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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

Benign multicystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a case report.

The aim of this study is to report the experience of a case of benign multicystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum presented with acute appendicitis symptomatology. A 28 years old man with right lower and upper abdominal pain was admitted into hospital. Because of the clinical picture, the symptomatology and the leukocytosis a diagnosis of acute appendicitis was made and the patient underwent appendicectomy according to Mc Burney. At laparotomy some cc of purulent fluid were sucked and a cystic mass that contained clear fluid was revealed. In consequence of the incidental diagnosis a following middle laparotomy was made with a careful surgical excision of the mass and of the appendix. Macroscopically the lesion was identified like a neoplastic mass 25 centimeters in diameter, with a multicystic and fibrous-adipose aspect, with cysts 5 centimeters in diameter. The cystic spaces were lined by a layer of eptelial cells which presented positive reaction for cytokeratin and EMA, whereas endothelium markers were absent. The ultrastructural, morphological and immunohistochemical findings were diagnostic of a benign multicystic mesothelioma.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed1975

[Plastic surgery of splenic wounds with heterogenic preserved peritoneum].

Heteroperitoneum was employed with hemostatic purposes for splenic injuries, Experiments were conducted on 80 dogs. The results of studies have evidenced the development of aseptic inflammation at the site of a contact between the spleen and a graft. The proper splenic capsule and omentum are the source of development of new connective tissues. Gradually, heteroperitoneum is subject to fibrillolysis, fragmentation and fusion. Six-seven months following the operation heteroperitoneum is completely substituted by newly-formed connective tissues. A newly-formed capsule is considerably thicker than the proper splenic capsule, and its structure differs but little from the latter. One case of clinical application of the heterogenous preserved peritoneum with hemostatic purposes in splenic trauma is described.

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Morpho-functional study of peritoneum in peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Structure and function of the peritoneal membrane (PM) are impaired on peritoneal dialysis (PD). The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between dialytic parameters and histological and functional characteristics of the peritoneum of PD patients. METHODS: A peritoneal biopsy (PB) was performed on 31 PD patients during catheter removal due to malfunction or after drop-out from treatment. PB was performed at least 5 cm from the catheter insertion. For each patient PM transport was evaluated by the last peritoneal equilibration test (PET) before PB. Each daily glucose load was calculated. Tissue was formalin-embedded and stained for histological and immunohistochemical studies. RESULTS: (1) Duration of treatment was longer in patients with mesothelial impairment. (2) Patients showing sub-mesothelial sclerosis (SS) and those with impairment of submesothelial basement membrane and subendothelial vascular membrane (SVM) were submitted to a larger daily glucose load. (3) SS exceeding 50 mm was more frequent among high transporters, who were exposed to larger daily glucose load compared to medium-high transporters. (4) Mesothelial loss correlated to SS and vascular alterations. (5) SS was related to vascular injuries but not to inflammatory infiltrate. CONCLUSIONS: SS is not constant in PD patients and is not a prominent factor in treatment drop-out. Mesothelial impairment seems to be mainly related to duration of PD treatment. Glucose load seems to mainly damage the sub-mesothelial layer.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

[Rectal angioma ruptured into the peritoneum].

The authors report on a case of rectal hemangioma ruptured into the peritoneum, successfully treated by a conservative surgical procedure. The problems associated with diagnosis and treatment are discussed.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed1976

Experimental auto-alloplastic repair of parietal peritoneum,.

Experiments were carried out on 15 dogs to repair the parietal peritoneum with an auto-alloplastic structure whose internal smooth surface was turned towards the abdominal cavity. Gross and histologic examinations have confirmed adaptation of the implant to the new environment without the formation of adhesions.

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMed2004

Morphological changes of the peritoneum in peritoneal dialysis patients.

BACKGROUND: Long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) requires that the peritoneal membrane remain effective for dialysis. Research directed toward human peritoneal morphology and structure is limited. The present study was performed to investigate morphological changes of the human peritoneal membrane during PD and to elucidate the possible mechanisms of its functional deterioration. METHODS: A total of 32 peritoneal biopsies were performed in normal subjects (n = 10), uremic nondialysis patients (n = 12) at the time of catheter insertion, and PD patients (n = 10) at the time of catheter removal or reinsertion or at the time of renal transplantation. Peritoneal morphology was examined by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. RESULTS: The peritoneal membrane in normal subjects consisted of a monolayer of mesothelial cells on a basement membrane and a layer of connective tissue containing cells, blood vessels, and lymphatic vessels. Mesothelial cells were polygonal, often elongated, and had numerous microvilli on their luminal surface. There were lots of oval or roundish pinocytotic vesicles in the cytoplasm of the mesothelial cells. The peritoneal morphology of uremic nondialysis patients was similar to that of normal subjects. However, significant abnormalities of the peritoneal membrane were observed in PD patients, and the changes were found to be progressive. Microvilli were the first site of damage which involved microvilli shortening, a gradual reduction in their number, and, eventually, the total disappearance of microvilli. Mesothelial cells then detached from the basement membrane, disappearing completely in some cases. In the end, the peritoneal membrane consisted only of submesothelial connective tissue without any cells. CONCLUSIONS: PD can modify peritoneal morphology and structure. The morphological change is progressive and may be one of the important causes of peritoneal failure. Peritoneal biopsies can provide lots of valuable information about the effects of PD. Studying the relationship between peritoneal structure and its function proved very useful for understanding the physiopathology of the peritoneum during PD.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Intraperitoneal enalapril ameliorates morphologic changes induced by hypertonic peritoneal dialysis solutions in rat peritoneum.

Peritoneal fibrosis (PF) is one of the most serious causes of technique failure in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). Although the mechanisms responsible for the genesis of PF are not well understood, angiotensin II is known to promote fibrosis and inflammation in various tissues and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) have been shown to attenuate those effects. We previously showed that ACEIs have beneficial effects on peritoneal alterations induced by hypertonic (3.86% glucose) PD solutions. In the present study, we investigated the local effects of intraperitoneal (IP) enalapril on peritoneal alterations induced by 3.86% glucose PD solution in rats on chronic PD. One week after peritoneal catheter insertion, 23 non uremic male rats were randomly divided into two groups: group A (n = 11) received 20 mL 3.86% PD solution twice daily, and group B (n = 12) received 20 mL 3.86% PD solution containing 1 mg/L enalapril twice daily. After 4 weeks of such infusions, we measured net ultrafiltration (UF) volume and obtained samples of visceral peritoneum from the liver for thickness measurement. Net UF was significantly higher (6.6 +/- 0.2 mL vs. 5.6 +/- 0.2 mL) and peritoneal thickness was significantly lower (30 +/- 5 microm vs. 52 +/- 0.8 microm) in group B. We conclude that intraperitoneal enalapril (an ACEI) protects the peritoneal membrane from the effects of hypertonic glucose. This protection might be mediated by enalapril's interference with angiotensin though inhibition of cytokine overexpression.

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum: a clinical case report].

A case of cystic mesothelioma of the peritoneum, presenting as acute appendicitis is reported. The authors stress the difficulty of a correct preoperative diagnosis of this rare tumor, which however, may be considered benign, with a good long-term prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Extragenital cystic lesions of peritoneum, mesentery and retroperitoneum of the female. Clinicopathological characteristics of 19 cases.

The clinicopathological characteristics are presented of 19 extragenital cystic lesions of female patients located at the retroperitoneum (9 cases), the mesentery (6 cases) and the peritoneum (4 cases). Median age was 42.3 years and the main symptom was abdominal pain. The cysts measured 4-27 cm in diameter and were classified as: epithelial (7/19), mesothelial (5/19), vascular (2/19), parasitic (1/19) and developmental in origin (4/19). Of the cases 18/19 were benign lesions and one case was a borderline mucinous cystic tumor. Immunohistochemistry by a streptavidin-biotin method was performed to investigate CEA transcripts (MoAb, Novosan), CA125 (MoAb, CIS Diagnostics), vimentin (MoAb Ve6, Novocastra), secretory component (a polyclonal antibody, DAKO), Factor VIII (MoAb, DAKO), CD34 (MoAb, Scytec), calretinin (a polyclonal antibody, Zymed, San Francisco, CA). Cytokeratins were of low and high molecular weight (Immunon, AE1-MoAb). The results are helpful in the correct classification of various tumors. The treatment of choice is complete surgical resection of the tumors.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[The effect of asbestos cement, UICC asbestos samples and quartz on the peritoneum of the mouse].

Aqueous suspensions of asbestos cement powder injected experimentally into the peritoneal cavity of mice act as a fibrogenic agent, as do chrysotile asbestos or chrysotile asbestos-containing soil samples. The fibrotic nodules caused by the dust resemble morphologically silicosis granulomas. In addition, asbestos cement has a characteristically strong cytotoxic effect during the first 2 weeks of the experiment. It is suggested that this is due to the chrysotile asbestos and/or the calcite component of the powder. Amosite and crocidolite, on the other hand, induce a diffuse peritoneal fibrosis with the appearance of numerous foreign body giant cells and asbestos bodies. Dust particles displaced to the regional lymph nodes are frequent in the animals treated with quartz, asbestos cement and asbestos-containing soil samples. A spindle cell type sarcoma arising from the visceral peritoneum is observed in animals injected with crocidolite or asbestos cement. In addition, dusts containing chrysotile asbestos induce considerable amyloidosis of the liver and spleen.

Amyloidosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

T lymphocytes: the "cellular" arm of acquired immunity in the peritoneum.

T cells are an important part of the acquired immune response and target specific antigen with their T cell receptor. The peritoneum is a special milieu within which T cells react. We describe briefly the anatomy important for T cell function. T cell biology including antigen presentation, T cell activation, and the different T cell subpopulations are reviewed. We also define innate and acquired immunity and describe the role of polymorphonuclear cells and peritoneal mesothelial cells in the regulation of leukocyte population recruitment during peritonitis. We focus particularly on peritoneal lymphocytes and compare them to the regular lymphocyte populations in the circulation. We illustrate the role of PMCs in antigen presentation and discuss the changes of CD4+ helper T cell subtypes (Th1 and Th2) during peritoneal dialysis. The role of CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their possible destructive role for the peritoneal membrane modified by advanced glycation end products are discussed. Polymorphonuclear cells play an important role in the regulation of inflammation and immunity. We describe their possible role in supporting T cells and particularly for generating memory CD8+ T cells by secretion of interleukin-15, a potent T cell growth factor. Light is shed on gamma8T cells, a special T cell population that is able to recognize antigens without the restriction of antigen presentation. We end our review with a description of regulatory T cells. This cell population is extremely important in preventing autoimmunity and in the regulation of acquired immunity.

Antigens, CD↗
PubMed1991

Squamous metaplasia of the peritoneum.

The capacity of the peritoneal serosa to undergo metaplasia to müllerian-type epithelium is well recognized. We report a case of squamous metaplasia of the peritoneum that was studied by light microscopy. Immunohistochemical techniques, and electron microscopy. The pathogenesis of peritoneal squamous metaplasia is obscure, but may be a response to chronic irritation.

Adult↗
PubMed1976

Regeneration of parietal and visceral peritoneum: an enzyme histochemical study.

The healing of parietal and visceral peritoneum has been studied by the techniques of enzyme histochemistry in an attempt to define more precisely the type of cell responsibile for forming the new mesothelium. The changes occurring in the distribution of the following enzymes throughout the course of healing have been investigated: acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, ATPase and non-specific esterase. Regenerating mesothelial cells have been found to have several enzyme histochemical properties in common with subperitoneal connective tissue cells. It has not been possible to distinguish between primitive mesenchymal cells and subperitoneal fibroblasts by the histochemical techniques used in this study and therefore the study has not been fruitful in determining whether the new mesothelium arises from primitive mesenchymal cells or subperitoneal fibroblasts. The present study does, however, lend weight to the view that the new mesothelium is not derived from peritoneal macrophages.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1990

[Surgical treatment of cervical and vaginal cancer by means of the synchronized extraperitoneal-vaginal radical operation and the neovagina technic using the peritoneum].

In the period from 1976 to 1986 we operated 350 cases by the technique of combined extraperitoneal-vaginal radical synchronized hysterectomy in cases of uterus and vagina cancer. We analyzed 236 cases and compared them with the control group operated by the technique of Wertheim and modifications. There is a considerable difference in operative and post-operative complications. There are less complications in the examined group of patients operated by the technique of combined synchronized extraperitoneal-vaginal radical operation. We introduced the technique of partial neovagina formation at the place of the resected one, by means of the anterior and posterior plica peritoneum by which we are able to preserve the normal length of the vagina. By the means of this technique we operated 21 patients; out of that 15 were with cancer of the uterus cervix, 6 with vagina cancer, and in 3 of them, a complete vaginectomy was performed, and a complete neovagina made.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Cholesterol granuloma of the peritoneum.

Cholesterol granulomas are common in the mastoid region but have rarely been reported in other areas. The authors report the case of a 40-year-old man who had a cholesterol granuloma of the peritoneum. They discuss the morphology of the condition and the difficulties of diagnosis. It is likely that chronic or recurrent inflammation plays a major role in the pathogenesis and that, when dealing with such lesions preoperatively or intraoperatively, a radical approach may not be necessary.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of pyrazinoic acid on the transport function of the peritoneum--experimental studies].

Bidirectional transport of the urea, uric acid and albumin across parietal peritoneum was investigated in vitro under both normal conditions and following an administration of pyrazinoic acid. It was found that pyrazinoic acid decreased urea and uric acid transport from interstitial to mesothelial surface of the peritoneal membrane but did not affect the transport in reverse direction. Bidirectional transport of albumin remained unchanged. The obtained results are similar to those reported earlier and suggest that pyrazinamide actions are partially selective.

Albumins↗
PubMed1990

[Determination of the activity of lysosomal enzymes in the blood and of the morphometric indices in the peritoneum in acute diffuse peritonitis].

The dynamics of activity of lysosomal enzymes in the blood, morphometric indices in the parietal peritoneum was studied in 217 patients with acute diffuse peritonitis depending on the severity of the process. It was established that patients suffering of acute diffuse peritonitis through showing to a certain extent similar clinical picture differ, however, by their morphochemical indices. Comparing the activity of catepsin-D, relative specific volume of erythrocytes (V), density of distribution of polymorphonuclear leucocytes (N) it may be suggested that catepsin values over 16.9 ast. un (min, mg), V--over 0.4 conv. un., N over 4.04 conv. un indicate irreversible changes in the tissues.

Acute Disease↗