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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

Past and future prospects of orthoptic liver transplantation.

The hopes for liver transplantation have been increased by experience with the new immunosuppressive drug cyclosporin A. Optimal therapy with cyclosporin A has required steroid therapy, but the amounts of prednisone used have been a small fraction of those used in the past.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

OKN asymmetries in orthoptic patients: contributing factors and effect of treatment.

Monocular optokinetic nystagmus (MOKN) was measured (EOG) in response to horizontally moving square wave gratings (0.2 c/deg, 27 and 35 deg/s) in 58 children with amblyopia and/or strabismus (experimental group); the data were compared with that collected from 24 children (aged 3-8 years) with no visual problems (control group). We found OKN asymmetries most often associated with strabismus of early age of onset (less than 2 years). In these children the MOKN asymmetry often occurred in both eyes. In children with later onset strabismus the asymmetry was often confined to the amblyopic eyes. We repeated the measurements on 18 experimental children after 1-3 years of treatment (patching the dominant eye) and compared the results with those recorded in 12 fully binocular control children retested after 1-2 years. Large OKN asymmetries before treatment were still present after the patching treatment. However there was a small, but significant (P = 0.05, t-test), improvement in the nasal-temporal (N-T) slow-phase velocity in the affected eyes of the experimental group, which was not correlated with improvements in visual acuity or linked to the presence of strabismus and/or amblyopia. The main contributing factors to asymmetric OKN affecting both eyes of early onset strabismus seem to be to poor binocularity which would not improve during patching treatment. OKN asymmetries in amblyopic eyes may also result from reduced cortical sensitivity from that eye, which may be minimally improved by patching treatment. Our results suggest a shorter sensitive period of development for OKN pathways than for the development of cortical visual pathways.

Amblyopia↗
PubMed1998

[The diagnosis and imaging of the a. hepatica after orthoptic liver transplantation--a comparison of frequency-modulated and amplitude-modulated color Doppler sonography].

PURPOSE: We examined whether amplitude-modulated color Doppler (power Doppler) sonography provides a better anatomic imaging of the vascular course of the hepatic artery after liver transplantation. PATIENTS AND METHODS: 82 patients were examined with Doppler sonography after liver transplantation. The distal section of the hepatic artery was imaged both with frequency-modulated color Doppler (color Doppler) and power Doppler and a Doppler spectrum derived from each mode for determination of the flow velocity. RESULTS: Native imaging of the hepatic artery was possible in 78/82 patients, in 2/82 patients only after administration of Levovist, and in 2/82 patients it could not be seen. In these two patients the diagnosis of hepatic artery occlusion was confirmed by angiography. The anatomic course was demonstrated more longitudinally by power Doppler than by color Doppler (p < 0.001; chi 2 test) which made the angle correction easier. A disadvantage of power Doppler was the lack of image contrast to the portal veins; thus evaluation of the vascular course in this section was better possible with color Doppler by means of a specifically generated aliasing in the flow of the hepatic artery (p < 0.001; chi 2 test). Determination of the flow velocity showed no significant differences between color and power Doppler supported duplex sonography. CONCLUSIONS: The combined use of color Doppler and power Doppler improves visualization of the hepatic artery after liver transplantation. The lack of visualization of the vessel after administration of Levovist is diagnostic for occlusion of the vessel.

Adult↗
PubMed1982

[Contact lens correction of post-traumatic unilateral aphakia. Late visual and orthoptic results].

From 1978 to 1981 total of 122 perforating eye injuries were treated in the eye department of the Salzburg provincial clinic. In 25% of the cases treated the opacified lens had to be removed. The authors followed up 35 patients with unilateral post-traumatic aphakia. Of these, 27 proved suitable candidates for contact lenses. Visual function was good in 15 patients, but reduced in 12 due to post-traumatic changes. Ten patients achieved binocular vision, while in 12 it was possible to restore binocular vision by appropriate measures. The paper deals particular with the restoration of binocular vision and maintenance of binocular function in cases of unilateral post-traumatic aphakia.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

[The effect of acute cellular rejection on liver function following orthoptic liver transplantation. Quantitative functional studies with the 14C-aminopyrine breath test].

To test the effect of acute cellular rejection on liver function as represented by cytochrome-P-450 enzyme activity, the 14C-aminopyrine breath test (ABT) was performed prospectively in 46 patients (31 men, 15 women; mean age 48 [15-66] years) who had undergone a total of 50 orthotopic liver transplantations. Routine biochemical tests were performed daily until the 30th postoperative day, while the ABT was done daily on days 1-10 and three times weekly on days 11-30, and liver puncture biopsies were obtained once weekly or more often if there was clinical suspicion of rejection. Histologically confirmed cellular rejection occurred within the stated period of observation in eight patients (five women, three men; median age 45 [18-59] years). Results of routine laboratory tests (transaminases, bilirubin, thromboplastin time), as well as bile-flow and body temperature, did not vary uniformly. On the other hand, results of ABT at the time of rejection showed a decrease in all patients by an average of 65% (P < 0.01). Changes in the ABT preceded those in other tests by 1-2 days in four patients, being the only measurable functional abnormality in one. All rejection episodes responded to glucocorticoid pulse-treatment (three times 1 g methyl-prednisolone). Using ABT results as criterion, liver function became normal after the glucocorticoid injection within 4-11 days. These data indicate that the ABT is suitable in the routine monitoring of transplant function, thus facilitating early diagnosis and controlled treatment of acute cellular rejection.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1988

[Cumulative functional rates of orthoptic dialysis fistulas and interposition grafts].

The function of 221 dialysis shunts was investigated retrospectively in 111 patients of an outpatient haemodialysis centre. The mean age of the patients was 58 years. Of 221 recorded shunts, 171 were direct arteriovenous fistulas, while 50 were interposition grafts. The longest observation period was almost 20 years (227 months). The cumulative function rate was evaluated by the life table method; primary patency (until first revision) was differentiated from total function (revisions included). The direct fistulas as compared to the grafts had a significantly (P less than 0.05) higher primary function rate (median 35 vs. 13 months) and after 36 months also a significantly longer total function (median 76 vs. 28 months). Complications were significantly (P less than 0.05) more frequent in grafts than in fistulas (61/50 vs 120/171). Surgical revisions of fistulas failed significantly more often (P less than 0.05) than revisions of grafts (137/171 versus 26/50). Grafts on the forearm had significantly worse results as compared to grafts or fistulas on the upper arm (P = 0.03). In contrast to age, sex and underlying disease of patients a blood pressure less than 130/70 mmHg was a significant risk factor for shunt failure (P = 0.002). Analysis of primary function shows (clearer than the total patency rate) that a direct fistula is a better vascular access in haemodialysis patients than a graft.

Actuarial Analysis↗