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PubMed2000

[The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale: the validity of its Quebec version for a population low socioeconomic status mothers].

This paper investigates the construct validity and reliability of a Quebec version of the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) for a population of low-socioeconomic-status mothers. This scale was constructed for the specific purpose of measuring mothers' symptoms of depression during the postnatal period in an effort to alleviate the validity problems that could arise from depression scales intended for the general population. Two hundred and twenty-four mothers participating in a Quebec prevention program, "Naître égaux, grandir en santé" (Martin & Boyer, 1995) filled out the EPDS between the 22nd and the 35th day postpartum. A confirmatory factor analysis, conducted with LISREL, gives a 2-factor structure for the EPDS, the first representing symptoms of depression and the second symptoms of anxiety. This structure differs from the one presented by Cox, Holden, and Sagovsky (1987), authors of the EPDS. It corresponds, however to the results of other authors who looked at the EPDS with confirmatory factor analysis (Pop, Komproe, & van Son, 1992) and indicates a good construct validity. The reliability of the scale also appears satisfactory, with a Cronbach alpha co-efficient of 0.82.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Between wait-and-see and panic: some remarks on Quebec's demographic situation].

"Discussions on the present demographic situation of Quebec and the industrialized countries are mainly centered around a few major themes, almost always the same. This paper suggests that some other aspects, often neglected, should also be taken into account, and concludes that--in order to be realistic--a possible population policy for Quebec should not be defined in terms of numbers to be reached, but rather in relation with the conditions wherein the population lives and reproduces itself." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1990

[Ethnic homogeneity of the Quebec population during the French regime].

The author analyzes the ethnic structure of the population of Quebec province, Canada, during the French regime. "The Quebec population [was] defined very early along lines which were kept subsequently, because immigration contributed only marginally to its growth. After one century of settlement, spouses whose ethnic origin was French still represented 97% of the total, with Normandy, the Paris region and the West of France contributing...about two thirds." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1990

[Aging and education of the Quebec population].

"Having projected the composition of the population of the province of Quebec for the years 2011 and 2031 with respect to level of education, the author suggests ways in which an increase in the overall level of scholastic attainment could help Quebec meet the challenge of an aging population. According to him, a better educated population would be more productive and less dependent on public finances when it reached retirement. Such a population would cost less in terms of health care and could, if needed, remain in the labor force past retirement age." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1985

[Class, sex, and socio-professional trajectory: the case of Haitian immigration to Quebec].

"Various studies have shown the role of Haitian immigration in satisfying the need for manpower in Quebec. Very few, however, analyse the process which leads immigrants to this role. This paper shows that sex and class in the country of origin strongly determine the socio-professional trajectory of Haitian immigrants in Quebec. These two factors define indeed a specific process of skill acquisition, and, therefore, a more or less strong bargaining power on the labor market." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1989

[The Quebec-Ontario fertility differential].

"Various economic, political, social and demographic factors may explain the different evolution of fertility in Quebec and Ontario. After a brief historical outlook, the author analyses more specifically the distribution of the population according to place of birth. This leads to the conclusion that the high proportion of immigrant women in Ontario, jointly with their above-average fertility, has played a major role in increasing the fertility gap between Quebec and Ontario at the beginning of the 1980's." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1983

[The emigration of English-speaking Quebecers].

It is generally stated that Bill 101 (The French Language Charter) passed in 1977 provoked an exodus of the English speaking population in Quebec. A review of past data from the Canadian Censuses shows that the propensity to leave Quebec has always been greater for the Anglophones than for the Francophones. Family allowance records have enabled Canada to retrace the outgoing population since 1974. Although it is true that between 1977-79 both the proportion and the number of English speaking migrants were greater than before, the levels then dropped and for the next 4 years became camparable to the ones observed in the past, although Bill 101 is still in force.

Americas↗
PubMed1987

[Evolution of Quebec's mortality rates, by cause of death].

"The evolution of mortality in Quebec over the past three decades is reviewed. Life expectancies and potential years of life lost from birth to age 75 are calculated. Also, interprovincial comparisons of mortality are included. Quebec's mortality experience, in comparison to the other provinces, is poor. Causes of death that are of particular concern are suicide and lung cancer. Mortality rates for cerebrovascular diseases, stomach cancer and kidney diseases have markedly declined, for males as well as females." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1991

[Families with and without children: poverty or affluence? Evidence for Canada and Quebec from 1971 to 1987].

"This study compares the economic well-being of families with and without children and looks into their place in the size distribution of income, in Canada and Quebec from 1971 to 1987. The evidence presented in the paper suggests that having children reduces the chances of affluence and increases the risk of poverty. Viewed from the perspective of the low levels of fertility in Canada and in Quebec, the evidence casts some doubts on the consistency of recent changes, by the two levels of government, in the fiscal and transfer policies concerning families with children." (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Evolution of the population of Quebec and Canada over the past century and a half in the absence of migration].

"Population projections in the absence of migration--based on observed or estimated mortality and fertility rates since 1851--help provide a long-term assessment of migration in Quebec and Canada, through the comparison of census data with the results of such projections. Without migration since 1851, Quebec would have had 12 million inhabitants in 1991 instead of the observed 7 million. For Canada, the projection [excluding] migration since 1871 results in a population of 26 million persons (without Newfoundland), this being one million less than the latest census total." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Americas↗
PubMed1993

[Aging and functional limitations: a comparative analysis of data from the HALS survey of the metropolitan region of Montreal and the province of Quebec, 1986].

"In this article, an analysis of data from the Health and Activity Limitation Survey (HALS) for the metropolitan region of Montreal (MRM) and for the province of Quebec, conducted in 1986-87 by Statistics Canada, will show that the level of disabilities and the severity of handicaps are distinctly related to ageing. This raises central questions regarding the nature of the ageing process and on the pertinent policies to be adopted. Furthermore, significant spatial differences can be observed concerning the level of disabilities for various age groups. As such, the level of disabilities is generally lower in the MRM than in the rest of Quebec, except among those aged 75 and over and for the worst degree of disability." (SUMMARY IN ENG AND SPA)

Age Factors↗
PubMed1990

Prediction of the halothane (Hal) genotypes by means of linked marker loci (Phi, Po2, Pgd) in Quebec Landrace pigs.

Quebec Landrace pigs (n = 896) were halothane tested and blood samples were taken for the determination of Phi, Po2 and Pgd phenotypes. The incidence of the halothane positive pigs was 5.3%. The frequencies of the favorable alleles PhiA, Po2S and PdgA were respectively 29.2%, 39.6% and 64.4%. The highest linkage disequilibrium was found between Hal-Phi (0.0606) followed by Hal-Pgd (0.0428) and Hal-Po2 (-0.0308). Alleles PhiB, PgdB and Po2F were associated respectively with 97%, 81% and 74% of Haln haplotypes. It was concluded that a selection in order to increase the favorable marker loci PhiA and PgdA would reduce the Haln frequency in Quebec Landrace pigs.

Alleles↗
PubMed1996

Factor V Quebec revisited.

Factor V Quebec has been described as a bleeding disorder that exhibits an autosomal dominant inheritance pattern and presents severe bleeding after trauma. Two members of a fourth-generation (IV.13 and IV.15) Canadian family have been studied in detail and are the subject of this report. Their clinical presentations and histories have been described previously (Tracy et al: J Clin Invest 74:1221, 1984). Persistent abnormalities include mild thrombocytopenia and defective platelet factor V. Plasma factor V is present at near normal concentration and is fully functional. Thus, the bleeding diathesis appears to reflect the absence of platelet factor V activity. The recent report (Hayward et al: Blood 84:110a, 1994 [suppl, abstr]) of multimerin deficiency in these individuals led us to reevaluate these patients. Western blot analyses of platelet lysates developed with a variety of monoclonal antibodies show that the alpha-granule proteins, fibrinogen, von Willebrand factor, factor V and osteonectin are decreased in concentration and significantly degraded in the platelets of these patients. Thrombospondin, while not degraded, is substantially decreased. In contrast, platelet factor 4 and beta-thromboglobulin do not appear to be affected. These observations suggest that the alpha-granules are correctly assembled but the contents are subsequently subjected to proteolytic degradation. The results indicate that factor V Quebec disorder is probably associated with a generalized defect that leads to degradation of most proteins of the alpha-granules.

Blood Proteins↗
PubMed2003

Effect of plasma C-reactive protein levels in modulating the risk of coronary heart disease associated with small, dense, low-density lipoproteins in men (The Quebec Cardiovascular Study).

This purpose of this study was to investigate how plasma C-reactive protein (CRP), a nonspecific acute-phase reactant, modulates the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) associated with the small, dense, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) phenotype. LDL particle size and plasma CRP were measured in the Quebec Cardiovascular Study cohort of 2,025 men free of CHD at baseline, among whom 103 had a first CHD event during a 5-year follow-up period. Plasma CRP levels were measured using the Behring Latex-Enhanced (highly sensitive) CRP assay. LDL particle size phenotype was characterized using 2% to 16% polyacrylamide gradient gel electrophoresis. There were weak but significant associations between plasma CRP levels and features of LDL size, such as the proportion of LDL with a diameter <255 A (r = 0.09, p <0.001) and LDL peak particle size (r = -0.09, p <0.001). Variations in plasma CRP levels modulated the risk of CHD associated with small LDL peak particle size (relative risk 4.3 vs 2.5 in men with high vs low plasma CRP levels, respectively) and with an elevated proportion of LDL <255 A (relative risk 6.6 vs 3.0). Thus, increased plasma CRP levels further elevate the risk of CHD associated with having small, dense LDL particles.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

Genome-wide linkage scan for physical activity levels in the Quebec Family study.

PURPOSE AND METHODS: It is commonly recognized that there is familial aggregation for physical activity level. However, the genes and sequence variants responsible for the familial clustering have not been investigated. We performed a genome-wide linkage scan based on 432 markers typed in 767 subjects from 207 families of the Quebec Family study with the aim of identifying loci affecting physical activity levels. Four physical activity level phenotypes were used. RESULTS: Promising evidence of linkage (P < 0.0023) was found for physical inactivity on chromosome 2p22-p16. Suggestive linkages (0.0023<P < 0.01) were found for inactivity (7p11.2, 20q13.1), total physical activity (13q22-q31), moderate to strenuous physical activity (4q28.2, 7p11.2, 9q31.1, 13q22-q31), and time spent in physical activity (11p15 and 15q13.3). CONCLUSION: This study identified several chromosomal regions harboring genes that may contribute to the propensity to be physically active or sedentary.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Au coeur de la vie: the Quebec Heart Health Dissemination Project.

"Au coeur de la vie" is a research project which aims to evaluate the impact of a heart health dissemination program on primary and secondary prevention practices in local community clinics in the province of Quebec, Canada. Because the project starts in 2001 and no data has been collected to date this paper presents the theoretical model, the objectives of the program, the description of the dissemination procedures, and a brief overview of the evaluation.

Diffusion of Innovation↗
PubMed1999

Screening decreases prostate cancer death: first analysis of the 1988 Quebec prospective randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: The 46,193 men aged 45 to 80 years registered in the electoral roll of Quebec City and its Metropolitan area were randomized in November 1988 between screening and no screening in a study aimed of assessing the impact of prostate cancer screening on cause-specific death. METHODS: At first visit, screening included measurement of serum prostatic specific antigen (PSA) using 3.0 ng/ml as upper limit of normal and a digital rectal examination (DRE). Transrectal echography of the prostate (TRUS) was performed only if PSA and/or DRE was abnormal and biopsy was then done, only if PSA was above the predicted PSA value. At follow-up visits, PSA alone was used as prescreening. RESULTS: 137 deaths due to prostate cancer occurred between 1989 and 1996, inclusively, in the 38,056 unscreened men while only 5 deaths were observed among the 8,137 screened individuals. The prostate cancer death rates during the eight-year period were 48.7 and 15 per 100,000 man-years in the unscreened and screened groups, respectively, for a 3.25 odds ratio in favor of screening and early treatment (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: If PSA screening is started at the age of 50 years (or 45 years in the higher risk population), annual or biannual PSA alone is highly efficient to identify the men who are at high risk of having prostate cancer. Coupled with treatment of localized disease, this approach demonstrates, for the first time, that early diagnosis and treatment permits a dramatic decrease in deaths from prostate cancer.

Aged↗
PubMed2001

Biological aspects of neuroblastomas identified by mass screening in Quebec.

BACKGROUND: Neuroblastoma has several characteristics that suggest that preclinical diagnosis might improve outcome. Therefore, the Quebec Neuroblastoma Screening Project was undertaken from 1989 to 1994 to examine infants at 3 weeks and 6 months by measuring urinary catecholamine metabolites. PROCEDURE: Over the 5-yr period, 45 tumors were detected by screening, 20 were identified clinically prior to the third week, and 64 were identified clinically at a later time. We analyzed available tumors for Shimada histopathology, tumor ploidy, MYCN copy number and serum ferritin. RESULTS: Of the tumors detected by screening, only 2 of 45 tested had unfavorable histology, 2 of 45 had diploid or tetraploid DNA content, 0 of 43 had MYCN amplification, and 4 of 44 had elevated serum ferritin. All of these patients are alive and well. The 20 patients detected prior to the 3-week screen had similar biological characteristics. In contrast, of the patients detected clinically after 3 weeks of age, 19 of 51 testedhad unfavorable histology, 25 of 66 had diploid or tetraploid tumors, 12 of 56 had MYCN amplification, and 14 of 54 had elevated ferritin. CONCLUSIONS: The difference between the screened and clinically detected cases was highly significant for each biological variable. Preliminary data on other biological variables, such as neurotrophin expression and allelic loss on 1 p in these patients are consistent with the above findings. These data suggest that mass screening for neuroblastoma at or before 6 months of age detects almost exclusively tumors that have favorable biological characteristics, many of which might have regressed spontaneously. Thus, continued mass screening for neuroblastoma at 6 months is unlikely to accomplish its intended goal, and should probably be discontinued.

Age Factors↗