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PubMed1999

[Staging of musculoskeletal tumors in diagnostic imaging].

The staging of primary malignant bone and soft tissue tumors requires adherence to a unified staging system. The staging system of the American Joint Commission for Cancer, the Enneking system, and the Hajdu system are described in respect of the radiologic staging criteria. Plain film radiography can estimate the biological aggressiveness of a bone tumor and in many cases narrow the differential diagnosis. Computed tomography is most sensitive in depicting cortical erosions and calcified periosteal reactions as well as in screening for distant metastasis. Angiography is mainly employed for vascular tumors and for the monitoring of interventional procedures such as tumor embolization. For both bone and soft tissue tumors, magnetic resonance tomography is the method of choice for the staging of intra- and extramedullary tumor extension, for the differentiation of neighboring compartments, and in the detection of invasion of the regional neurovascular bundle. After administration of contrast agents, the mode of enhancement gives further information on the nature of the tumor. With consistent application of the staging criteria in preoperative imaging, limb-saving therapy can be employed more often and the prognosis of the disease can be improved.

Bone Neoplasms↗
PubMed2002

Encapsulated thymoma metastasizing to a pectoralis major muscle.

An extensive review of the literature suggests that ours is the first case of encapsulated thymoma metastasizing to a skeletal muscle. A 43-year-old man underwent thymothymectomy for encapsulated Masaoka's stage I thymoma. Four years after complete resection, the tumor metastasized to the left pectoralis major muscle. Although a few reports exist on encapsulated thymoma metastasizing to a distant site, the literature does not describe encapsulated thymoma metastasizing to a skeletal muscle insofar as we could find.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Inflammatory myoglandular polyps of the colon and rectum. A clinicopathological study of 32 pedunculated polyps, distinct from other types of polyps.

Hitherto unclassified colorectal polyps were identified in 32 patients (23 men and 9 women; mean age, 53 years). The only symptom, which was observed in less than half the patients, was passage of blood or occult blood. Endoscopic examination revealed solitary pedunculated, red polyps with a smooth surface. These polyps were found in the left colon, especially in the sigmoid. Their characteristic features were inflammatory granulation tissue in the lamina propria mucosae, proliferation of smooth muscle, and hyperplastic glands with occasional cystic dilatation. The etiology of this type of polyp is unknown, but it could involve chronic trauma from the fecal stream and from peristalsis of the bowel. These polyps can be differentiated from juvenile polyps and inflammatory polyps by the presence of abundant smooth-muscle cells in the inflamed lamina propria mucosae. They also can be differentiated from Peutz-Jeghers polyps, which appear as hamartomatous structures with tree-like proliferation of muscularis mucosae covered by colonic mucosa without inflammatory granulation tissue. Their locations and macroscopic appearance distinguish these polyps from mucosal prolapse syndrome and polyps developed after colostomy. In addition, these new polyps differ from inflammatory cap polyps in that they lack a fibrin cap. We propose the name inflammatory myoglandular polyps for these polyps, which are distinct clinicopathologically from other types of colorectal polyps.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Ultrastructural study of minute uterine leiomyomas.

Minute uterine leiomyomas, less than 3 mm in diameter, were studied by electron microscopy. In five of 15 cases, morphologically different types of smooth muscle cell were identified. In the central region of leiomyomas, most myoma cells were characterized by filaments sporadically located in the cytoplasm and well-developed organelles. These cells were interpreted as immature smooth muscle cells. In the outer layer of nodules, the cells were a more mature form of smooth muscle cell and resembled normal myometrial cells. The differences suggest that differentiation of the smooth muscle cells occurs early in the growth of uterine leiomyoma.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Myofibroblastoma of the ovary: report of a case.

We report an unusual case of an ovarian tumor arising in a 22-year-old female that showed histologic, immunohistochemical, and ultrastructural features of myofibroblastic differentiation. The mass was found incidentally and upon excision was 9.0 cm in its greatest dimension and almost entirely replaced the left ovary. The patient is alive without evidence of disease 21 months after excision. Histologically, the tumor was encapsulated and composed of cytologically bland spindled cells arranged into a variety of patterns, similar to those found in both solitary fibrous tumor and hemangiopericytoma. Immunohistochemically, the cells stained strongly for smooth muscle actin and muscle-specific actin, with only focal and weak staining for CD34. Stains for S-100 protein, desmin, and AE1/AE3 were negative. Ultrastructurally, the neoplastic cells showed clear-cut evidence of myofibroblastic differentiation. The differential diagnostic considerations, including solitary fibrous tumor and hemangiopericytoma, are discussed.

Actins↗
PubMed1996

[Intramuscular myxoma].

Intramuscolar mixoma is a rare benign neoplasm of mesenchymal origin consisting of stellate shaped cells in an abundant loose, mucopolysaccharide rich matrix. We report two cases of intramuscolar mixoma with review of the literature. Our objectives are to delineate the clinico pathologic characteristic, the nature of constituent cells and the features differing from others benign and malignant neoplasms.

Adult↗