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At least 397 records · Page 22Linked to original sources
PubMed1997

[Interactive multimedia learning systems in oral medicine: experiences at the Faculty of Oral Medicine of Laval University].

Dental teaching must keep in stride with the latest trends. Evolution and challenge are very much a part of every day life for both students and dentists. At the University of Laval, the faculty of dentistry has developed an interactive multimedia apprenticeship system. This system will be incorporated into the curriculum of Laval's doctor of dental medicine degree, as well as the organizational framework of its continuing education program. It will only be a first step for the faculty's department of oral rehabilitation, which ultimately hopes to see the system used by dental schools across Canada. Known as "Médent," the prototype system is designed to teach the principles of osseointegration, and the rehabilitation of oral function using osseointegrated implants.

Canada↗
PubMed1998

Toward a general model for the description of multimedia clinical data.

The patient folder integrates information originating from heterogeneous sources. For this reason computerized tools for patient data management should exploit the advantages of multimediality and offer an integrated environment for data presentation, and image and biosignal visualization. Object-oriented modeling is the best approach for designing systems for multimedia patient folder management. We propose an object-oriented model, able to define the entities constituting the patient folder and their logical organization. This model has sufficient flexibility to adapt to the most varied clinical environments. It allows the physician to structure the information needed for his/her patient folder without employing a programming language.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1995

A comparison of educational interventions. Multimedia textbook, standard lecture, and printed textbook.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the instructional effectiveness and efficiency of a pediatric multimedia textbook (MMTB) with that of a standard lecture and of a printed textbook in a prospective, interinstitutional study. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective cohort. SETTINGS: An urban and a rural medical school affiliated with tertiary care hospitals. POPULATION: Third- and fourth-year medical students from June 1992 to June 1993. INTERVENTIONS/OUTCOME MEASURES: Students were randomized to one of four treatment groups: (1) computer-aided instruction with MMTBs (n = 39), (2) traditional lecture (n = 39), (3) printed textbook (n = 39), or (4) a control group (n = 62). Only the control group was pretested. Following their randomized instruction, all groups were tested via a 26-question multiple-choice test. Statistical analysis was accomplished by analysis of variance of mean post-test scores. The amount of time that students spent with each educational intervention was recorded. RESULTS: Three hundred two students were eligible for the study, 267 entered the study, and 179 completed the study. The instructional effectiveness of the MMTB was greater than that of the lecture (P < .05), and it was the same as that of the printed textbook. All instructional methods were more effective than the control group (P < .05). The instructional efficiency of the MMTB was equal to that of the lecture and of the printed textbook. The subjective response to the MMTB instruction was positive. CONCLUSION: The MMTBs constitute an educationally sound alternative instructional method and have a promising future in medical education.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Development of instructional, interactive, multimedia anatomy dissection software: a student-led initiative.

Although dissection provides an unparalleled means of teaching gross anatomy, it constitutes a significant logistical and financial investment for educational institutions. The increasing availability and waning cost of computer equipment has enabled many institutions to supplement their anatomy curriculum with Computer Aided Learning (CAL) software. At the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, two undergraduate medical students designed and produced instructional anatomy dissection software for use by first and second year medical students. The software consists of full-motion, narrated, QuickTime MPG movies presented in a Macromedia environment. Forty-four movies, between 1-11 min in duration, were produced. Each movie corresponds to a dissection class and precisely demonstrates the dissection and educational objectives for that class. The software is distributed to students free of charge and they are encouraged to install it on their Apple iBook computers. Results of a student evaluation indicated that the software was useful, easy to use, and improved the students' experience in the dissection classes. The evaluation also indicated that only a minority of students regularly used the software or had it installed on their laptop computers. Accordingly, effort should also be directed toward making the software more accessible and increasing students' comfort and familiarity with novel instructional media. The successful design and implementation of this software demonstrates that CAL software can be employed to augment, enhance and improve anatomy instruction. In addition, effective, high quality, instructional multimedia software can be tailored to an educational institution's requirements and produced by novice programmers at minimal cost.

Anatomy↗
PubMed1995

Increasing reading and communication skills in children with autism through an interactive multimedia computer program.

This paper reports on the effect of using an interactive and child-initiated microcomputer program (Alpha) when teaching three groups of children (N = 30) reading and communications skills: (a) 11 children with autism (M chronological age, CA = 9:4 years), (b) 9 children with mixed handicaps (M CA = 13:1), and (c) 10 normal preschool children (M CA = 6:4 years). Their mental age varied from 5:8 years to 6:9 years and all children received computer instruction supplementary to their regular reading and writing activities. Tests of reading and phonological development were carried out at the onset of the training (Start), at the end (Post 1), and at a follow-up evaluation (Post 2). In addition, video observations of the childrens' verbal and nonverbal communication were added at Start and Post 1. The children with autism increased both their word reading and their phonological awareness through the use of the Alpha program. Clearly significant gains were observed during the intervention, but none during the follow-up period. A similar but weaker pattern is observed for the children with mixed handicaps. In contrast, the normal preschool children increased their scores regardless of the program. Analyses of the children's classroom behavior indicate that the intervention succeeded in stimulating verbal expressions among the children with autism and mixed handicap. A significant increase in enjoyment was also noted for the children with autism. It is concluded that the intervention with a motivating multimedia program might stimulate reading and communication in children with various developmental disabilities, but that such interventions must be individually based and include both detailed planning and monitoring from teachers, and parents, as well as from clinicians in charge.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

The spatial scale of organic chemicals in multimedia fate modeling. Recent developments and significance for chemical assessment.

In the last years, the spatial range (SR) or characteristic travel distance (CTD) of organic chemicals has found increasing scientific interest as an indicator of the long-range transport (LRT) potential and, in combination with persistence, as a kind of 'hazard' indicator on the exposure level. This development coincides with European debates about more effective and more preventive approaches to the chemicals assessment, and about an international, legally-binding instrument for the phase out of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). Persistence and LRT potential are important issues in these debates. Here, the development of the concept of assessing the spatial scale from early ideas in the 1970s and 1980s to recent studies in the field of multimedia fate and transport modeling is summarized. Different approaches to the modeling of environmental transport (advective and dispersive) and different methods for quantifying the SR or CTD are compared. Relationships between SR or CTD and different persistence measures are analyzed. Comparison of these relationships shows that conclusions for chemical assessment should be based on an evaluation of different persistence and spatial scale measures. The use of SR or CTD and persistence as hazard indicators in the chemicals assessment is illustrated.

Air Movements↗
PubMed2005

Multimedia article. Laparoscopic transection choledochoduodenostomy.

Choledochoduodenostomy is a well-established procedure and is indicated in patients with multiple ductal calculi and dilated common bile duct (>or=2.0 cm) because these patients require drainage for good long-term results without recurrence of jaundice or cholangitis. The technique most commonly used is that of a side-to-side hand-sutured anastomosis between the supraduodenal common bile duct and the duodenum. The merit of this technique is its simplicity, although it is prone to duodenobiliary reflux and to occasional symptomatic inspissation with food debris causing cholangitis (sump syndrome). It is the technique that has been adopted by most centers for laparoscopic choledochoduodelaostomy. The alternative operation, transection choledochoduodenostomy, excludes the distal (transpancreatic) segment of the bile duct from the end-to-side anastomosis of the transected common bile duct with the second part of the duodenum. The long-term results of this procedure are excellent, and for this reason we have used it for laparoscopic drainage of the common bile duct in six elderly patients (four females and two males; age range, 61-72 years) with multiple occluding ductal calculi and grossly dilated bile duct. Three of these patients (including the one shown in the multimedia video) were admitted acutely with bacterial cholangitis and required emergency insertion of pigtail stent to overcome the acute septic illness. There were no conversions. The first operation lasted 4 h but the operating times in the last two patients were 2.0 and 2.5 h. The results have been excellent, with no deaths and a low postoperative morbidity (chest infection in one patient) and median postoperative hospital stay of 5 days.

Aged↗
PubMed1995

The health care professional multimedia workstation: development and integration issues.

Workstations for health care professionals provide access to distributed healthcare information systems. They are complex systems that have to manage, in a unified framework, the distributed and multimedia information needed for optimal patient care. The objective is to provide the end-user with a virtual and unified device that conceals the complexity of the underlying information system. Integration and reuse of modular software components are important in the development of such a workstation. A reference set of evaluation criteria is proposed that includes functional, technical, organizational, medical, cultural and ethical, economic and industrial components.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1993

A multimedia relational database program for parasite identification.

Parasites are responsible for human and animal diseases causing suffering and economic loss all over the world. Parasite identification is an important step in treating and combating parasitic diseases. This task can be assisted by computer programs. Until now computer based systems for parasite identification were fixed tree-decision programs which had no updating or expansion capacity and no ability for optimal searching algorithms. A new program was developed by using a multimedia relational database management system with a graphical environment. This program can incorporate expert knowledge in its relational structure and identify the parasites by using its structured query language. Also, the program has the ability for partial identification by presenting the parasites that match the available incomplete information. In addition, the program can handle images and sound to present pictures and relevant information on the identified parasites. The advantages of the new program are its friendly graphical user interface and its unlimited capacity to incorporate new knowledge.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1986

Screening the potential risks of toxic substances using a multimedia compartment model: estimation of human exposure.

Managing environmental health risks requires the assessment of environmental fate, exposure, and health risk of an ever-increasing list of contaminants. The magnitude of this list precludes an experimental evaluation of each contaminant. For this reason, computer models are being used more frequently to simulate the transport and transformation of chemicals based on physical and chemical properties. This paper describes a multimedia compartment model that we have developed for screening toxic substances. This model, referred to as GEOTOX, uses a combination of physical, chemical, and landscape properties to establish the partitioning, reaction, and interphase-transport characteristics of a chemical. These properties are used to estimate concentrations in the air, soil, water, and food of a representative or generic environment. We use these concentrations in exposure-pathway models to calculate the quantities absorbed by humans; then dose-response data are used to estimate health risks. The capability of GEOTOX as a screening tool is illustrated in a sample ranking of three chemicals (i.e., 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine, and benzene) being continuously added to the upper-soil compartment. We find that ranking based on both toxic potency and environmental fate can enhance the risk-management process when compared to ranking based on toxic potency alone.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMedDate not supplied

IRIS: an experimental multimedia workstation linking the departments of emergency medicine and radiological sciences.

An experimental version of a multimedia medical communication system called IRIS (Integrated Radiological Information System) operated between the Department of Emergency Medicine and the Department of Radiological Sciences at the Ottawa Civic Hospital for 7 weeks during April and May 1989. IRIS is being developed to enhance communication between clinicians and radiology consultants to improve diagnosis and reporting. IRIS supports the capture and distribution of digitized x-ray images and voice reports in the form of "electronic" patient folders that can be accessed at physician workstations throughout the hospital. It also supports on-line consultation between the radiologist and clinician through synchronized workstation operation. Each workstation has 1) a high resolution image screen to display documents and x-ray images; 2) a control screen to access patient folders; 3) a hands-free telephone to dictate, play back reports, and enable realtime consultation between physicians. From an emergency physician's (EP) perspective, such an involved system must allow the viewing and manipulation of images in order to reach diagnostic conclusions and support efficient interchange between the clinician and the consultant radiologist, yet be easy to learn and use without disruption of clinical services. After a briefing session, the trial took place and analogue and digital images were compared. An observer-assistant recorded how EPs used the system and was available to assist the EP. After the trial, six EPs participated in an extensive debriefing interview in order to evaluate the system. Overall, the system was found to be easy to learn and to use, and there was a clear benefit to the full consultation report and the ability to directly consult with the radiologist located at a remote station.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Development towards multimedia medical workstations.

In this paper, concepts and examples of medical workstations with multimedia and hypermedia capabilities will be presented. These workstations have special hardware and software requirements. Also described in the article are the developments in Europe (AIM project line) within this area.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1995

Multidisciplinarity and multimedia in quality of care--education.

Quality of care and quality of life are patient-centred, whereas medical education tends to be disease-centred. More patient-centred models will be necessary to optimise the quality of care for cancer patients. This demands new priorities in medical education, new concepts for structuring and organising responsibilities in medical care, and new complementary task definitions for the players involved. Goal setting and functional care models are conceptual innovations that can help introduce the patient-centred approach into medical practice. In the care of patients with cancer, the goals of the physician, nurse, patient, and family may change and diverge as the disease progresses, necessitating open discussion and bargaining. Functional care models stress that the quality of care can be defined differently at the four different levels of care--medical, nursing, cleaning/providing, and support from family and friends. Instruments that maintain the focus of care on the patient's quality of life can help formalise the goal-setting process. Quality of life measuring instruments should be adapted to the priorities of the clinical situation and implemented in basic practice routines. There is no single objective quality of life level or score, and measuring instruments must take into account different quality of life options. Multidisciplinarity and multimedia education means the appropriate learning instruments at the appropriate time for all those concerned.

Education, Medical↗
PubMed2004

Routine, automated determination of inorganic and total mercury in multimedia using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry.

A routine, automated analytical method for simultaneous determination of total and inorganic mercury by cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry in multimedia is described. Excellent accuracy and precision results were obtained with human hair certified reference materials namely, BCR-397 and IAEA-086. The reproducibility relative standard deviation for total mercury was 4% and 22%, respectively. The limit of detection for total and inorganic mercury was 0.2 microg/g hair. The described method has been successfully applied in determination of total and inorganic mercury as well as organic mercury in human hair, urine and fish tissue samples.

Automation↗
PubMed2005

Calculation of environmental concentration and comparison of output for existing chemicals using regional multimedia modeling.

The environmental fate of 40 existing chemicals is discussed using the EUSES multimedia distribution and risk assessment model with site-specific parameter setting in an urban area of Japan including a highly industrial region. There has been a strong need to assess the environmental fate of a huge number of existing chemicals. Data on the emission amounts of chemicals are essential for such prediction, and PRTR surveys may yield this data. The study delivered the following results: (1) Volatile compounds with large amounts of emission showed higher predicted concentrations in air, and the concentrations of several compounds agreed well with averaged monitoring data within an order of magnitude. (2) A close relationship was found between the concentration of water and that of sediment, suggesting that the fate of chemicals in sediment essentially depended on the water environment. (3) A group of volatile solvents had high mass distribution ratio to air. Some compounds having high solubility in water were also included in that group due to the high ratio of air emission. Highly hydrophobic compounds with logK(OW) larger than 6.0 showed a high distribution ratio to soil and sediment. (4) Volatile compounds were mostly taken through air. The exposure through fish is a dominant pathway for highly hydrophobic compounds. (5) Exposure ratio could be gathered from physicochemical properties. The exposure from fish intake was roughly estimated by logK(OW), whereas exposure from air and water intake was difficult to estimate simply by vapor pressure and solubility in water, respectively.

Environmental Exposure↗
PubMed2006

A multimedia environmental model of chemical distribution: fate, transport, and uncertainty analysis.

This paper presented a framework for analysis of chemical concentration in the environment and evaluation of variance propagation within the model. This framework was illustrated through a case study of selected organic compounds of benzo[alpha]pyrene (BAP) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in the Great Lakes region. A multimedia environmental fate model was applied to perform stochastic simulations of chemical concentrations in various media. Both uncertainty in chemical properties and variability in hydrometeorological parameters were included in the Monte Carlo simulation, resulting in a distribution of concentrations in each medium. Parameters of compartmental dimensions, densities, emissions, and background concentrations were assumed to be constant in this study. The predicted concentrations in air, surface water and sediment were compared to reported data for validation purpose. Based on rank correlations, a sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine the influence of individual input parameters on the output variance for concentration in each environmental medium and for the basin-wide total mass inventory. Results of model validation indicated that the model predictions were in reasonable agreement with spatial distribution patterns, among the five lake basins, of reported data in the literature. For the chemical and environmental parameters given in this study, parameters associated to air-ground partitioning (such as moisture in surface soil, vapor pressure, and deposition velocity) and chemical distribution in soil solid (such as organic carbon partition coefficient and organic carbon content in root-zone soil) were targeted to reduce the uncertainty in basin-wide mass inventory. This results of sensitivity analysis in this study also indicated that the model sensitivity to an input parameter might be affected by the magnitudes of input parameters defined by the parameter settings in the simulation scenario. Therefore, uncertainty and sensitivity analyses for environmental fate models was suggested to be conducted after the model output was validated based on an appropriate input parameter settings.

Benzopyrenes↗
PubMed2005

A new multimedia-based instruction for hip arthroplasty in clinical practice.

With the aging of the population, patients with degenerative osteoarthritis are growing. Until now, artificial joint arthroplasty (HA) is the final treatment for such joint-related disease. Because of the implementation of case payment insurance policy, patients with artificial HA in Taiwan have higher post-operative infection, dislocation and readmission than those in other countries. It is more important, nowadays, to provide patients and their family appropriate care guide for operative preparation and post-operative rehabilitation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to develop a multimedia-based instruction (MBI) videodisc and then apply it in the care guide instruction for HA patients. The MBI videodisc in this study created combined texts, pictures, film, animations, sound, etc. by using Ulead PhotoImpact package and CyberLink PowerDirector. Thirty-three subjects in the experimental group and an equal number of subjects in the control group were recruited to evaluate the efficacy of the HA MBI videodisc in patients' learning. The results demonstrated that the HA MBI videodisc could improve patient self-care cognition in operative preparation and functional activity in post-operative rehabilitation.

Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip↗
PubMed2006

Evaluating the fate of p,p'-DDT in Tianjin, China using a non-steady-state multimedia fugacity model.

Studies showed that DDT levels were still high in Tianjin, China, even though its use was banned in 1983. To estimate current risk of DDT to human health in Tianjin area, a non-steady-state (Level IV) multimedia fugacity model was used to simulate the fate and transfer of p,p'-DDT before and after the ban. The ordinary linear equations of Level IV model were solved with a matrix approach. The calculated p,p'-DDT concentration in air, water, soil, and sediment reached a maximum in the 1980s and then decreased, and agree well with those measured. The biggest bulk sinks of p,p'-DDT were soil and sediment, which accounted for 90% of total amount of p,p'-DDT in the environment. Air deposition and diffusions through the interfaces of water-air and water-sediment were the major intermedia transfer processes, while the degradation in soil and sediment were the key eliminating routes for p,p'-DDT in the environment.

Air↗