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Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between {beta}2-adrenoceptor polymorphisms and asthma: a HuGE review.

A number of studies have investigated two common polymorphisms in the beta(2)-adrenoceptor gene, Arg/Gly16 and Gln/Glu27, in relation to asthma susceptibility. The authors performed a meta-analysis of each polymorphism, as well as haplotype analysis, for adult and pediatric populations separately, using published data, supplemented by additional data requested from the original authors. Individual analysis detected no effect of Arg/Gly16 in adults but did suggest a recessive protective effect of Gly16 for children, with an odds ratio of 0.71 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.53, 0.96) compared with the other genotypes. Results for Gln/Glu27 in adults seem to indicate that heterozygotes are at decreased risk of asthma than either homozygote (odds ratio = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.87), although the studies are heterogeneous; in children, the Glu/Glu genotype has a decreased risk of asthma (odds ratio = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.99) compared with the other genotypes. Despite the proximity of these two polymorphic sites, the linkage disequilibrium coefficient of 0.41 was not high (p < 0.001). Haplotype analysis suggests that there may be an interaction between the two sites, with a lower risk of asthma associated with the Glu27 allele (compared with Gln27), and that this risk is modified by the allele at position 16.

Alleles↗
PubMed2006

Uterine adenomyoma: a clinicopathologic review of 26 cases and a review of the literature.

The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of diagnosing uterine adenomyoma and help in differentiating it from other sinister lesions. Adenomyoma of the uterus is a circumscribed nodular aggregate of benign endometrial glands surrounded by endometrial stroma with leiomyomatous smooth muscle bordering the endometrial stromal component. It may be located within the myometrium, or it may involve or originate in the endometrium and grow as a polyp. A retrospective analysis of 26 consecutive cases of uterine adenomyomas diagnosed in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College, Chandigarh from January 1994 to December 2004 was done, and their clinical and histological features were analyzed. The criterion used for case identification was a circumscribed mass composed of benign endometrial glands with a stromal component consisting of endometrial type stroma surrounded by leiomyomatous smooth muscle. Mitotic figures were counted within 50 high-power fields (hpf) and recorded as the highest number per 10 hpf. The age of the patients ranged from 22 to 60 years (mean age, 41 years). The most common presenting symptom was abnormal vaginal bleeding (n = 15). Thirteen patients underwent panhysterectomy; 7, total hysterectomy; 1, subtotal hysterectomy; 4, polypectomy or tumor removal; and 1, curettage. Of the 26 cases of adenomyoma, 24 were in the corpus, 1 was in the cervix, and 1 was in the broad ligament. An associated leiomyoma was noted in 12 cases (46.9%). The adenomyomas were firm in consistency and, on cut section, showed a gray-white surface. Five tumors showed cystic spaces filled with dark brown material. On microscopic examination, the tumors were well demarcated from the surrounding structures. The endometrial glands were mostly tubular and showed relatively regular spacing from each other without any back-to-back arrangement. The glands were lined by benign proliferative pseudostratified columnar epithelium. An occasional typical mitotic figure was noted in these glands in a few cases. The glands were surrounded by endometrial stroma which was compact and spindly. This stroma was, in turn, bordered by leiomyomatous smooth muscle. Thick-walled blood vessels were commonly observed. One to two typical mitotic figures per 10 hpf were noted in the endometrial stroma in few cases; however, no mitosis was noted in the myometrial component. Associated adenomyosis was also noted in 8 cases (30.8%). Adenomyomas have to be distinguished from a number of other lesions, for example, adenomyosis, leiomyoma with entrapped glands, atypical polypoid adenomyoma, endometrial polyps, adenofibroma, and adenosarcoma. This study highlights the importance of correctly identifying this fairly common entity and helps to distinguish adenomyoma from other similar appearing benign and malignant lesions.

Adenomyoma↗
PubMed1997

Review article: In vitro models in inflammatory bowel disease research--a critical review.

Research efforts in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have been directed towards the epithelium as it has become clear that epithelial cells play a critical role in inflammatory response. Most research involving IBD employs in vitro techniques. In vitro epithelial cell studies have played and are continuing to play a major role in providing specific information relevant to IBD. Thus, such studies have provided irrefutable evidence that epithelial responses can be induced by microbes/microbial products and by immune activation. Culture experiments have provided insights into the effects of individual cytokines and other inflammatory mediators on epithelial pathophysiology, injury and repair, apoptosis, necrosis, and other processes that may be involved in IBD. Activated epithelial cells can participate in and even orchestrate immune responses, by stimulating T cells (and possibly others) and by producing cytokines that recruit specific inflammatory cells. Physiological regulation of epithelial tight junctions has been demonstrated by in vitro studies; the implication of this information for treating IBD is just beginning to be explored. It is becoming increasingly clear that epithelial processing and presentation of antigens is critical to the outcome of the immune response.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Review article: 13C-urea breath test in the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection -- a critical review.

The urea breath test is a non-invasive, simple and safe test which provides excellent accuracy both for the initial diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection and for the confirmation of its eradication after treatment. Some studies have found no differences between urea breath test performed under non-fasting conditions. The simplicity, good tolerance and economy of the citric acid test meal probably make its systematic use advisable. The urea breath test protocol may be performed with relatively low doses (<100 mg) of urea: 75 mg or even 50 mg seem to be sufficient. With the most widely used protocol (with citric acid and 75 mg of urea), excellent accuracy is obtained when breath samples are collected as early as 10-15 min after urea ingestion. A unique and generally proposed cut-off level is not possible because it has to be adapted to different factors, such as the test meal, the dose and type of urea, or the pre-/post-treatment setting. Fortunately, because positive and negative urea breath test results tend to cluster outside of the range between 2 and 5 per thousand, a change in cut-off value within this range would be expected to have little effect on clinical accuracy of the test.

Breath Tests↗