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PubMedDate not supplied

[Comparative value of parasitological investigations and immunological reactions in the post-therapeutic surveillance of chronic urinary schistosomiasis].

A comparative evaluation of parasitological (in urine and R. M. B.) and immunological (IgE and I. F. I.) investigations in the post-therapeutical course of the urinary schistosomiasis was carried out in a group of 25 patients treated with niridazole and on a group of 25 patients treated with 35 972 RP. The recovery must be based on both the disparition of eggs simultaneously in urine and R. M. B., the former is not sufficient because eggs could be found in R. M. B. when absent in urine. IgE and I. F. I. reaction gave conflictual data in the evaluation of the treatment.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Parasitological diagnosis of onchocerciasis. A critical review of present methods (author's transl)].

The different methods used for the parasitological diagnosis of onchocerciasis are compared to test their reliability, sensitivity and practicability under field conditions in the Sudan-Savanna area. Two skin snips taken from both iliac crests with a sclerocorneal punch give the best results during large scale field surveys. The incubation of biopsies in normal saline solution is the most sensitive technique and the results may be further improved by filtration on millipore filter-paper and collagenase digestion. However, counting microfilariae emerged after 30 minutes in distilled water is the easiest method and gives a reasonably good reliability for comparison of the results in space and time. The lack of sensitivity can be compensated for by incubation of the negative specimen during 24 hours in saline solution.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1994

Parasitological appraisal of TFX-thymomodulin effect on the course of intestinal and muscular invasion in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis.

Studies were undertaken to evaluate by parasitological techniques the course of intestinal and muscular invasions in mice infected with Trichinella spiralis and treated with TFX-Thymomodulin (TFX-Th). Studies were conducted on 120 mice of BALB/c and SWISS strains, infected each with a mean invasive dose of 300 T. spiralis larvae. TFX-Th (Thymoorgan GmbH Pharmazie Co. KG, Vienenburg, Germany) was administered subcutaneously at 30 mg/kg body weight. Depending upon duration of TFX-Th administration and stages of intestinal and muscular invasions, three experiments were distinguished in the study. The results indicated that TFX-Th promoted eradication of larvae from muscles, whether administered at the early of the late stage of T. spiralis invasion.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Og4C3 circulating antigen, anti-Brugia malayi IgG and IgG4 titers in Wuchereria bancrofti infected patients, according to their parasitological status.

This study involved 221 microfilaremic (Mf+), 302 amicrofilaremic (Mf-) antigen positive (AG+) and 1454 Mf-antigen negative (AG-) individuals living in endemic villages. Whatever the group considered, antigen and antibody titers were widely distributed. Og4C3 antigen, detected both in Mf- and Mf+ patients, was significantly higher in Mf+ patients. The Mf parasitological status did not significantly influence the antifilarial antibodies levels in the infected AG+ individuals, although IgG4 was more discriminant. In the supposedly uninfected individuals (Mf-AG-), anti-filarial IgG and IgG4 could be detected in a large proportion of the group. Og4C3 circulating antigen test was confirmed to be a good marker of active Wuchereria bancrofti infection.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Evaluation of the parasitologic technics used in the diagnosis of human Trypanosoma gambiense trypanosomiasis in the Ivory Coast].

The investigators carried out a comparative evaluation of twelve or parasitological techniques used nowadays in the diagnosis of human trypanosomiasis and parasite isolation in the lymph fluid, blood and cerebro-spinal fluid (CSF). The tests were performed on 64 seropositive suspects selected with TESTRYP-CATT among 661 attendants examined at the Projet de Recherches Cliniques sur la Trypanosomiase (PRCT), Daloa, Côte-d'Ivoire. The study showed that the sensitivity of the different techniques varies between 17.2% (for CSF inoculation to Mastomys) and 84.5% (for the anion exchange centrifugation technique-mAECT). The classical techniques, says lymph fluid examination, direct blood examination and thick blood have a sensitivity of 58.6, 22.4 and 34.5% respectively. The most sensitive methods are lymph fluid examination, mAECT and double centrifugation of CSF (69%). The sensitivity increases up to 98.3% with the combination of two or three techniques. The combination of lymph fluid examination/mAECT/double centrifugation of CSF is either the most sensitive and the most suitable one for use in the field. The combination of lymph fluid examination and mAECT which detects 91.4% of the infected subjects is the most efficient. The authors discussed the results and recommended that similar study be done in field conditions to assess methods which either demonstrated better sensitivity and are more suitable for field use.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Parasitological and clinical characterization of Simulium neavei-transmitted onchocerciasis in western Uganda.

In the forests of western Uganda onchocerciasis is transmitted by Simulium neavei s.s. Since little is known about the infection transmitted by this vector, a survey was made in 1991 with special regard to adult persons of 15 years and older in the 13 villages of the parish Kigoyera 40 km northeast of Fort Portal. 3268 (52%) of the 6271 registered inhabitants were examined clinically and parasitologically. The highest microfilaria (mf) densities were found on the buttocks, lower ones on the shoulders and the lowest on the ankles. In the parish the standardised prevalence of mf carriers was 62%. The crude prevalences of adult mf carriers ranged from 80% to 95% in the 13 villages. Densities of 100 mf/snip or more were found in 25% of male persons. The community microfilarial load (CMFL) in skin snips from the buttocks was 49 mf/snip, ranging from 22 to 93 in the 13 villages. The standardised prevalence of nodule carriers was 25% and the mean nodule load was 1.9 nodules per nodule carrier. Among 3420 nodules 90% were found on the pelvic girdle. The standardised prevalence of onchocercal dermatitis was 19%. The crude rates ranged within the age groups in males from 20% to 45% and in females from 16% to 41%. The standardised prevalence of persons presenting mf in the anterior chamber of the eye was 24% and the CMFL in the anterior chamber ranged between 1.2 and 3.3 mf/chamber in six villages. Standardised rates were 1.6% for sclerosing keratitis and 0.9% for reduced vision of 3/60 or less. These prevalences of eye lesions are comparable to those observed in West African forest areas. The CMFLs and the prevalences of mf and nodule carriers represent suitable criteria for community diagnosis of S. neavei-transmitted onchocerciasis in Uganda to guide ivermectin treatment, whereas the prevalence of "leopard skin" is not useful. Immigrants living less than five years in the endemic focus should be excluded from the assessment of mf carrier rates and those living there less than ten years from rapid assessment of nodule carrier rates.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

[Comparative parasitological stool studies using the methods of Kato & Miura, Lawless, Heine and BIOSEPAR].

Twenty evidences of parasites were found in 152 stool-samples in comparison of parasitological stool-examinations according to Kato & Miura, Lawless, and Heine with the new diagnostic system BIOSEPAR. Advantages of the system BIOSEPAR: Recording of protozoans and helminths at the same time; not any contacts with samples of examination and reduction of risk of infection. Advantages of the other methods: Saving of material and time; evidence per slide also of smaller numbers of parasite stages; better chance to differentiate the stage of protozoans.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The application of parasitologic tests for malaria in health centers in southern Cameroon].

The correct diagnosis of malaria requires a parasitological blood examination. A survey has been carried out in rural and urban health centers of the Center Province in Cameroon to evaluate the practical use of thick smears for the diagnosis of malaria. A total of 28 health centers were visited (17 government health centers and 11 belonging to Christian missions). None of the 17 government health centers had all the materials necessary to prepare blood smears (slides, vaccinostyles, cotton, reagents for staining, microscope, immersion oil). Ten out of 11 laboratories of the missions health did so. The abilities of the microscopist were tested by using 2 thick smears, one with 2 or 3 trophozoïtes of Plasmodium falciparum per field, the other being negative. Six out of 24 microscopists failed to give a correct diagnosis. This survey shows the need to improve laboratory equipment in public health centers and for regular training of microscopists.

Blood Specimen Collection↗
PubMed1994

[Multicenter study of toxoplasma serology using various commercial ELISA reagents. Work Group Toxoplasmosis of the National Agency for Quality Control in Parasitology].

A collaborative study conducted by the French National Agency for Quality Control in Parasitology (CNQP) and various manufacturers of ELISA kits, represented by the Association of Laboratory Reagent Manufacturers (SFRL) compared the toxoplasmosis IgG antibody titres obtained with different ELISA-IgG kits and determined the relationships between the titres obtained by these techniques and the titre defined in international units (IU). Fifty-one serum samples with toxoplasmosis antibody titres ranging from 0 to 900 IU were tested in two successive studies with 16 ELISA-IgG kits. For the negative sera, false-positive reactions were observed with one kit. For the positive sera, the titres observed in ELISA were generally higher than those expressed in IU. Above 250 IU, the very wide variability of the titres found with the different ELISA kits renders any comparative analysis impossible. For titres below 250 IU, the results are sufficiently homogeneous to permit the use of regression analysis to study how the results for each ELISA kit compare with the mean results for the other kits. The slope of the line of regression shows a tendency to over-titration or under-titration compared with the results of the other manufacturers; the ordinate at the origin reflects the positivity threshold of the reaction and can be used to assess the risk of a lack of sensitivity (high threshold) or of specificity (threshold too low). On the whole, the trends revealed for a given manufacturer are constant from one study to the other. Within this range of titres, regression analysis also reveals the general tendency of ELISA kits to overestimate the titres by comparison with immunofluorescence.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Oral contraceptive pills in experimental schistosomiasis mansoni: parasitological, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural studies.

This study examines the effect of intake of oral contraceptive steroid in S. mansoni infected mice as regards parasitological, biochemical, histopathological and ultrastructural changes. Three groups were studied group I: S. mansoni infected mice received contraceptive pills six weeks post-infection (p.i.), group II: S. mansoni infected control and group III: non-infected control. Administration of oral contraceptive pills to S. mansoni infected mice results in significant reduction in tissue egg count with a high percentage of dead eggs as observed in the oogram study. There was statistically significant increase in all parameters of the hepatic functions except the prothrombin activity which showed significant decrease. Histopathological examination revealed less cellular granulomas with marked fibrosis, foci of hyperplastic changes in the liver cells and accentuation of cellular degenerative changes. On the subcellular level, there were marked proliferation and dilatation of rER and SER, evident increase of ribosomes, alteration in mitochondrial cristae with intra luminal inclusions and increase glycogen content of hepatocytes.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

Irrigation with waste water: parasitological analysis of soil.

In third world countries, the agricultural use of treated wastewater represents an interesting solution. A recent report of W.H.O. shows the importance of strict parasitological criteria for such reuse. The aim of this paper is to study the conditions under which Ascaris eggs have been recovered from artificially contaminated soils (sandy, clay or loamy soil, mould garden). The eggs elution has been carried out from soil particles using various solutions (detergents, distilled water, formaldehyde, sodium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite). The recovery percentage analysis showed the superiority of the sodium hypochlorite solution titrating 10 chlorometric degrees, whatever the soil type. The eggs concentration in the eluates has been carried out through the flotation technique by testing various reagents with densities ranging from 1.16 to 1.44. The zinc sulphate solution at 50%, 55% and 66% prove to be flotation agents that are well adapted to this sampling type. By carrying out the elution with a sodium hypochlorite solution titrating 10 chlorometric degrees and the concentration by flotation with a zinc sulphate solution at 55% the recovery percentages, which are independent of the parasitic load, vary from 66 to 78%.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1993

[Parasitological efficacy of repeated treatments with ivermectin in an onchocerciasis focus in north Cameroon].

321 adults living in an hyperendemic onchocerciasis focus in North-Cameroon who received a first dose of ivermectin (150 micrograms/kg) in 1987 and a total of three, four or five doses from 1987 to 1991 were parasitologically examined in 1992. The prevalence of skin microfilariae (PMf) and the geometric mean microfilarial load (GMMf) were respectively reduced by 33 and 97% from the initial values in the group of subjects who received five treatments. In 1992, the PMf and the GMMf were not significantly different in the groups which received three, four or five doses of ivermectin. It is not necessary to achieve an important drug coverage to maintain a tolerable level of infestation in the community.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Clinical and parasitological aspects on human scabies in Qualyobia Governorate, Egypt.

In the last decade, human scabies caused by Sarcoptes scabiei and other non human strains is one of the most common contagious parasitic disease. Over a period of one year (June 1991--May 1992), a total of 200 scabietic patients were diagnosed in the outpatients' clinic of Dermatology and Venereology, Benha University Hospitals. They were 120 females and 80 males (sex ratio = 1.5:1). Their ages ranged between three months up to 70 years old. Most of the patients were parasitologically positive (160 or 80%). The most common signs and symptoms were itching, skin burrows, scratch markings, papules and pustules. Regional lymphadenitis was sometimes present as well as fever in patients with secondary bacterial infection. The most affected sites were the abdomen (100%), followed by the buttocks (81.3%), the thigh (50%), legs (50%) and the arms and web spaces (62.5%). The male external genitalia was infested in 60% and the female breast was infested in 72.7%. The sex and site distribution of the infestations were attributed to the risk factor of exposure to infestation. The patients were successfully treated with 5% sulfur precipitate and 2-5% permethrin. The whole results were discussed on the light of the previous work.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

[Malaria in the village of Yaounde (Cameroon). 3. Parasitological study in 2 central districts].

A parasitological study of malaria was carried out in two central districts of Yaounde (Cameroon) for one year. The Essos district was built near marshy shallows. The Obili district was comparable to Essos but there were many poorly maintained fish breeding pounds. Surveys were carried out quarterly in each district with a sample of 22 and 16 families at Essos and Obili respectively. The whole members of the families were examined. The study showed that the plasmodic index cumulated for the two districts was 25.4 +/- 2.7% (n = 960). The gametocytic index was 1.7 +/- 0.8% and the parasitic density was 310 parasites/microliters of blood. A significative difference in the plasmodic index was observed between the two districts: 28.7 +/- 3.6% (n = 592) in Essos and 20.1 +/- 4.1% (n = 368) in Obili (p < 0.02). The plasmodic index was higher in the 6 to 15 age group (37.5%) but the higher parasitic density was observed in the 0 to 5 age group (1,100 parasites/microliters of blood). Seasonal variations were noticed with the higher indexes in small dry season and the lower indexes in the big dry season.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of economic activities altering water resources on the parasitological situation].

The possibilities and results of impact of some economic activities of man, which alter the hydrological regimen of reservoirs and territory irrigation on the parasitological situation in their area are outlined in the paper. It shows that in some cases economic activities favour the spread and incidence of diseases and in other cases they may lead to a reduction in the rate of infection, make the focus extinct.

Agriculture↗
PubMed1995

[External quality control of the parasitological diagnosis of Cryptosporidium parvum].

Between 1991 and 1994, eight external quality assessments of Cryptosporidium parvum infection diagnosis were performed. Stool specimens were sent to 74 laboratories, to be stained and examined. In 40 laboratories (54.1%), the diagnosis was correct in all evaluations, whereas in 34 (46%), the diagnosis disagreed with the parasitology reference laboratory in one occasion or more. The mean correlation of diagnoses with the reference laboratory was 88% (range 79-96%). Ninety-three percent of negative samples and 87% of positive samples were correctly diagnosed. These figures are similar to those obtained abroad. These results lead to the development of a quality control network for the diagnosis of Cryptosporidium parvum infections along the country, aiming to improve its reliability.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Enteric parasitology. Interpreting laboratory reports.

Intestinal parasites are common in the stools of human beings. With care and due attention to the techniques of testing, they are relatively easy to find. Unfortunately, deciding on the clinical importance of stool findings is often difficult. This article is an introduction and guide to interpreting enteric parasitology laboratory reports.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

The efficacy of ivermectin in treating rabbits experimentally infected with Eimeria as indicated parasitologically and histologically.

Ivermectin (Ivomec) was used as coccidiocidal drug against Eimeria in experimentally infected rabbits as indicated parasitologically & histologically. Twenty Bosskat rabbits, were divided in to 5 groups, 3 groups were inoculated with 1000 sporulated oocysts and the other 2 groups were kept as negative controls with and without Ivermectin administration. Ivermectin (1:10) was injected subcutaneously in a dose of 0.5 ml in animals of groups 1,2 & 3. The treatment of group (1) was on the 4th day A.I. and on the 4th day and 7th day A.I.in group (2). The treated animals with one or two doses showed mild coccidiosis with very few number of oocysts deposition & rapid intestinal regeneration with degenerated Eimeria developmental stages, especially the asexual ones.

Animals↗