Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Musculoskeletal Development”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Simulation and animation of musculoskeletal joint system.

This paper describes the development of computer-based software for three-dimensional geometric data base of the human musculoskeletal system. Using a computer graphics workstation, a user of the software will interactively display detailed information about the muscles, tendons, ligaments, bone, and joint anatomy. This software will enable a wide range of health care workers to visualize complex physiological data. In addition to geometric and visual realism, this software will include kinematic relationships which allow the calculation and display of the motion and forces of the joints, muscles, and tendons. This will permit a user to interactively move joints or tendons and display the resulting motion of the surrounding tissues, as well as internal reactive forces and joint pressure distribution. A two-dimensional version of this software is currently being used for knee and hip osteotomy preoperative planning, total joint replacement prosthesis design and dimensional selection, and osteochondral allograft sizing and reconstruction using radiographic data.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1996

The effect of heavy work on the musculoskeletal system of dockers.

In compass of 1989-1995 all in all 388 dockers were examined, including 136 stevedores, 128 operators of mechanic equipment, 74 hoistmen and 73 retired stevedores. Out of the group of 508 stevedores that in 1989 was selected for the purpose of the study, at the end of 1995 there were 136 still working, and out of 141 operators 128 remained in employment. The number of the hoistmen working did not change. The stevedores perform heavy and a very heavy loading labour, the rest moderate and light. The highest number of changes was found in the lumbar segment of the spine-totally 56.2%, then in the sacroiliac articulations-totally 50.6%, in the cervical spine-totally 34.4%, within the shoulder girdle-33.1% and in the thoracic segment of the spine-26.3%. In stevedores these proportions were higher. A transfer to a lighter work or retirement could not inhibit the degenerative process within the musculoskeletal system. Evaluating the development of the disease in the period of observation, a progress of the pathological process was observed. No relation between the loss of fitness in stevedores and their body mass could be found. The mean time of the disease tended to increase with age of the examined. In a considerable number of the subjects a casual connection between the changes in the musculoskeletal system and the work performed was revealed.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed1992

Individual and work related factors associated with symptoms of musculoskeletal complaints. I. A quantitative registration system.

A registration system for symptoms of occupational musculoskeletal injuries has been developed and evaluated. The system is based on the recording of two aspects of the pain sensation: the intensity (five point scale) and the frequency (three point scale) of pain. The two primary indicators are summed to give a combined symptom score. The scoring system was evaluated in terms of its ability to predict the probability of a medical consultation due to a musculoskeletal pain problem. The intensity and frequency parameters were shown to contribute significantly and to carry equal weight when optimising the symptom score by a logistic regression analysis. In the scoring of pain symptoms a distinction was made between pain experienced during and outside working hours and only the first category was included. The separation eliminated some symptoms that the workers did not consider work related (mostly due to migraine, arthritis). Repeated interviews of 14 subjects showed, however, that this procedure could cause classification problems.

Absenteeism↗
PubMed2004

Fatal leptospirosis presenting as musculoskeletal chest pain.

After holidaying in Vanuatu, a 24-year-old man presented with pleuritic chest pain and chest wall tenderness thought to be musculoskeletal in origin. He developed fatal acute renal failure, jaundice, respiratory failure, myocarditis and rhabdomyolysis. Subsequent serological results showed a rise in serum titre of antibodies to Leptospira grippotyphosa, from 1 : 50 to 1 : 800, consistent with acute infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Sonography of the musculoskeletal system.

High-resolution ultrasound is an imaging technique with increasing applications in the musculoskeletal system. With the development of high-frequency, realtime transducers, detailed images of small superficial structures can be provided. Tendons, muscles, and subcutaneous tissues can be assessed for disruption, masses, or fluid collections. Foreign bodies can be localized to guide surgical excision. Increased use of this diagnostic tool may lead to new applications as the technology improves.

Bone and Bones↗
PubMed2000

Stress from working conditions among home care personnel with musculoskeletal symptoms.

A large proportion of the working population experiences musculoskeletal symptoms, which affect the individual's quality of life. Neck/shoulder and/or low back complaints are common among home care personnel. This occupational sector is characterized by high physical and psychosocial demands and the staff is typically female. The aim of this qualitative study was to gain a deeper understanding of those factors in the work environment of home care personnel that the individuals perceive as demanding and problematic. Eight employees in the home care service were interviewed in depth. Each interview was transcribed and Grounded Theory was applied. Stress, related to demanding physical and psychosocial working conditions, emerged as the core variable that probably contributed to the development and maintenance of musculoskeletal symptoms. Financial cut-backs at the municipality was seen as a cause of the demanding working conditions. In future studies it is important to evaluate prevention programmes focused upon coping strategies against stress.

Communication↗
PubMed2001

Hip dysplasia in rabbits: association with nest box flooring.

PURPOSE: To study etiologic aspects of hip dysplasia in a colony of Dutch-belted rabbits. METHODS: Rabbits used in the study were part of a reproductive toxicologic study. Incidence of hip dysplasia among 296 Dutch-Belted rabbit kits raised on waxed cardboard, smooth Plexiglas, or Plexiglas covered with textured adhesive strips was recorded. All animals were examined at 2 to 4 weeks of age for inability to adduct one or more limbs, then were classified as normal or dysplastic. A subset of 16 juvenile male rabbits (4 normal, 12 affected) raised on Plexiglas flooring were given a physical examination at 12 weeks of age followed by complete necropsy. In four animals (one normal, three affected), pelvic radiography and neurologic examination were performed. RESULTS: Seven percent of the rabbits kits reared on waxed cardboard flooring and 22% of those reared on smooth Plexiglas flooring developed hip dysplasia. Animals reared on Plexiglas floor with traction strips did not have evidence of hip dysplasia. Among the animals selected for detailed analysis, body weight was similar between rabbits with or without splay leg. Affected animals had splaying of one or both hind limbs, various degrees of flattening and reduction of the size of the femoral head, subluxation of the hip, valgus deformity, and patellar luxation. Histologically, there was marked thickening of the hip joint capsule with fibrocartilage formation, mild trabecular bone loss, and bony sclerosis of the proximal portion of the femur and adductor muscle hypoplasia. CONCLUSIONS: Provision of non-slippery flooring during the postnatal period is critical in preventing development of hip dysplasia in rabbits. Hip dysplasia resulted in significant musculoskeletal changes, but not abnormal neurologic development.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2004

Trapezius muscle motor unit activity in symptomatic participants during finger tapping using properly and improperly adjusted desks.

Work-related musculoskeletal disorders in the neck-shoulder area and upper extremities are common among computer users, especially women. We compared temporal changes of motor unit (MU) activation in the trapezius muscle during finger tapping using both appropriate and inappropriate ergonomic desk adjustments. Sixteen intensive and nonintensive computer users with either moderate or severe musculoskeletal disorders participated in the study. Six-channel intramuscular electromyographic (EMG) signals and 2-channel surface EMG were recorded from 2 positions of the trapezius muscle. A statistically significant increase in activity was observed with a desk adjusted 5 cm higher than appropriate and was attributable mainly to increased duration of MU activity. Participants with severe symptoms activated more MUs, and these were also active longer. In women, on average, MUs were active nearly twice as long as in men during the same tapping task. This study demonstrates that it is possible to evaluate ergonomic topics on the MU level and that incorrectly adjusted office equipment, in addition to motor demands imposed by the work task, results in prolonged activity of MUs. A potential application of this research is an increased awareness that certain individuals who work with incorrectly adjusted office equipment may be at greater risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗
PubMed1999

The effect of personality type on muscle coactivation during elbow flexion.

A great deal of interest has been generated recently regarding the influence that psychosocial factors may have on the reporting of and disability associated with work-related musculoskeletal disorders. The current study considers the potential influence of one psychosocial factor--personality type--on basic neuromuscular control strategies and biomechanical loading. The study investigated the hypothesis that Type A people exhibit increased muscular antagonism relative to their Type B counterparts. Volunteers participated in an EMG-based biomechanical study to investigate the coactivation patterns of the major muscles that span the elbow joint during elbow flexion exertions. Results showed that, averaging across all conditions, the antagonist muscle activity was significantly higher for Type A individuals than for their Type B counterparts (10% of maximum for Type A, 5.5% of maximum for Type B). Although the study was somewhat limited in its size and scope, the results indicate that certain psychosocial factors may be more than a filter in postinjury response and may directly influence biomechanical loading. A potential application of this research is an increased awareness that certain individuals may be at greater risk of developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

A survey of decision-making processes in the treatment of common shoulder ailments among primary care physicians.

To encourage consistent care for patients with musculoskeletal complaints, the AAOS developed treatment algorithms to aid primary care physicians in the management of these patients. A survey was designed to assess whether a random group of primary care physicians treated their patients in a manner consistent with these algorithms. The AAOS algorithm for shoulder pain was used to develop a questionnaire for primary care physicians. An Internet company provided access to a national base of physicians who volunteered to complete the survey. Ten questions were presented on five shoulder conditions: rotator cuff disease, fractures, instability, arthritis, and frozen shoulder The "correct" answer was based upon the AAOS algorithm. The survey was completed by 706 physicians who treated variable (one to greater than ten) numbers of shoulder patients per month. Forty-eight percent of the physicians treated acute trauma according to the algorithm, 87% treated arthritis, and 58% treated instability. Only 46% of physicians chose the correct answer for an acute rotator cuff tear and 29% for chronic rotator cuff symptoms. Forty-four percent followed the algorithm for frozen shoulder. Overall only 49% of the patients described were treated according to the AAOS algorithms. Based on the number of shoulder patients seen each month, in one month over 2000 patients could be tested by the surveyed physicians in a manner inconsistent with the treatment algorithms, suggesting the need for improved musculoskeletal education for primary care physicians.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2007

Fiber type composition and maximum shortening velocity of muscles crossing the human shoulder.

A study of the fiber type composition of fourteen muscles spanning the human glenohumeral joint was carried out with the purpose of determining the contribution of fiber types to overall muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) and to estimate the maximum shortening velocity (V(max)) of those muscles. Muscle biopsies were procured from 4 male cadavers (mean age 50) within 24 hr of death, snap frozen, mounted, and transversely sectioned (10 microm). Slides were stained for myofibrillar ATPase after alkaline preincubation. Photoimages were taken of defined areas (100 fibers) using the Bioquant system, and fiber type and CSA were measured from these images. Staining for mATPase produced three different fiber types: slow-oxidative (SO), fast-oxidative-glycolytic (FOG), and fast-glycolytic (FG). On average, the muscle fiber type composition ranged from 22 to 40% of FG, from 17 to 51% of FOG, and from 23 to 56% of SO. Twelve out of the 14 muscles had average SO proportions ranging from 35 to 50%. V(max) was calculated from the fiber type contribution relative to CSA and shortening velocity values taken from the literature. The maximum velocities of shortening presented here provide a physiological basis for the development of human shoulder musculoskeletal models suitable for predicting muscle forces for functionally relevant tasks encompassing conditions of muscle shortening and lengthening.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed2005

Physiotherapy management of low back pain in Thailand: a study of practice.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders in both developed and developing countries. Whilst there have been a number of studies investigating the current physiotherapy management of LBP in the former, little is known about such management in developing countries. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the physiotherapy management of LBP in Thailand and to compare the results with those of developed countries where applicable. METHOD: A cross-sectional survey was undertaken to collect information on physiotherapists, LBP patients and treatment interventions used, using a Thai version of an available (English) questionnaire. Subsequent to a pilot study with 32 Thai therapists, minor revisions were made and the final questionnaires were mailed to all 776 physiotherapists currently working throughout Thailand. RESULTS: Responses were received from 559 therapists (a 77.2% response rate), and 502 of these were currently involved in LBP management. Results indicated that LBP patients made up, on average, 37.5% of their patient caseloads. Electrophysical modalities, especially hot packs (64%), ultrasound (61%) and mechanical traction (61%), were reported to be the most commonly used treatments, particularly by hospital-based therapists, whereas those working in university-based hospitals and private clinics were more likely to use manual therapy. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides descriptive data from the therapists' perspective about LBP management and shows that the treatments most commonly used are different from those treatments commonly used in developed countries. The potential reasons for this are explored in this paper and recommendations are made for further research.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

In vivo enhanced expression of patched dampens the sonic hedgehog pathway.

The sonic hedgehog (SHH)-patched (PTCH) pathway functions in normal embryonic development of the brain, musculoskeletal system, and hair follicles, and in normal post-natal control of hair follicles. Dysregulation of the pathway has been implicated in a variety of neoplasias, including those of skin and brain. Based on the knowledge that generalized, prolonged PTCH expression can inhibit the effects of SHH signaling, we tested the hypothesis that localized transient overexpression of PTCH would inhibit the phenotype of SHH-induced accelerated growth of hair follicles. Adenovirus (Ad)-mediated transient over-expression of Shh (AdShh) in telogen (8 weeks) mouse skin induced anagen hair growth as demonstrated by histology and gross appearance. Strikingly, local intradermal administration of a Ptch-expressing adenovirus (AdPtch), but not a Null control adenovirus (AdNull), 18 hours before AdShh injection, significantly blocked this phenotype, with 100% of AdPtch+AdShh mice failing to advance to anagen compared with AdNull+AdShh mice and AdShh mice (30% and 45% failing to advance to anagen, respectively). Thus, PTCH expression mediated by gene transfer can modulate the SHH signaling pathway in the adult mammal and may serve as a starting point for therapies relevant to clinical conditions resulting from dysregulation of this pathway as well as for strategies to suppress normal SHH-dependent processes, such as hair growth.

Adenoviridae↗
PubMed2000

Co-activity of the trapezius and upper arm muscles with finger tapping at different rates and trunk postures.

In the context of finding a model that describes the pathophysiological mechanisms leading to muscle pain at low-intensity repetitive work, in this study we investigated whether a simplified finger motor task that requires little mental demand can cause increased muscle activity in the upper arms and neck, and examined the impact of the variation of two parameters, finger tapping rate and body posture. Using the 5th and 95th percentiles from the surface electromyogram of six muscles of the fingers, upper arm and neck, we determined the static and dynamic components of the muscle activity. Correlation methods were used to find a component in the muscle activity that originated from the rhythm of the finger tapping. Further investigations included tapping steadiness and finger force. It was found that in many, but not all subjects, low or even high activity was constantly present in the upper arm and trapezius muscles, sometimes even during relaxation. Fast tapping and a forward-leaning body posture caused considerable increases, while a slightly reclined posture helped to reduce co-activity. However, motor control patterns varied strongly between individuals. Since certain subjects showed no co-activity at all we can assume that trapezius and upper-arm activation is not necessarily required for the completion of a task similar to ours. This may explain why some VDU users develop work-related musculoskeletal disorders while others remain healthy.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

An update on bisphosphonates.

Over the past 15 years, bisphosphonates have been demonstrated as effective therapy for the treatment of osteoporosis based on their ability to suppress bone turnover resulting in increased bone mineral content and increased bone strength. The mechanism of action at the cellular level has been identified, and the more potent nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates clearly have reduced the risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in patients with osteoporosis. Future use of these therapies is evolving to less frequent administration, and the interaction with anabolic therapies is presently being defined. Data to date support long-term safety with bisphosphonates in small numbers of patients treated for 5 to 10 years, and continued vigilant follow-up of the post-marketing experience will be necessary to determine if sustained bone turnover suppression is associated with rare musculoskeletal adverse events. Further development of bisphosphonates as adjunctive therapy to reduce bone metastases is in progress, and trials evaluating bisphosphonates as a structure modifying agent in osteoarthritis are nearing completion.

Alendronate↗
PubMed2000

A study of biomechanical parameters in gait analysis and sensitive cronaxie of diabetic neuropathic patients.

OBJECTIVE: The present investigation aims at studying the sensitive cronaxie in neuropathic and non-neuropathic diabetic patients as a measure of sensorial deficit. We seek to describe the gait using dynamic and temporal parameters. We have compared the results of the neuropathic patients to the results of a non-diabetic group. We have looked for relationships between peak plantar pressure and sensitive cronaxie in selected plantar areas. DESIGN AND METHODS: The experimental procedures were divided in: (a) determination of the sensitive cronaxie in four selected plantar areas, (b) determination and description of peak plantar pressure, ground reaction force variables and single and double stance time. We analyzed and compared the results of the sensitive cronaxie and the biomechanical parameters obtained by three experimental groups: diabetic, neuropathic and non-diabetic subjects. RESULTS: The pathological response of the sensitive cronaxie worsened progressively for neuropathic and diabetic patients, respectively. Longer double and single stance times, lower minimum vertical force and lower growth rates were seen in the neuropathic patients when compared to diabetic and non-diabetic subjects. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate an alteration in the neuropathic patient movement structure. We have speculated that compensatory musculoskeletal mechanisms have been developed by neuropathic patients to compensate for their sensorial deficit. Future research is necessary to verify the relationship between neurophysiological and dynamic variables, since this relationship seems to be a good parameter for the interpretation and comprehension of the peripheral neuropathy. RelevancePeripheral neuropathy is one of the most insidious chronic complications of diabetes. It has been observed that dynamic changes in gait are usually associated with the peripheral neuropathy somatosensory deficits. Biomechanical studies have highlighted that dynamic gait evaluation can identify functional alterations, besides the analysis of sensitive cronaxie as a measure of sensorial deficits. They are also useful as a complimentary routine in the clinic treatment of diabetes and its further long-term complications.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Exercise intolerance in endurance horses.

Endurance competition requires synchronism and development of metabolic and musculoskeletal systems. An understanding of the existence of performance-limiting factors may permit the detection of exercise intolerance that could lead to performance failure, fatigue, and exhaustion. New concepts for assessment of fitness have increased the understanding of individual capacities and deficiencies and the interaction of the different systems involved in exercise.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Growth hormone secretagogues: mechanism of action and use in aging.

GH secretagogues present a tool for furthering our understanding of the control of GH secretion, as well as a unique therapeutic opportunity. These compounds activate the receptors of a putative endogenous ligand in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Acting as functional somatostatin antagonists, GH secretagogues potentiate the actions of GHRH on GH secretion, enhancing pulsatile GH secretion. The clinical target of the elderly population presents significant challenges to drug development. Age-related musculoskeletal impairment as a result of muscle wasting (sarcopenia) is not well recognized as a clinical syndrome. In addition, given the inherent day to day variability in function in the "frail" target population as well as the presence of a host of concomitant conditions, the appropriate patient population to be studied remains to be defined, and demonstration of clinically meaningful efficacy may be difficult. It is not clear whether it will be useful to restore to young levels the activity of the GHIGF-I axis in aging. Nevertheless, if beneficial effects on strength, similar to those demonstrated with GH79 can be shown, GH secretagogues could provide a well-tolerated clinical approach for treating or preventing sarcopenia, and perhaps, even forestall the inevitability of age-associated decline in function and independence. Such efficacy would have a great social impact.

Aged↗