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Results for “PLASTER CASTS”

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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

A novel method of applying a split cast.

Split plaster casts have been shown to be better than back slabs at accommodating increasing intracompartmental pressure due to swelling. Splitting a wet plaster cast can be time consuming and difficult both for the patient and the medical staff. We describe a novel method of applying a split plaster of Paris cast, which is safe, quick, convenient and inexpensive.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed2002

A new model for the immobilization of the rat hind limb.

An alternative device for the immobilization of the hind limb of the rat was developed to study the effects of chronic disuse on the soleus and tibialis anterior muscles, maintained for 3 weeks in the shortening and the stretching positions, respectively. The proposed device is made of steel mesh and cotton materials, and has some advantages when compared to cast or plaster cast: it is cheaper, lighter (12 g or 4% of the body weight of the rat) and the same unit can be easily adjusted and used several times in the same animal or in animals of similar size. Immobilization is also useful to restrain the movements of the hip, knee, and ankle joints. Male rats (291 +/- 35 g and aged 14 +/- 2 weeks) were used to develop and test the model. The soleus muscle of 18 rats was maintained in a shortened position for 21 consecutive days and lost 19 +/- 7% of its length (P = 0.008) and 44 +/- 6% of its weight (P = 0.002) compared to the contralateral intact muscle. No difference (P = 0.67) was found in the stretched tibialis anterior of the same hind limb when compared to the contralateral muscle. No ulcer, sore or foot swelling was observed in the animals. Immobilization was effective in producing chronic muscle disuse in the hind limbs of rats and is an acceptable alternative to the traditional methods of immobilization such as cast or plaster cast.

Adaptation, Physiological↗
PubMed2007

Assessing the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system: digital vs plaster dental casts.

INTRODUCTION: The purposes of this study were to determine whether the American Board of Orthodontics objective grading system (ABO OGS) can be assessed accurately from digital dental casts and whether there are statistical differences between digital and plaster dental casts in scoring the ABO OGS. METHODS: Thirty posttreatment plaster dental casts were selected and scanned by OrthoCAD (Cadent, Carlstadt, NJ) to produce 30 corresponding digital dental casts. The plaster and digital casts were compared by using the criteria of the ABO OGS. Because the data were ordinal, a nonparametic statistical analysis was used. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon test for paired samples showed significant differences between the plaster and digital casts for occlusal contacts, occlusal relationships, and total scores (P <.05). No significant differences were found for alignment, marginal ridges, overjet, and interproximal contacts. Buccolingual inclination was not included in this study because of inability to perform proper measurements with the OrthoCAD program. Mean differences of points deducted ranged from .03 point for marginal ridges to 5.07 points for the total score. The variable with the most points deducted related to occlusal relationships, and the fewest points were deducted for interproximal contacts. CONCLUSIONS: Based on this study, the current OrthoCAD program (version 2.2) was not adequate for scoring all parameters as required by the ABO OGS.

Certification↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of mercaptan impression storage conditions on linear dimensional changes in improved plaster-stone casts].

A study was conducted on the influence of storage conditions of mercaptan molds on the linear dimensional alterations occurring in improved plaster-stone casts. Two types of storage were used: A) in which the molds were left on the bench for 5 minutes at 25 degrees C and 55% relative humidity; and B) in which the molds were placed in an incubator at 37 degrees C and 100% relative humidity for 40 minutes. Casts were built using 5 different brands of improved plaster-stone, 5 casts per brand. Thus, considering the 2 types of storage, the 5 brands of plaster-stone and the 5 replications, a total of 50 improved plaster-stone casts were constructed. The linear dimensional alterations were measured with the aid of a linear measurement microscope, which measured the space between two hemisections of the standard fixed bridge, both when the fixed bridge was adapted to the master cast and to the plaster cast.

Calcium Sulfate↗
PubMed2000

Interventions for isolated diaphyseal fractures of the ulna in adults.

BACKGROUND: Isolated fractures of the shaft of the ulna, which are often sustained when the forearm is raised to shield against a blow, are generally treated on an out-patient basis. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of various forms of treatment for isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft in adults. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Injuries Group trials register, MEDLINE (1976 to August 1999), EMBASE (1981 to September 1999), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (up to Issue 4, 1999), and bibliographies of trial reports. Date of the most recent search: August 1999. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised or quasi-randomised trials of conservative and surgical treatment of isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft in adults. Excluded were fractures of the proximal ulna and Monteggia fracture dislocations. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Independent quality assessment and data extraction were performed by all reviewers. Requests for more information were sent to trialists. Given the limited and poor quality evidence available, quantitative analysis was kept to a minimum. MAIN RESULTS: Two small trials of conservative treatment, involving a total of 106 patients were included in this review. Both trials were of poor quality. One randomised trial compared short arm pre-fabricated functional braces with long arm plaster casts. There was no statistically significant difference in the time it took for fracture union. Patient satisfaction and return to work were better in the brace group. The other quasi-randomised trial compared Ace Wrap elastic bandage, short arm plaster cast and long arm plaster cast. The large loss to follow-up in this trial makes any data analysis tentative. However the need for replacement of the Ace wrap by other methods due to pain does indicate the potential for a serious problem with this intervention. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence from randomised trials to determine which method of treatment is the most appropriate for isolated fractures of the ulnar shaft in adults. There is a need to establish the incidence of this injury and the outcome and associated costs of the various forms of treatment. Well designed randomised trials of current forms of conservative treatment are recommended.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Properties of a hybrid plaster-fibreglass cast.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the suitability of a plaster-fibreglass hybrid cast for orthopedic applications, comparing them to plaster of Paris (POP) and fibreglass constructs. METHOD: Groups of 10 standardized hybrid, POP and fibreglass casts were studied. An Instron servohydraulic system was used to test the casts in 3-point bending and shear. OUTCOME MEASURES: Strength, stiffness, weight, thickness and cost of the 3 types of cast, and shear strength at the interface between the POP and fibreglass in the hybrid casts. RESULTS: The hybrid casts were twice as strong as the POP constructs, were stiffer and weighed 14% less but were thicker and cost 2.5 times more. They were almost as strong as and less than half the cost of the fibreglass constructs but were thicker, not as stiff, and weighed 42% more. The shear strength of the POP-fibreglass interface in the hybrid casts was higher than the 3-point bending strength of this construct by a factor of 3. CONCLUSIONS: Plaster-fibreglass hybrid casts should be considered for orthopedic use on the basis of their strength, stiffness, weight and cost, combined with their acknowledged advantages of good moulding ability and water resistance.

Analysis of Variance↗