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Results for “Paranoid Behavior”

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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Adolescent personality disorders associated with violence and criminal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood.

OBJECTIVE: A community-based, longitudinal prospective study was conducted to investigate whether personality disorders during adolescence are associated with elevated risk for violent behavior during adolescence and early adulthood. METHOD: A community-based sample of 717 youths from upstate New York and their mothers were interviewed in 1983, 1985-1986, and 1991-1993. Axis I and II disorders were assessed in 1983 and 1985-1986. Antisocial personality disorder was not assessed because most participants were less than 18 years of age in 1983 and 1985-1986. Violent behavior was assessed in 1985-1986 and 1991-1993. RESULTS: Adolescents with a greater number of DSM-IV cluster A or cluster B personality disorder symptoms were more likely than other adolescents in the community to commit violent acts during adolescence and early adulthood, including arson, assault, breaking and entering, initiating physical fights, robbery, and threats to injure others. These associations remained significant after controlling for the youths' age and sex, for parental psychopathology and socioeconomic status, and for co-occurring psychiatric disorders during adolescence. Paranoid, narcissistic, and passive-aggressive personality disorder symptoms during adolescence were independently associated with risk for violent acts and criminal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood after the covariates were controlled. CONCLUSIONS: Cluster A and cluster B personality disorders and paranoid, narcissistic, and passive-aggressive personality disorder symptoms during adolescence may increase risk for violent behavior that persists into early adulthood.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Scleroderma cerebritis, an unusual manifestation of progressive systemic sclerosis.

A 42-year-old female with scleroderma experienced two exacerbations in which behavioral changes were the main clinical features. On both occasions she presented with paranoid delusions, perceptual aberrations, and disorientation. After treatment with corticosteroids, the patient's mental status returned to normal, and her electroencephalogram showed an increase in alpha wave frequency, which is consistent with a resolving delirium. Unlike systemic lupus erythematosus, scleroderma rarely involves the central nervous system. This case illustrates an unusual manifestation of progressive systemic sclerosis, primary cerebral involvement which presented as an acute organic brain syndrome. Connective tissue diseases, notably systemic lupus erythematosus, often present neuropsychiatric symptoms. Despite the fact that there appears to be a clinical and pathological continuum among the connective tissue diseases, an organic psychosis rarely occurs in progressive systemic sclerosis (scleroderma. Described here is a patient with scleroderma in whom behavioral abnormalities were the main features of two exacerbations of the disease.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Cocaine sensitization and craving: differing roles for dopamine and glutamate in the nucleus accumbens.

The repeated administration of cocaine produces enduring neuroadaptations that are associated with enhanced behavioral responsiveness to cocaine administration and lead to cocaine addiction and the manifestation of paranoid psychosis. This review describes the effect of chronic cocaine administration on dopamine and glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens, and discusses the relevance of these changes in the initiation of drug craving and relapse to drug abuse. Recent findings suggest that glutamate transmission in the nucleus accumbens is a dominant precipitator of relapse to drug-seeking activity, whereas both dopamine and glutamate transmission are important for sustaining drug-taking behavior.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2002

Improving medication compliance of a patient with schizophrenia through collaborative behavioral therapy.

Introduction by the column editors: Numerous factors influence a patient's decision to accept or reject prescribed medications, including the patient's personal values, environmental conditions, and the quality of the patient-physician relationship (1). Guidelines for evaluating and managing noncompliance with medication regimens by patients with schizophrenia take this multidimensional perspective into account, emphasizing functional assessment of nonadherence behaviors and individualized behavior-change strategies to secure and maintain the patient's cooperation (2). Moreover, a collaborative approach to planning pharmacotherapy is required to ensure medication compliance, with a particular emphasis on linking the positive effects of medications with the patient's personal goals and desires for better functioning and quality of life (3). The following case study illustrates the application of principles for enhancing medication compliance in the treatment of a woman diagnosed as having schizophrenia, paranoid type. Strategies presented by Dr. Heinssen include collaborative treatment contracts, analysis of adherence behaviors, and techniques for boosting medication cues and reinforcers in the patient's home. The therapy described was provided in the Life Skills partial hospitalization and psychiatric rehabilitation program, a multidisciplinary, multilevel outpatient service of the now-closed Chestnut Lodge Hospital in Rockville, Maryland. The program integrated medical, social-learning, and cognitive-behavioral interventions for psychosis within a psychiatric rehabilitation framework.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy↗
PubMed1997

Psychodynamic perspectives on psychosis and psychotherapy. II: Practice.

Psychodynamic theory has a contribution to make to the overall care and management of people suffering from psychosis. The research literature in support of these contributions is reviewed and key psychodynamic concepts of value in understanding psychosis are illustrated by the case example of a two-year supportive psychodynamic psychotherapy with a man experiencing paranoid and grandiose delusions. The contribution psychodynamic approaches may make to currently evolving cognitive--behavioural therapies, and to the overall provision of care are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Increasing frequency of the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder.

OBJECTIVE: This study attempted to document a hypothesized increase in the frequency of the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder at a large psychiatric teaching hospital and to investigate correlates of this trend. METHOD: The annual rates of psychiatric discharge diagnoses at the hospital from 1969 to 1990 were reviewed, and the frequency of the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder was compared with that of paranoid disorders. Correlations were also done on these diagnostic rates and the rates of reports in the literature in the same years on each of these types of disorders and their treatment. RESULTS: The frequency of the diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, but not paranoid disorders, increased markedly during the 1980s. This increase was associated strongly and selectively with increases in publications about that disorder, particularly reports on drug and behavior therapy. CONCLUSIONS: There has been a large recent increase in the rate of diagnosis of obsessive-compulsive disorder, evidently associated with advances in the study and treatment of the disorder. The observations suggest the influence of a treatment-oriented diagnostic bias in which clinicians may more readily consider and diagnose a condition for which an innovative or effective treatment is available.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1987

A systematic method for clinical description and classification of personality variants. A proposal.

A systematic method for clinical description and classification of both normal and abnormal personality variants is proposed based on a general biosocial theory of personality. Three dimensions of personality are defined in terms of the basic stimulus-response characteristics of novelty seeking, harm avoidance, and reward dependence. The possible underlying genetic and neuroanatomical bases of observed variation in these dimensions are reviewed and considered in relation to adaptive responses to environmental challenge. The functional interaction of these dimensions leads to integrated patterns of differential response to novelty, punishment, and reward. The possible tridimensional combinations of extreme (high or low) variants on these basic stimulus-response characteristics correspond closely to traditional descriptions of personality disorders. This reconciles dimensional and categorical approaches to personality description. It also implies that the underlying structure of normal adaptive traits is the same as that of maladaptive personality traits, except for schizotypal and paranoid disorders.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The profiles of clinical deterioration in schizophrenia.

Deterioration has been a part of the description and process of schizophrenia since Kraepelin. The underlying nature of these neurodynamic deficit processes remains unknown, but their clinical manifestations demonstrate somewhat predictable patterns of expression and progression. Symptomatically, strong affects and positive psychotic symptoms in the early course become less conspicuous with time and are replaced by more thought disorder, disorganized behavior, negative symptoms and deficit cognitive states. Subtypes, when unstable, drift from paranoid to disorganized and undifferentiated and from non-deficit to deficit. Longitudinal data from the schizophrenia sample of the Chestnut Lodge follow-up study illustrate some of these patterns. While the data remain heterogeneous, it is likely these deficit processes begin some time before the first manifest signs and symptoms of illness in the prodromal phase and are time limited, diminishing in activity at or shortly after onset in the majority of cases. Currently these processes appear irreversible but anecdotal experience with treatment in the very early phases of schizophrenia suggests that brain plasticity may be retained and that efforts at preventing deterioration should become a focus of active scientific clinical research.

Disease Progression↗
PubMed1988

Primary process content in paranoid schizophrenic speech.

Free speech samples given by paranoid schizophrenics, nonschizophrenic paranoids, and nonpsychotic psychiatric patients were submitted to computerized content analysis. Speech samples were searched for words belonging to the Regressive Imagery Dictionary (Martindale, 1975), which yields a well-validated measure of primary process content. Three word-concreteness dictionaries were also employed. Compared to the other groups, paranoid schizophrenics produced speech higher in primary process content as well as in transitive verb concreteness. Results are consistent with psychoanalytic theory.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Psychiatric problems of alcoholics.

In this overview of the psychiatric disorders and problems associated with alcoholism and alcohol abuse, true psychiatric illness which may account for excessive alcohol use is differentiated from the psychiatric sequelae of chronic alcoholism. This distinction is emphasized because of its important practical implications for treatment.

Affective Symptoms↗
PubMed1980

Chronographic speech patterns of acutely psychotic patients. A preliminary note.

This study was a preliminary attempt to explore the likelihood that, for psychiatric patients, amount of vocal activity (relative to silence) reflects degree of psychopathology and change with treatment. Five acute schizophrenic patients (two men and three women) were each seen in three interviews by one of two interviewers. After each interview, the interviewer evaluated the extent of his patient's pathology in terms of the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, and he and the patient separately completed a questionnaire designed to elicit their perceptions of the interview. The results reveal that the relative amounts of the patients' vocal activity were negatively related to the interviewers' ratings of their general level of psychopathology and were also related to several aspects of their perceptions and the interviewers' perceptions of the interview. However, the number of interviews per patient was too few to permit an evaluation of treatment effects.

Adult↗