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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Analysis of linkage between the major histocompatibility system and juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetes in multiplex families. Reanalysis of data.

Linkage analysis between the major histocompatibility system (HLA) and juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetes, assuming an autosomal recessive mode and 50% penetrance was performed on 21 juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetic multiplex families (two or more diabetics per sibship) with phenotypically normal parents. The total lod score was the highest (3.98) at a recombination fraction of 13%. For a penetrance of 100%, the highest total lod score was 2.92 at a recombination fraction of 18%. These results are compatible with the existence of linkage between an autosomal recessive diabetic gene with 50% penetrance and the HLA in some of the families studied. Our ascertainment strategy would be expected to increase the likelihood of selecting for genetically homogenous diabetes and against sporadic forms of the disease. Thus, our findings may apply only to a small proportion of all cases of juvenile, insulin-dependent diabetes.

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1↗
PubMed1994

Multisite data reanalysis of the validity of rapid cycling as a course modifier for bipolar disorder in DSM-IV.

OBJECTIVE: The validity of rapid cycling as a distinct course modifier for bipolar disorder was assessed by comparing patients with and without a history of rapid cycling (4 or more affective episodes in 12 months) on demographic, clinical, family history, and outcome variables. These data were also used to formulate operational criteria for the modifier. METHOD: Data on subjects with rapid-cycling (N = 120) and nonrapid-cycling (N = 119) bipolar disorder from four sites were pooled and analyzed by using case-control and historical cohort methods. RESULTS: The rapid-cycling group contained more women and more subjects from higher social classes than the nonrapid-cycling group. Family history did not differ between the groups. The diagnosis had predictive validity in that the rapid-cycling patients had more episodes than the nonrapid-cycling patients during prospective follow-up. The relationship between gender and episode frequency supported the validity of the cutoff point of 4-8 episodes per year. The data regarding whether patients with rapid cycling based on truncated episodes more closely resembled rapid-cycling or nonrapid-cycling patients were equivocal. Patients whose only rapid cycling was associated with antidepressants resembled spontaneously rapid-cycling patients, while the majority of spontaneously rapid-cycling patients also had periods of antidepressant-associated rapid cycling. CONCLUSIONS: The validity of rapid cycling as a distinct course modifier for bipolar disorder is supported by differences in gender, prospectively assessed outcome, and perhaps social class between rapid-cycling and nonrapid-cycling patients. The relationship of gender to episode frequency supports the cutoff of 4 or more episodes per year.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Reanalysis of Bell, Weinberg, and Hammersmith's data on birth order, sibling sex ratio, and parental age in homosexual men.

The authors compared parental age, birth order, and sex ratio of siblings for 575 homosexual men and 284 heterosexual men, matched on age and education. They were originally part of Bell, Weinberg, and Hammersmith's large-scale study of male and female homosexuality. The results confirmed the previous findings that homosexual men have older fathers and later births than do heterosexual men but not the finding that homosexual men have larger proportions of brothers. The collective findings suggest that birth order is perhaps the single most reliable demographic difference between homosexual and heterosexual men.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Correlates of disruptive behaviors in nursing homes. A reanalysis.

This study reexamines factors associated with the occurrence of disruptive behaviors using a representative sample of nursing home residents in Rhode Island in 1984-1985. Four indicators of disruptive behaviors are examined using multivariate methods: evidence of any disruptive behaviors, abusive behavior, wandering, and noisiness. Results are compared with the 1989 study by Jackson et al., which was based on the same data. Findings indicate that the likelihood of exhibiting disruptive behaviors in nursing homes increases with the severity of cognitive impairment, ADL dysfunction, and incontinence, and decreases with immobility. Immobility not only is negatively associated with wandering behavior, but with other behaviors as well. Women are less likely to be abusive. In contrast to the earlier study, which did not use multivariate methods, age and communication problems are not related to disruptive behaviors.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1998

Association between PM10 and decrements in peak expiratory flow rates in children: reanalysis of data from five panel studies.

Panel studies have found 1-3% increases in reports of acute respiratory symptoms associated with each 10 microg x m(-3) increase in ambient concentrations of particles with a 50% cut-off aerodynamic diameter of 10 microm (PM10). Statistically significant decrements in population mean peak expiratory flow (PEF) have also been observed but their magnitude is only about 0.1% for the same exposure. This study evaluated whether this difference is due to the different measurement scales used for the expression of the effects of air pollution on PEF and respiratory symptoms. The association between the prevalence of large decrements in PEF (more than 10% or 20% below the median) and PM10 concentrations was analysed using data from five recent panel studies. The effect estimates were compared to the effect estimates from original studies based on the population mean PEF. The decrement in the population mean PEF for an increase of 10 microg x m(-3) of the same-day PM10 concentration was 0.07%, averaged over all panels. A significant relative increase of 2.7% (95% confidence interval 1.6-3.8) in the prevalence of PEF decrements greater than 10% was associated with the same exposure. In conclusion, defining the peak expiratory flow response by the prevalence of large decrements provides effect estimates of a comparable magnitude to effect estimates for the prevalence of reports of acute lower respiratory symptoms.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2002

Clustering of the SOM easily reveals distinct gene expression patterns: results of a reanalysis of lymphoma study.

BACKGROUND: A method to evaluate and analyze the massive data generated by series of microarray experiments is of utmost importance to reveal the hidden patterns of gene expression. Because of the complexity and the high dimensionality of microarray gene expression profiles, the dimensional reduction of raw expression data and the feature selections necessary for, for example, classification of disease samples remains a challenge. To solve the problem we propose a two-level analysis. First self-organizing map (SOM) is used. SOM is a vector quantization method that simplifies and reduces the dimensionality of original measurements and visualizes individual tumor sample in a SOM component plane. Next, hierarchical clustering and K-means clustering is used to identify patterns of gene expression useful for classification of samples. RESULTS: We tested the two-level analysis on public data from diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. The analysis easily distinguished major gene expression patterns without the need for supervision: a germinal center-related, a proliferation, an inflammatory and a plasma cell differentiation-related gene expression pattern. The first three patterns matched the patterns described in the original publication using supervised clustering analysis, whereas the fourth one was novel. CONCLUSIONS: Our study shows that by using SOM as an intermediate step to analyze genome-wide gene expression data, the gene expression patterns can more easily be revealed. The "expression display" by the SOM component plane summarises the complicated data in a way that allows the clinician to evaluate the classification options rather than giving a fixed diagnosis.

Cluster Analysis↗
PubMed2003

LEAping to conclusions: a computational reanalysis of late embryogenesis abundant proteins and their possible roles.

BACKGROUND: The late embryogenesis abundant (LEA) proteins cover a number of loosely related groups of proteins, originally found in plants but now being found in non-plant species. Their precise function is unknown, though considerable evidence suggests that LEA proteins are involved in desiccation resistance. Using a number of statistically-based bioinformatics tools the classification of a large set of LEA proteins, covering all Groups, is reexamined together with some previous findings. Searches based on peptide composition return proteins with similar composition to different LEA Groups; keyword clustering is then applied to reveal keywords and phrases suggestive of the Groups' properties. RESULTS: Previous research has suggested that glycine is characteristic of LEA proteins, but it is only highly over-represented in Groups 1 and 2, while alanine, thought characteristic of Group 2, is over-represented in Group 3, 4 and 6 but under-represented in Groups 1 and 2. However, for LEA Groups 1 2 and 3 it is shown that glutamine is very significantly over-represented, while cysteine, phenylalanine, isoleucine, leucine and tryptophan are significantly under-represented. There is also evidence that the Group 4 LEA proteins are more appropriately redistributed to Group 2 and Group 3. Similarly, Group 5 is better found among the Group 3 LEA proteins. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence that Group 2 and Group 3 LEA proteins, though distinct, might be related. This relationship is also evident in the overlapping sets of keywords for the two Groups, emphasising alpha-helical structure and, at a larger scale, filaments, all of which fits well with experimental evidence that proteins from both Groups are natively unstructured, but become structured under stress conditions. The keywords support localisation of LEA proteins both in the nucleus and associated with the cytoskeleton, and a mode of action similar to chaperones, perhaps the cold shock chaperones, via a role in DNA-binding. In general, non-globular and low-complexity proteins, such as the LEA proteins, pose particular challenges in determining their functions and modes of action. Rather than masking off and ignoring low-complexity domains, novel tools and tool combinations are needed which are capable of analysing such proteins in their entirety.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1995

Panic disorder and suicide attempt. A reanalysis of data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area study.

BACKGROUND: Analysing data from the Epidemiologic Catchment Area (ECA) study, Weissman and colleagues reported that panic disorder was strongly associated with suicide attempt. However, they did not control optimally for comorbid disorders known to increase suicide risk. METHOD: Reanalysing the ECA data, we controlled for comorbid disorders in the aggregate rather than one at a time when we estimated the association between panic disorder and suicide attempt. RESULTS: Panic disorder was not associated with an increased risk of suicide attempt. CONCLUSIONS: Comorbid conditions strongly influence whether people with panic disorder are at especial risk of suicide attempt.

Adolescent↗