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PubMed1993

The binding interaction of Coomassie blue with proteins.

The Coomassie brilliant blue protein assay is commonly used because of its sensitivity and convenience, but it is not well understood on a molecular level. This study attempts to gain better understanding of the assay system through spectrophotometric binding studies carried out on selected proteins under solvent conditions characteristic of the normal protein assay. The studies were generally conducted at high protein/dye concentration ratios, where only the high-affinity dye binding sites would be occupied. Modified Scatchard and Hill analyses show that these high-affinity sites are few in number compared to the total number of dye-binding sites on a given protein. The magnitudes of the high-affinity binding constants are typical of noncovalent binding interactions.

Binding Sites↗
PubMed2005

Sentinel node mapping with isosulfan blue dye in endometrial cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the feasibility of sentinel node mapping in endometrial cancer using hysteroscopic injection of isosulfan blue dye. METHODS: Sixteen patients with endometrial cancer were enrolled in this pilot study. Hysteroscopy was performed at laparotomy to locate the tumour. Isosulfan blue dye was injected into the endomyometrium around the tumour by hysteroscopy, into the serosa overlying the tumour, or both. Blue lymph nodes were removed as sentinel nodes. Pelvic lymphadenectomy, total abdominal hysterectomy, and bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy were then performed. RESULTS: Dye uptake into lymphatics occurred in 13 of the 16 cases (81%). Blue lymph nodes were identified in five cases with serosal injection alone (56%) and in two cases with combined serosal and hysteroscopic injection (50%). No blue lymph nodes were identified with hysteroscopic injection alone. The overall sentinel node identification rate was 44%, and the negative predictive value was 86%. CONCLUSION: Although the concept of sentinel node mapping in endometrial cancer is appealing, the technique of hysteroscopic injection of isosulfan blue dye alone had minimal success in this study. Alternative methods should be explored.

Endometrial Neoplasms↗
PubMed2006

Photodegradation of dye pollutants catalyzed by porous K3PW12O40 under visible irradiation.

Microporous solid K3PW12O40 is prepared by precipitation of phosphotungstic acid and potassium ion, followed by calcination. Using this material as photocatalyst, a series of dye pollutants, such as rhodamine B, malachite green, rhodamine 6G, fuchsin basic, and methyl violet, were efficiently degraded in the presence of H202 under visible light irradiation (lambda > 420 nm). The photocatalyst was characterized via SEM, BET surface area, FT-IR, and XRD. The photocatalyst has relative large surface area, and the Keggin structure of phosphotungstic ions is intact during the precipitation and calcination. The degradation kinetics, TOC changes, degradation products, ESR detection of active oxygen species, and the effect of radical scavengers are also investigated to clarify the degradation process and the reaction pathway. The dyes can be facilely bleached and mineralized (ca. 40% of TOC removal for RhB), and the main degradation products of RhB detected, besides CO2, are the small organic acids. They are released from the surface of the catalyst to the bulk solution during the degradation of the dye, which avoids the poisoning of photocatalyst by the intermediates. The formation of active oxygen species such as the O2-*/ HO2* and *OH are detected during the degradation of dye, and they are proposed to be responsible for the degradation of dyes. The K3PW12040 catalyst is very stable and very easily separated from the reaction system for reuse.

Catalysis↗
PubMed2003

Anaphylaxis due to patent blue dye during lymphography, with negative skin prick test.

We report here a case of anaphylaxis due to patent blue dye, which was administered to an adult female during a lymphographic intraoperative procedure. The patient was not atopic, and other possible causes of anaphylaxis (anesthetics, latex) had been carefully excluded through routine tests. The skin-prick test and patch test carried out with patent blue (PB) dye were negative, but the intradermal test with 100 microliters of the dye showed a remarkable positivity. There was no available commercial, specific IgE assay for PB dye, but the negativity of prick tests would exclude the involvement of an IgE-mediated mechanism. We want to highlight the possible danger derived from a dye that is considered inert, and that is now increasingly being used in surgical procedures.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed2003

Sentinel lymph node detection by combined dye-isotope technique and its predictive value for cervical lymph node metastasis in patients with lingual carcinoma.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the clinical value of combined dye-isotope technique in detecting sentinel lymph node (SLN) and to examine whether the characteristics of SLN accurately predict cervical lymph node metastasis in lingual carcinoma. METHODS: Thirty patients with lingual carcinoma without lymph metastasis were injected with a dose of about 18.5 MBq of (99m)Tc-SC (sulfur colloid), around the tumor tissues before surgery, and lymphoscintigraphy was performed 5, 10, 30, 60 minutes, and 6 hours after injection. In the following day, all patients were injected with isosulfan blue dye around the primary tumor during surgery to trace SLN and underwent standard cervical lymph node dissection after SLN dissection. The pathological results of SLN were compared with standard lymph node dissection for their ability to accurately predict the final pathological status of the cervical lymph nodes. RESULTS: SLN was successfully identified in 100% of the patients. Both positive and negative predictive values of SLN were 100%. The accuracy rate was 100%, and there were no false negatives. CONCLUSIONS: The detection of SLN using combined dye-isotope technique could accurately predict cervical lymph node metastasis in lingual carcinoma.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Factitious oxygen desaturation after isosulfan blue injection.

Profound pulse oximetery desaturations are observed following isosulfan blue dye injection during breast sentinel node biopsy. The objective of this study was to examine the effect isosulfan dye has on oxygenation status and the reliability of pulse oximetery in evaluating this parameter. After study design, institutional review board approval was obtained. A prospective 5-month study was performed between January and April 2002. Twenty-one women with invasive breast cancer were monitored during breast sentinel node biopsies. Twenty-two operative cases were analyzed by pulse oximetry and arterial catheterization to record oxygen saturation. Time intervals of analysis were 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes following injection of isosulfan blue dye. Simultaneous pulse oximetry and arterial blood gas analysis allowed comparison of indirect oximetry oxygen saturation (SpO2) to actual arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2). SpO2 values were decreased from baseline values at 10, 20, and 30 minutes without decrease in SaO2 saturation (P < 0.001). The mean oximetry SpO2 desaturation was 5.6 per cent, with a range to 9 per cent. After injection with isosulfan blue dye, a significant SpO2 desaturation occurs. Clinicians must be aware of the factitious effect isosulfan blue dye has on SpO2 monitoring, to assess accurately the oxygenation status of the anesthetized patient.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

Six methods for urinary protein compared.

Six assays for protein in urine were compared for linearity, ease of standardization, precision, comparability of assay values, technical ease of assay, and current cost. The assays investigated were three dye-binding techniques, a recent turbidimetric technique, the trichloroacetic acid--biuret reaction, and a tannic acid protein precipitation reaction with ferric chloride. All assays suffered from standardization problems, although the biuret method showed the best analytical recovery of albumin and gamma-globulin. The tannic acid/ferric chloride method is dependent on sample pH. The turbidimetric assay exhibited the greatest imprecision; i.e., CVs were 19.5% at a protein concentration of 0.13 g/L and 6.0% at a protein concentration of 1.3 g/L. On the basis of all the factors assessed, we conclude that the Pesce/Strande Ponceau-S and the Bio-Rad Coomassie Brilliant Blue dye-binding techniques offer certain advantages over the other assays studied.

Azo Compounds↗
PubMed2005

Adsorption kinetics of removal of a toxic dye, Malachite Green, from wastewater by using hen feathers.

The paper includes meticulous utilization of hen feather as potential adsorbent to remove a hazardous triphenylmethane dye, Malachite Green from wastewater. The adsorption studies were carried out at 30, 40 and 50 degrees C and effects of pH, temperature, amount of adsorbent, contact time, concentration of adsorbate, etc. on the adsorption were measured. On the basis of adsorption data Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models were also confirmed. The adsorption isotherm constants thus obtained were employed to calculate thermodynamic parameters like Gibb's free energy, change in enthalpy and entropy. The paper also incorporates systematic kinetic studies of the ongoing adsorption process and a first order adsorption kinetics was found to be operative during the adsorption. The specific rate constants at different temperatures were found to be dependent upon the concentration of the dye. The adsorption was found to operate via film and particle diffusion process in the higher and lower concentration ranges, respectively.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2003

Sentinel node biopsy in breast cancer: validation study and comparison of blue dye alone with triple modality localization.

BACKGROUND: Sentinel node biopsy (SNB) for breast cancer patients is a new technique with the potential to provide an accurate staging of the axillary nodal status while avoiding the morbidity of an axillary dissection. The objective of the present study is to validate the use of sentinel node biopsy in a New Zealand hospital and to compare the ability of patent blue dye (PB) alone with triple modality (TM) (preoperative lymphoscintigraphy, intraoperative gamma probe and intraoperative blue dye) to identify the sentinel node. METHODS: A total of 104 patients who had a palpable breast lump that was confirmed to be malignant by radiology and cytology and a clinical diagnosis of stage I or stage II breast cancer, were enrolled for SNB and randomly assigned to triple modality or blue dye alone for the localization of the sentinel node. Axillary dissection was performed after the sentinel node(s) had been removed. RESULTS: There were 63 patients in the PB group and 41 patients in the TM group. Both groups are comparable, with a similar mean age and primary tumour size. A sentinel node was identified in 57 (90%) of the PB group patients and 40 (98%) of the TM group patients. Of these 23 (37%) of the PB group and 23 (56%) in the TM group had axillary nodes positive for malignancy. There was one false negative SNB in the PB group and two false negative results in the TM group. Therefore, the PB group had an accuracy of 98% and a sensitivity of 96% compared to an accuracy of 95% and a sensitivity of 91% for the TM group. CONCLUSION: The results of the present study validate the use of SNB in suitable breast cancer patients. Identification and the accuracy of the sentinel node localization were similar between the two groups. Therefore, in hospital centres without adequate access to a nuclear medical facility, it would be feasible to conduct SNB using blue dye alone.

Antimony↗
PubMed1990

["Fenaf"--a new histochemical stain].

The authors have synthesized a new dye which by its histochemical properties is analogous to the imported aldehyde-fuchsin but much cheaper. The production of this dye under the trade name "Fenaf" is organized at Shostka's factory of chemicals. The dye reveals neurosecretion, thyrothrophocytes of the adenohypophysis, tissue mast cells and other structures that are stained with aldehyde-fuchsin.

Autopsy↗
PubMed1990

[Problems with malachite green use in fish].

The arylmethane dye malachite green oxalate is used as an antimycotic and antiparasitic substance for treatment of fish diseases. The therapeutical use of malachite green is not licensed by the German drug act. A decree fixes a limit of tolerance of 0.01 mg malachite green/kg food produced from fish. A so-called standard license will be prepared for malachite green as a drug for fishes. By trout and carp, malachite green is eliminated slowly. Therefore a long withdrawal time is necessary. The toxicology of the arylmethane dye and the low tolerance to observe in trout and carp is to mind.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Comparison of static and shake culture in the decolorization of textile dyes and dye effluents by Phanerochaete chrysoporium.

Decolorization of several dyes (Red HE-8B, Malachite Green, Navy Blue HE-2R, Magenta, Crystal Violet) and an industrial effluent with growing cells of Phanerochaete chrysosporium in shake and static culture was demonstrated. All the dyes and the industrial effluent were decolorized to some extent with varying percentages of decolorization (20-100%). The rate of decolorization was very rapid with Red HE-8B, an industrial dye. Decolorization rates for all the dyes in static condition were found to be less than the shake culture and also dependent on biomass concentration.

Basidiomycota↗
PubMed1999

Measurement of concentration-response relationships by concentration-ramp application of agonists.

Dose-response relationships of agonist- induced membrane currents were obtained during accumulation of agonist and a simultaneously applied dye in the culture dish. The concentration of the dye was continuously measured using a laboratory-made photometer. When the superfusate was switched from the control solution to a test solution containing an agonist and an inert dye (e.g. Fast Green) both accumulated in the bath together and the change of dye concentration altered the intensity of light falling through the objective. The change in light intensity in an area directly surrounding the cell under study was measured by the photometer. The normal microscope lamp was used as the light source and a colour filter was placed between the microscope lamp and the condenser in order to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio of the photometer output. Assuming that the rates of accumulation and clearance of dye are similar to those of the agonist, it is possible to continuously measure the membrane current at given dye and agonist concentrations. To calculate the dose-response curves we calibrated the relationship between the dye concentration and the photometer voltage output.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Decreased protein staining after chemical crosslinking.

Reaction of several proteins with the homobifunctional amino group-directed reagents dithiobissuccinimidyl propionate or methylmercaptobutyrimidate is shown to decrease the subsequent Coomassie blue or silver staining of these proteins after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The decreased dye response is not due to the proximity of the crosslinked proteins since the monomers generated after bisection of the crosslinkers with beta-mercaptoethanol show reduced staining. Quantitation of dye absorbance relative to protein content (assayed by radioactivity) indicates that the decreased staining effect is variable, depending on the particular stain, crosslinker, and protein.

Chemical Phenomena↗
PubMed2005

Sorption study of an acid dye from an aqueous solutions using modified clays.

The removal of the pollutant Supranol Yellow 4GL (S.Y.4GL) was studied by using different clays: clay exchanged with sodium (BNa+) and hydroxyaluminic polycation pillared clays in the presence or absence of non-ionic surfactant. While decomposing the surfactant at 500 degrees C, the surface of the clay changed significantly. The study of the behaviour of the three clays with respect to coloring solutions, allowed to determine the equilibrium time and the rate-determining step of the dye S.Y.4GL adsorption. Two simplified kinetic models, were tested to investigate the adsorption mechanisms in terms of pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order equations. Besides, the adsorption capacity data were fitted to Langmuir and Freundlich equations as well. A better fixation was obtained with an acidic pH. The effect of temperature on the adsorption of dye has been also studied and the thermodynamic parameters DeltaG degrees , DeltaH degrees and DeltaS degrees were determined.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2002

Concordance and validation study of sentinel lymph node biopsy for breast cancer using subareolar injection of blue dye and technetium 99m sulfur colloid.

BACKGROUND: We have previously demonstrated the utility, accuracy, and advantages of a subareolar (SA) site of injection for blue dye compared with an intraparenchymal site. In later studies we advocated the additional use of preoperative SA-injected technetium 99m-labeled sulfur colloid as a directional aid in finding blue-stained sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs). Paramount to the usefulness of this dual-tracer, same-site technique is the degree to which SA-injected blue dye and SA-injected radiocolloid migrate concordantly and are deposited within the same sentinel nodes. The purpose of this study was to document the correlation and accuracy of SLN biopsy using blue dye and radiocolloid when both nodal markers are injected by the same SA route. STUDY DESIGN: Between September 1999 and February 2002 (29 months), 185 consecutive patients with 187 operable breast cancers underwent 187 attempted SLN biopsies by a dual-tracer, same-site injection technique using the SA approach for both agents. Unfiltered technetium 99m-labeled sulfur colloid (1 mCi [37 MBq]) was SA-injected 30 to 45 minutes preoperatively; and just after anesthetic induction, 3 mL of 1% isosulfan blue dye was injected by the same SA route. SLN biopsies or complete axillary dissections were carried out, and SLNs identified during these procedures were classified as containing both blue dye and radioactivity ("blue-hot" nodes), radioactivity alone ("hot-only" nodes), or blue dye alone ("blue-only" nodes). Cases were categorized and tabulated based on the presence or absence of these three types of SLNs. RESULTS: Of the 187 procedures, a SLN was identified successfully in 184 cases, indicating an SLN identification rate of 98.4% (95% confidence interval, 96.6% to 100.2%). In these 184 cases, a blue-hot node was present in 94.5% (n = 174 of 184). An SLN was positive in 50 cases, or 27.2% of the total group (n = 50 of 184). A blue-hot node was the only positive SLN in 43 of these 50 cases, or 86% of the node-positive cases. There were no false negatives in 20 confirmatory axillary node dissections carried out to document the findings of a negative SLN. A correlation analysis revealed that in 98.9% of cases (174 of 176), blue nodes were also radioactive ("blue-hot" case concordance = 98.9%). In 95.1% of cases (174 of 183), hot nodes had also taken up blue dye ("hot-blue" case concordance = 95.1%). CONCLUSIONS: Using SA injections of both blue dye and radiocolloid, we achieved an SLN identification rate of 98.4% (184 of 187 cases), a false-negative rate of 0% (0 of 20 cases), and an accuracy in predicting the malignant status of the axilla of 100% (70 of 70 cases). The case concordance rate ranged between 98.9% ("blue-hot concordance") and 95.1% ("hot-blue concordance"). The present study is the first to evaluate dual-tracer, same-site SA injections of blue dye and radiocolloid. By demonstrating a high case concordance rate, a high SLN identification rate, and a 0% false-negative rate, this study adds further support to the validity and accuracy of same-site SA injections of both blue dye and radiocolloid during SLN biopsy in breast cancer.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

[Modified trichrome staining].

Author in the process of the trichrom staining method instead of Orange-G, acid fuchsine and aniline-blue applied other dyes. For the staining of thin sections ponceau-S was found more suitable than acid-fuchsine. For the staining of thick sections the cerommends acid-fuchsine, light-green and fast-green FCF.

Rosaniline Dyes↗