Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Patch Tests”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1988

[Multicenter survey related to the frequency of positive patch tests with mercury and thiomersal].

A multicentric study concerning the frequency of positive allergic patch test reactions to mercury and to thiomersal has been conducted in France and in Belgium among 2,000 adult patients submitted to routine patch testing. 73 (3.6 p. 100) patients had a positive patch test to mercury and 47 (2.3 p. 100) to thiomersal, 22 (1.1 p. 100) reacted positively to both mercurials. These high figures are most probably in relation with a broad use of mercurials in both countries, as antiseptics as well as preservative agents in topical drugs. They lead to a careful use of mercurials, which have to be avoided when they can be advantageously replaced by other antiseptics or preservative agents. As far as cosmetics are concerned, the use of mercurials (chemical nature and concentration) is restricted by a Recommendation of the European Council.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Increase in contact allergy to fragrances: patch-test results 1989-1998.

We report the results of patch tests with fragrance-mix as a part of the standard series carried out over the last 10 years (1989-1998) during routine testing of 6129 patients in our department. 5.9% of the total number of patients who were patch tested were positive to fragrance mix. The sex ratio was 2.3:1 with a female predominance. In 1989-1993, the frequency of contact sensitivity to fragrance mix was 3.9% (4.9% for females and 2.1% for males). This rate rose both in female and male patients during the observed period of time and attained 8.9% (females) and 4.1% (males) in 1994-1998; the overall frequency in 1994-98 was 7.5%. This rising trend, which was statistically significant, might be the consequence of an increased use of cosmetics and toiletries containing fragrances in our population.

Allergens↗
PubMed1997

[Contact eczema induced by propylene glycol. Concentration and vehicle adapted for for patch tests].

INTRODUCTION: Contact dermatitis to propylene glycol, a widely used compound, is often difficult to evidence with skin tests. CASE REPORTS: We observed three cases of contact eczema to a dermal cream (Zovirax) used for labial herpes simplex. Patch-tests were positive in all three cases when the entire product was used but negative for each of the constituent components. The initial diagnosis could be an allergic reaction to the composition between the components as has been described elsewhere. Skin tests were completed with patch-tests using propylene glycol at concentrations over 5 p. 100 or with a vehicle other than vaseline (commercial tests use 5 p. 100 propylene glycol in vaseline). The results of these tests provided evidence allowing the diagnosis of contact dermatitis to the dermal cream due to allergic reaction to propylene glycol. DISCUSSION: Our three cases illustrate the frequency of false negative reactions to propylene glycol on commercial patch-tests. In agreement with data in the literature, these tests show that propylene glycol must be used at concentrations up to 10 to 20 p. 100 to identify allergic reactions with patch-tests.

Acyclovir↗
PubMed1975

Influence of local triamcinolone acetonide on patch test reactions to nickel sulfate.

The influence of local application of triamcinolone acetonide on patch test reactions was investigated in patients with a contact allergy to nickel sulfate. In 15 patients the reaction to patch tests with a mixture of 5% nickel sulfate and 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide in petrolatum was compared with the reaction to 5% nickel sulfate in petrolatum. In eight patients the test area on the skin was infiltrated with triamcinolone acetonide or saline solution after which test were performed with nickel sulfate. In eight patients the test area was pretreated with 0.1% triamcinolone acetonide cream or the cream base alone before the patch tests with nickel sulfate were done. In general, all three methods gave partial suppression of the size of the reaction.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Correlation between clinical scoring of allergic patch test reactions and optical coherence tomography.

Noninvasive imaging techniques might be of particular diagnostic value for studying and monitoring cutaneous inflammatory conditions such as contact dermatitis. We evaluate acute allergic contact dermatitis (AACD) by means of optical coherence tomography (OCT) and correlate the clinical grading of patch test reactions with the findings obtained from OCT. Twenty positive patch test reactions (+, n = 6; ++, n = 7; +++, n = 7) are investigated using a conventional OCT scanner. In comparison to the control sites, OCT of AACD showed pronounced skin folds, thickened and/or disrupted entrance signals, and a significant increase in epidermal thickness. Moreover, clearly demarcated signal-free cavities within the epidermis and considerable reduction of dermal reflectivity are demonstrated by OCT. Notably, the latter findings strongly correlate with the clinical patch test grading. OCT may be a useful tool for visualization of micromorphological features of AACD. However, before OCT can be employed as an objective parameter in grading severity of patch test reactions, larger studies are required that correlate clinical patch test readings and OCT findings with histopathology.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Role of the skin patch test in diagnosing food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis.

UNLABELLED: The aim of the study was to determine peculiarities of food allergy in children with atopic dermatitis and to evaluate the significance of skin patch test in determining the main food allergens. METHODS: One hundred and eight children (57 boys and 51 girls) with atopic dermatitis were examined. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed by standard diagnostic criteria, severity of the progress of the disease was determined using SCORAD index and the amount of total IgE in blood, skin prick and patch tests with the main food allergens were performed. RESULTS: The age of the patients varied from 6 months to 16 years, however, almost half (41%) of them were toddlers (1-3 years old). Mild form of atopic dermatitis was dominating (52%). Analysis of the total IgE amount in blood showed different degree of sensitivity of the children tested. Normal amount of the total IgE in blood was found in 73.1% of children with atopic dermatitis, and the increased total IgE amount was found only in 26.9% of children. Positive skin prick test with the standard and the most common food allergens was found only in 4.63% of children with atopic dermatitis, while the positive skin patch test with 25 food allergens was found in 68.5% of children. Depending on the type of the allergic reaction, immediate type reaction dominated only in 10.3% of children with atopic dermatitis, while the delayed type allergic reactions were characteristic to food allergies in 48.3% of children with atopic dermatitis. Food allergy was not found in one fifth of children with atopic dermatitis. CONCLUSIONS: Skin patch test is an informative and reliable diagnostic test in evaluating the delayed type allergic reactions. In about half of the tested persons with atopic dermatitis, food allergy appeared in delayed type allergic reactions. Therefore it is very important to do the skin patch test for toddlers and pre-school age children. The most common allergens found with the help of skin patch test are soy, milk, peanuts, carrot, egg whites, wheat, and corn.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Reactions to other corticosteroids in patients with positive patch test reactions to budesonide.

BACKGROUND: Corticosteroid cross-reactions have been classified into four well-defined groups. A previous study of patch test reactions to other corticosteroids in patients allergic to hydrocortisone failed to conform to these groups. It was suggested that substitution at the C6 and C9 positions of the corticosteroid was the most important determinant of a further reaction. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to analyze multiple positive patch tests to corticosteroids in patients sensitized to budesonide to confirm our earlier findings. METHODS: Forty-six patients with positive patch tests to budesonide were patch-tested to 17 other topical corticosteroids. The results were examined by a generalized linear model and a chi-square test. RESULTS: Substitution of the corticosteroid at the C6 and C9 positions significantly reduced the number of reactions. A different substitution at the C16 and C17 positions was less important, and that at the C21 position was of no significance. CONCLUSIONS: Patients sensitized to budesonide are most likely to react to other non-C6 and non-C9 substituted corticosteroids.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
PubMed1988

Study of irritant contact dermatitis produced by repeat patch test with sodium lauryl sulfate and assessed by visual methods, transepidermal water loss, and laser Doppler velocimetry.

Eleven subjects received patch tests with 2% sodium lauryl sulfate on a total of 34 anatomic sites. The irritant effect was monitored by visual means, laser Doppler velocimetry, and measurement of transepidermal water loss. After 1 week, repeat patch tests with 2% sodium lauryl sulfate were performed on the same site, and the effect was monitored as before. Although the skin had returned to normal or near normal before the repeat patch test, an augmented response to irritation was generally seen after the repeat patch test, particularly in transepidermal water loss, which showed an augmented response in 29 of the 34 anatomic sites. The clinical implications regarding the healing of contact irritant dermatitis are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Flare-up reactions after oral challenge with nickel in relation to challenge dose and intensity and time of previous patch test reactions.

BACKGROUND: In this study we have taken an interest in systemic exposure to nickel in patients with delayed hypersensitivity to nickel. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to more closely investigate the importance of factors such as ingested nickel dose, time interval between nickel patch testing and oral nickel challenge as well as degree of nickel hypersensitivity in relation to flare-up reactions. METHODS: Thirty nickel-sensitive female subjects were patch tested with a serial dilution of nickel sulfate in water on 4 different test occasions during a period of 7 months. One month after the last patch test the patients were randomly divided into 3 different groups. The patients in the groups were challenged orally with a placebo capsule, 1.0 mg nickel, or 3.0 mg nickel. RESULTS: None of the patients challenged with placebo had flare-up reactions of earlier patch test sites, but 2 of the patients challenged with 1.0 mg nickel and all of the patients challenged with 3.0 mg nickel had flare-up reactions. There were significantly more flare-up reactions of the most recent patch test sites (1 month) compared with the most distant (8 months) test sites. There was also a statistically significant positive correlation between the intensity of previous positive patch tests and the flare-up reactions. CONCLUSION: In the assessment of the possibility of systemic allergic contact dermatitis from nickel, the dose as well as the intensity and time since previous nickel eczema have to be considered.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Phenytoin hypersensitivity syndrome with positive patch test. A possible cross-reactivity with amitriptyline.

A 34-year-old woman, after 2 weeks of treatment with phenytoin and amitriptyline, developed fever and cutaneous lesions consisting of a generalized maculopapular rash and eosinophilia. Her biochemical data showed abnormal liver functions with increased levels of SGOT, SGPT, LDH, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and alkaline phosphatase. The skin biopsy pattern was compatible with phenytoin drug eruption of the erythemamultiforme-like type (lymphocytic exocytosis, isolated dyskeratotic cells, vacuolation of basal cells and incontinence of pigment). The patch tests were positive with phenytoin (patch test biopsy showed a typical eczematous pattern). The patch test with amitriptyline was negative. An oral challenge with amitriptyline showed an erythematous maculopapular rash. The challenge with phenytoin was not carried out because the previously abnormal liver function tests contraindicated the challenge. Although there are a few cases reported, the patch tests could be useful for diagnosing phenytoin allergy. Cross-reactivity between phenytoin and amitriptyline is possible.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1981

Influence of topically applied corticosteroids on patch test reactions.

Four commercially available corticosteroid preparations were assayed for their capacity to suppress patch test reactions with contact allergens (nickel sulfate, nitrofuralum, potassium dichromate, epoxy resin, wood tars and Maneb) in sensitized individuals (n=14). Beta-methasone valerate, betamethasone dipropionate, hydrocortisone-17-butyrate and triamcinolone acetonide (0.05-0.7% solutions in isopropanol or ethanol) were applied under occlusion in amounts of 0.01, 0.02 and 0.04 ml, respectively. Patch tests were performed on the pretreated skin sites. The patches were removed 24 h after application and the reactions were read 15 min and 24 h later. The intensity of the reactions and the size of the infiltrated areas of the pretreated sites were measured and compared with those of a control patch test. Topical application of corticosteroids was found to have a suppressive effect both on the intensity as well as on the size of the epicutaneous reactions. No marked difference in the suppression effect of the four corticosteroids could be observed.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1985

Patch tests with fragrance materials and preservatives.

179 patients suspected of cosmetic allergy were patch tested with a series of 16 fragrance materials and 9 preservatives. In 67 patients (37.4%), 1 or more of these substances gave positive reactions. In the group of fragrance materials, the largest numbers of positive patch test reactions were seen to isoeugenol, oak moss, geraniol, alpha-amylcinnamic alcohol, and a mixture of alpha-amylcinnamic aldehyde and alpha-hexylcinnamic aldehyde. The fragrance mix in the ICDRG standard series detected nearly 80% of cases of contact allergy to fragrance materials other than its constituents. In the group of preservatives, Kathon CG and quaternium-15 scored the highest number of positive reactions. It is argued that the commonly used patch test concentrations of 2% for oak moss and geraniol may be too low to detect all cases of sensitization.

Cosmetics↗
PubMed2003

Patch testing with fine fragrances: comparison with fragrance mix, balsam of Peru and a fragrance series.

High frequencies of contact allergy to fragrance ingredients have been reported in recent years. Only approximately 70-80% are detected by fragrance allergens in the standard patch test series. This investigation compares the patch test reactions to fine fragrances with reactions to fragrance mix (FM), balsam of Peru (BP) (Myroxylon pereirae resin) and a fragrance series. 641 consecutive patients with eczema were patch tested with the European standard series and with selected fine fragrances. Those who were positive to 1 of the fine fragrances or the FM or BP were also tested with the fragrance series. 95 (14.8%) patients were found to have a positive patch test reaction to FM or BP; 41 (6.4%) had positive results to fragrance no. 1 and 29 (4.5%) to no. 2. 9 (9.5% of the 95 positive patients) had a positive reaction to fine fragrances and a negative reaction to all other fragrance allergens in the standard series. These findings indicate that testing with fine fragrances can add to our evaluation of fragrance-sensitive patients.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Nickel sensitivity: relationship between history and patch test reaction.

The prevalence of nickel sensitivity in 415 young adults was examined by patch testing with nickel sulphate 5% in pet. Before testing the persons filled in a questionnaire about personal or family history of atopy and skin reactions after metal contacts. Nickel sensitivity was found in 2.8% of males and 9.8% of females; 13 out of 28 persons with a history of metal contact dermatitis had negative patch test reactions to nickel; eight out of 23 persons with positive patch test reactions to nickel had never experienced skin reactions from metal contacts. These findings indicate that nickel sensitivity cannot be reliably predicted from pretest historical information.

Adult↗
PubMed2007

Is it possible to improve the patch-test diagnostics for isocyanates? A stability study of petrolatum preparations of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate.

We have previously shown that the concentration of diphenylmethane-4,4'-diisocyanate (4,4'-MDI) in commercial test preparations was so low that patch testing with the same was not reliable. The stability of 4,4'-MDI in petrolatum (pet.) was compared with pet. preparations of polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate (PMDI), which consists of a complex mixture of monomeric isomers and oligomers of MDI. Preparations of 4,4'-MDI and PMDI were stored under 3 different conditions, i.e. at room temperature, refrigerated and frozen. They were analysed continuously during 1 year with regard to the content of 4,4'-MDI, 3-ring oligomers and 4-ring oligomers using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. PMDI preparations kept frozen were stable for a year. All other preparations failed to fulfil the requirements of stability, i.e. +/-20% of the initial concentration. Storage in a freezer prolonged the lifetime for 4,4'-MDI. The decrease in concentration for preparations kept at room temperature and refrigerated was less rapid in PMDI preparations than in 4,4'-MDI preparations. PMDI preparations are better suited for patch testing patients exposed to MDI because they are more stable and homogeneous than 4,4'-MDI preparations. They better reflect possible allergens that workers are exposed to because products used in industry contain both monomers and oligomers.

Chromatography, Liquid↗
PubMed1998

Comparison testing of the irritancy of children's liquid bubble bath using a modified human repeat insult patch test.

BACKGROUND: Bubble baths are common products used by parents with young children. Some dermatologists and pediatricians do not recommend the use of these products. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to compare the irritancy of nine children's liquid bubble bath solutions. METHODS: A modified human repeat insult patch test (HRIPT) was used to rank order the irritancy of nine bubble bath preparations. Erythema, scaling, and fissuring were evaluated at the patch test sites. RESULTS: The nine products tested varied in their ability to cause irritation. Based on the degree of erythema, the least irritation was produced with Sesame Street Fresh Apple Splash bubble bath. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that there are differences in the irritancy of brands of children's liquid bubble bath and that recommendations can be made by both dermatologists and pediatricians when parents choose to use these products on their children.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Patch testing of nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate with a standardized ready-to-use test system gives highly reproducible results: a double-blind multicentre study.

There is still some doubt about the reproducibility of patch tests. A sound assessment needs optimized and unbiased studies. This study analysed the results of a double-blind multicentre study with nickel sulfate and potassium dichromate patch tests attached synchronously to both sides of the back of patients with a history of nickel allergy, conducted with a highly standardized randomized test system (TRUE-test). Out of 589 patients tested, a total of 388 had responded with allergic reactions to nickel sulfate and 130 to potassium dichromate. The reproducibility of positive nickel (dichromate) patch tests was 99.2% (90.8%). The reaction index was also calculated, which relates the number of allergic reactions obtained with a test preparation to the number of questionable and irritant reactions; the reaction index can range from -1 (questionable and irritant reactions only occur) to 1 (allergic reactions only occur). For nickel sulfate the reaction index was 0.91, but it was only 0.23 for potassium dichromate, as a result of considerably more questionable reactions. In conclusion, a highly synchronous reproducibility of results can be achieved by using a well-standardized patch-test system, especially with nickel sulfate. However, distinct allergens and test systems need to be evaluated separately.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Beryllium skin patch testing to analyze T cell stimulation and granulomatous inflammation in the lung.

Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is characterized by granulomatous inflammation and the accumulation of CD4(+) T cells in the lung. Patch testing of CBD patients with beryllium sulfate results in granulomatous inflammation in the skin. We investigated whether the T cell clonal populations present in the lung of CBD patients would also be present in the involved skin of a positive beryllium patch test and thus mirror the granulomatous process in the lung. CBD patients with clonal TCR expansions in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were selected for study. All three CBD patients studied had a positive response to beryllium sulfate application and a negative patch test to normal saline. Immunohistochemistry showed extensive infiltration with CD4(+) T cells and few, if any, CD8(+) T cells both at 3 days and at later times when granulomas were apparent. T cell infiltration early after skin testing appeared to be nonspecific with the TCR repertoire of infiltrating T cells being distinct from that present in BAL. At later times when granulomas were present, T cell clones in skin overlapped with those in BAL in all patients tested. Total TCR matches in skin and BAL were as high as 40% in selected Vbeta T cell subsets. Studies of peripheral blood T cells before and after patch testing provided evidence for mobilization of large numbers of pathogenic beryllium-reactive T cells into the circulating pool. These studies using skin patch testing provide new insight into the dynamics of T cell influx and mobilization during granulomatous inflammation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗