student drinking motivations.

An anonymous questionnaire was administered to students at two universities. The questionnaire contained the Social Context of Drinking Scales, the Sensation Seeking Scale, and measures of alcohol use intensity, frequency of alcohol-impaired driving, as well as frequency of riding with an impaired driver. The results revealed significant gender differences in the social context of drinking as well as sensation seeking. High intensity drinkers of each gender were more likely to drink in a context of Social Facilitation and score higher on the sensation seeking subscale--Disinhibition. High intensity men drinkers were more likely to drink in a context of Sex Seeking, whereas high intensity women drinkers tended to drink in a context of Emotional Pain. In general, the Social Context of Drinking Scales were superior to the Sensation Seeking Scales at being able to discriminate high from low intensity drinkers. The implications for targeted prevention programs on college campuses are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Neurobiological and psychophysical mechanisms underlying the oral sensation produced by carbonated water.

Carbonated drinks elicit a sensation that is highly sought after, yet the underlying neural mechanisms are ill-defined. We hypothesize that CO(2) is converted via carbonic anhydrase into carbonic acid, which excites lingual nociceptors that project to the trigeminal nuclei. We investigated this hypothesis using three methodological approaches. Electrophysiological methods were used to record responses of single units located in superficial laminae of the dorsomedial aspect of trigeminal subnucleus caudalis (Vc) evoked by lingual application of carbonated water in anesthetized rats. After pretreatment of the tongue with the carbonic anhydrase inhibitor dorzolamide, neuronal responses to carbonated water were significantly attenuated, followed by recovery. Using c-Fos immunohistochemistry, we investigated the distribution of brainstem neurons activated by intraoral carbonated water. Fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI) was significantly higher in the superficial laminae of dorsomedial and ventrolateral Vc in animals treated with carbonated water versus controls. Dorzolamide pretreatment significantly reduced FLI in dorsomedial Vc. We also examined the sensation elicited by carbonated water in human psychophysical studies. When one side of the tongue was pretreated with dorzolamide, followed by bilateral application of carbonated water, a significant majority of subjects chose the untreated side as having a stronger sensation and assigned significantly higher intensity ratings to that side. Dorzolamide did not reduce irritation elicited by pentanoic acid. The present data support the hypothesis that carbonated water excites lingual nociceptors via a carbonic anhydrase-dependent process, in turn exciting neurons in Vc that are presumably involved in signaling oral irritant sensations.

Action Potentials↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Medicolegal aspects of altered sensation following implant placement in the mandible.

PURPOSE: Altered mandibular sensation following implant surgery may result in liability claims. Therefore the authors conducted a retrospective analysis of all liability claims related to persistent altered sensation following placement of mandibular implants reported to the Medical Consultants International (MCI) Company from 1992 to 1999. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Reports related to persistent altered mandibular sensation in 16 patients (12 women and 4 men) who underwent implant surgery in Israel were examined. The MCI files were retrospectively evaluated according to a structured form. The parameters studied included patient age and gender, implant location and length, imaging modality, and the time between actual damage and filing of a claim (ie, letter of demand or lawsuit). RESULTS: The time in months between actual damage and filing of claim ranged from 0 to 60 months (mean 21.5 months). No cases were found involving transient changes in sensation. The female/male ratio was 3:1. Implant length was equal to or longer than 13 mm in 6 of 7 implants placed in the molar region. In the premolar area, nerve injury was evident in 6 of 7 cases where implants shorter than 12 mm were used. CONCLUSIONS: Transient nerve injury rarely results in legal action. Maximum effort should be devoted to accurately determining the appropriate implant length in the mandible.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Globus sensation: findings on videofluoroscopic examinations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the findings on videofluoroscopy of the pharynx and esophagus in patients with a globus sensation and compare them with a similar group of patients with dysphagia. METHODS: A computerized search of radiology files revealed 83 patients with a globus sensation who had videofluoroscopic examinations of the pharynx and esophagus during a 10-year period from 1989-1999. A computerized search was also performed to generate an age- and sex-matched group of 83 patients with dysphagia who also had videofluoroscopic examinations during this period. Original radiologic reports were reviewed to determine the frequency of morphologic and functional abnormalities of the pharynx and esophagus in these 2 groups. RESULTS: Early closure of the cricopharyngeus was found in 13 (16%) patients with globus versus 2 (2%) with dysphagia (p < 0.01). Enlarged pharyngeal tonsils were found in 31 (37%) patients with globus versus 17 (21%) with dysphagia (p < 0.05). Enlarged lingual tonsils were characterized on barium studies by nodularity or lobulation of the posterior-inferior base of the tongue and valleculae in all patients, and the palatine tonsils were symmetrically enlarged in all but 2 patients. No other radiographic findings were significantly associated with a globus sensation. CONCLUSION: Early closure of the cricopharyngeus and enlarged lingual or palatine tonsils may contribute to the development of a globus sensation, but the pathophysiologic basis for this association remains unclear.

Adenoids↗

PubMed2004

Intraoperative perception and sensation in laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK).

PURPOSE: To investigate intraoperative perception and sensation during Laser in situ Keratomileusis (LASIK). PATIENTS AND METHOD: Sixty patients with uneventful LASIK were included. All procedures were performed by one surgeon with one technique. Any patient with intra-operative complications was excluded. The patients were asked to fill in the subjective evaluation form regarding their perception and sensation during the operation. RESULTS: Twenty-nine patients (48%) reported no pain and twenty-six patients (43%) reported no burning sensation during the surgery. Nineteen patients (32%) reported no light perception during the suction period of microkeratome. There was no correlation between duration of the suction and no light perception (R2 0.01). Thirty-four patients (56%) reported no trouble in maintaining visual fixation at the red light during the laser treatment. Ten patients (16%) reported they could clearly see the movement during the surgery and 5 out of 10 patients (50% of 16%) reported visual frightening. Fifty cases (84%) reported no visual frightening during the surgery after reassurance of the visual experience by the surgeon before the surgery. CONCLUSIONS: Patients undergoing LASIK may experience different visual perceptions. Reassurance of the intraoperative perception and sensation before the surgery can reduce the visual frightening.

Adult↗

PubMed1991

[Sensation disorders and pain in spinal cord lesions].

In addition to the well known paraplegia or tetraplegia, lesions of the spinal cord frequently cause a series of disturbances of sensation in the segments around or distal to the lesion. Disturbances of sensation in spinal cord lesions are painful or non-painful. The painful and also the non-painful sensations may represent irritative and withdrawal phenomena. A series of central neurogenic pains seem to be best explained by spontaneous neuronal activity in sensory spinal cord neurones which have lost the peripheral, segmental and descending neuronal control from the nervous system. Surgical treatment of pain in cases of spinal cord lesions is rarely considered apart from root-avulsion where surgical lesion in the superficial part of the posterior horn is effective. No specific treatment is as yet available for pain and disturbances of sensation in cases of spinal cord injury. However, on the basis of our limited knowledge of the pathogenesis of these symptoms, future therapeutic strategy will be directed towards not only the peripheral but also the central points of attack. Treatment of painful conditions in patients with spinal cord injuries, as in other states of chronic pain, should also include social and psychological support.

Humans↗